Pharmacological method state is a method to explain the principle of Chinese herb according to its external phenomenon such as shape, color, texture, features, and so on. The natural attribute of Chinese herb include shape, color, texture, smell, harvesting time, medicinal parts, chemical components, and so on. Though both of them have different key points, the natural attribute of Chinese herb can also be used to explain its medicinal mechanism. Therefore, the correlation research between pharmacological method state and the natural attribute of Chinese herb has some significance.
Biomedical Research ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology

Objective To study antimicrobial resistance and genotyping of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus au-reus(MRSA). Methods A total of 967 no-repetitive strains of Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)isolated from a hospital between January 2014 and November 2015 were collected,antimicrobial susceptibility testing,mecA gene,and Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene(PVL gene)were detected;staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec(SCCmec)typing,multilocus sequence typing(MLST),S.aureus protein A(spa)gene typing,and S.aureus ac-cessory gene regulator(agr)typing were performed with multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Results Of 967 strains of S.aureus,210(21.72%)were MRSA;detection rate of MRSA from sputum specimen was higher than that of skin and soft tissue specimen(68.09% vs 1 1.83% ,P<0.05);vancomycin- and linezolid-resistant S.aureus strains were not found,susceptibility rates of MRSA to gentamicin,tetracycline,erythromycin,clindamycin,levo-floxacin,ciprofloxacin,moxifloxacin,nitrofurantoin,and rifampicin were all lower than those of methicillin-sensi-tive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA),differences were all statistically significant(all P<0.05);antimicrobial sus-ceptibility rate of MRSA to compound sulfamethoxazole was higher than MSSA,difference was significant(P<0.05). Susceptibility rates of MRSA isolated from skin and soft tissue to gentamicin,levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,moxifloxacin,and rifampicin were 86.90% -95.24%,while MRSA isolated from sputum were only 1.56% -15.63%.Of 967 strains of S.aureus,210 harbored mecA gene,10 harbored PVL gene,8(3.81%)of 210 MRSA strains weren't typed. The main types of MLST,SCCmec,spa,and agr were ST 239(n= 177 strains),type Ⅲ(n= 177 strains),t 030(n= 177 strains),and typeⅠ(n= 196 strains)respectively.Conclusion The main epidemic clone of MRSA strain in this hospital is ST239-MRSA-SCCmec III-t030,antimicrobial resistance is serious,monitoring on drug-resistant strains in hospital should be strengthened.

Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; Humans ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of ti-cagrelor and clopidogrelin the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) after thrombolytic therapy.Methods A total of 130 ST -segment myocardial infarction (STEM) patients were randomly divided into control group (n=64) and treatment group ( n=66 ).The patients of control group were given clopi-dogrel 300 mg, maintenance dose 75 mg qd.The patients of treatment group were given ticagrelor 180 mg, maintenance dose 90 mg bid.All the patients of two groups received selective PCI successfully after 8-10 d treatment.The change of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction ( TIMI ) flow grades after operation , left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) and left ventricular end -diastolic dimension ( LVEDD ) , the incidence of no-reflow/slow flow and adverse drug reactions after operation were compared between two groups.Results After operation, the TIMI flow grades and LVEF in treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group ( P<0.01 ).After operation , the LVEDD in treatment group was lower than that in control group , with significant difference ( P<0.01 ).The incidences of no -reflow/slow flow in treatment group and control group were 3.03%and 14.06%respectively , there was statistically significant difference in two groups ( P<0.05 ).Only some minor bleeding events happened in the two groups , there was no statistically significant difference in two groups after operation 6 months ( P>0.05 ).Conclusion Ticagrelor could support better clinical efficacy than clopidogre in selective PCI after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction , which has a stronger anti -platelet aggregation function without increasing the incidence of bleeding events.

