Various column chromatography, such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, and semi-preparative HPLC was used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents from Cinnamomum cassia. The structures were determined on the basis of NMR and MS spectral data analysis, together with the comparison with literature data. Fifteen compounds were isolated from the 85% aqueous ethanol extract of C. cassia, and their structures were identified as (2R, 3R)-5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavan-3-ol( 1), (2R, 3R)-5,7-dimethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxyflavan-3-ol (2), coumarin (3), cinnamic acid (4), (E)-2-hydroxy-phenylpropionic acid cinnamoyl ester (5), 3, 3', 4, 4'-tetrahydroxy biphenyl (6), methylstictic acid (7), epi-boscialin (8), (1R,2S,3S,4S)-2,3-epoxy-1, 4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-5-cyelohexene (9), 4,5-dihydroxy-3-methyl cyclohex-2-enone (10), cis-4-hydroxymellein (11), and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyl-cinnamaldehyde (12). Compounds 5-11 were obtained from this genus plants for the first time.
Cinnamomum aromaticum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure

Objective To investigate the diagnostic values of different imaging techniques in congenital esophageal atresia and tra-cheoesophageal fistula.Methods Imaging findinfs of 34 infants with congenital esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula were retrospectively analyzed.34 infants undertook X-ray and esophageal imaging,and 1 7 infants also undertook CT examination.Results Based on Gross classification,there were 2,32,9 and 23 cases for type I,Ⅲ,Ⅲa and Ⅲb,respectively.Coexistence of other de-formity was observed in 10 cases.Plain chest and abdomen X-ray film showed gastric pneumatosis in 32 cases,varied degrees of pneumonia in 25 cases and right upper pulmonary atelectasis in 3 cases.Esophagography showed a cecum in upper esophageal in 34 cases,distal tracheoesophageal fistula in one case.CT examination indicated distal tracheoesophageal fistula and orificium fistulae in 14 cases.Conclusion Combination of X-ray and CT imaging results with clinical symptoms can aid early detection and typing of con-genital esophageal atresia,furthermore provides guidance for operation and finally improves the survival rate of infants.

Objective To explore the efficacy and feasibility of suprapubic cystostomy combined with transurethral vapor resection of the prostate(TUVRP)for large benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Method Twenty-eight cases with large BPH were treated with suprapubic cystostomy combined with TUVRP and the clinical data was analyzed retrospectively.Results After operation,all patients had normal urination,followed up for 6 months,the international prostatic symptom score was decreased from(24.2 ±4.8)scores to(9.8 ±2.6)scores,the maximal uroflow rate was increased from(6.2 ±2.1)ml/s to(14.8 ±2.9)ml/s,the residual urine was decreased from(108.0 ± 37.1)ml to(20.2 ± 7.6)ml,there was significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).Complications were found in 3 cases,2 cases were transurethral resection of prostate syndrome,I case was secondary bleeding.Conclusion Suprapubic cystostomy combined with TUVRP is a safe,less complication,effective and feasible method for large BPH with proficient skill.

Objective To explore the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1? (HIF-1?) in the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) under anoxia.Methods HIF-1? and TERT mRNA in the PASMCs were examined by RT-PCR with the presence of HIF-1? inducers (CoCl_2,DFX),inhibitor (FAS,CBZ-LLL) and oligodeoxynucleotides,or under anoxia.HIF-1? protein in the PASMCs was determined by Western blotting.Results Expressions of HIF-1? and TERT mRNA significantly up-regulated under anoxia (0.59?0.07,0.60?0.06) compared with that in control group ( 0.11? 0.02,0.1?0.01,P0.05).Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides invalidated CoCl_2-induced increase in TERT mRNA levels (0.45?0.04) compared with CoCl_2 group (0.95?0.08,P

Objective To investigate the role of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) in non-IgE mediated activation of mast cells (MCs) by in vitro co-culture of laboratory of allergic disease 2 (LAD2) cells and SEB.Methods The LAD2 cells were incubated with SEB at different concentrations of 0.