Recent studies indicated that interleukin (IL)-17, growth-related oncogene (GRO)-α and IL-8 play an important role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. However, the effects of the increased amount of IL-17 and the production of GRO-α and IL-8 in human nasal polyp fibroblasts are not completely understood. This study aimed to determine the effects of the increased IL-17 on the changes of GRO-α and IL-8 expression in human nasal polyp fibroblasts and further investigate the mechanism of neutrophil infiltration in nasal polyps. Nasal polyp fibroblasts were isolated from six cases of human nasal polyps, and the cells were stimulated with five different concentrations of IL-17. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of GRO-α and IL-8. The mRNA of GRO-α and IL-8 was expressed in unstimulated controls and remarkably increased by stimulation with IL-17. Moreover, the levels of GRO-α and IL-8 produced by fibroblasts were increased gradually with the increases in IL-17 concentrations. The present study showed that nasal fibroblasts can produce GRO-α and IL-8, and their production is remarkably enhanced by IL-17 stimulation, thereby clarifying the mechanism of the IL-17 mediated neutrophil infiltration in nasal polyps. These findings might provide a rationale for using IL-17 inhibitors as a treatment for nasal inflammatory diseases such as nasal polyps.

0.05). Conclusion Preproghrelin-Leu72Met is not significantly associated with T2DM and DN in Shanghai Han populations,while T2DM with AA genotype is characterized by significant declination in urine microalbumin when compared with CA and CC genotypes.Leu72Met polymorphism(C→A)may postpone the development of microalbuminuria in T2DM subjects.

OBJECTIVETo study the differential expressions of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in the tissues of prostate cancer and normal prostate, and to find the role of RAGE in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer.

METHODSWe collected the tissue of prostate cancer and that of normal prostate from the same patient, and compared the differential expressions of RAGE at the tissue, protein and mRNA levels between prostate cancer and normal prostate tissues of 10 patients by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR.

RESULTSImmunohistochemistry exhibited a significantly higher expression of RAGE in the prostate cancer tissue than in the normal prostate tissue; Western blot showed that the RAGE protein expression was 2.13 times higher in the former than in the latter (P < 0.05); and real-time quantitative PCR revealed the RAGE mRNA expression of the former to be 4.2 times that of the latter (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONRAGE may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer.

Blotting, Western ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Prostate ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products ; Receptors, Immunologic ; genetics ; metabolism

AIMTo study the effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia on p38MAPK in partial cerebral tissues of weanling rats.

METHODSRandomly, fifty male SD rats (3-week-old-4-week-old) were divided into five groups: 2-week-CIH group (2IH), 4-week-CIH group (4IH), 4-week-recovery group (4F), 2-week-control group (2C) and 4-week-control group (4C). Intermittent hypoxia model was induced by an intermittent hypoxia cabin. The expression of p38MAPK mRNA and the phosphorylation levels of p38MAPK (p-p38 protein) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were measured by RT-PCR or Western blot respectively.

RESULTSNo matter in the hippocampus, or in the prefrontal cortex, the expression of p38MAPK mRNA and p-p38 protein in 2IH, 4IH and 4F groups were respectively higher than 2C and 4C groups (P < 0.05, respectively).

CONCLUSIONChronic intermittent hypoxia can activate the p38MAPK in partial cerebral tissues of weanling rats.

Animals ; Hippocampus ; enzymology ; Hypoxia ; enzymology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex ; enzymology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; physiopathology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo examine serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to explore the relationship between vitamin D level and ASD.

METHODSSerum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were determined by the HPLC-MS/MS method in 117 children with newly diagnosed ASD and 109 healthy controls. Vitamin D status were classified into normal (>30 ng/mL), insufficiency (10-30ng/mL) and deficiency (<10 ng/mL) according to 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.

RESULTSSerum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (19±9 ng/mL)in children with ASD was significantly lower than that in healthy controls (36±13 ng/mL; P<0.01). The rate of vitamin D insufficiency plus deficiency in the ASD group was significantly higher than in the control group (89.7% vs 52.3%; P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSVitamin D insufficiency or deficiency is common in children with ASD and might be as one of the environmental or genetic factors for ASD.

Child ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive ; blood ; Child, Preschool ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Vitamin D ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; epidemiology

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neuro-developmental disorders in early childhood which are defined by social difficulties, communication deficits and repetitive or restrictive interests and behaviours. The etiology of ASD remains poorly understood. Much research has shown that children with ASD suffer from immunological dysfunction. This article reviews the current research progress on immunological dysfunction in children with ASD, including abnormalities in immune cells, antibodies, complements, cytokines, major histocompatibility complex and their potential association with ASD, and explores the impacts of maternal immunological activation on the immune dysfunction of children with ASD.
Autoantibodies ; blood ; Child ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive ; etiology ; immunology ; Cytokines ; physiology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; blood ; Lymphocytes ; immunology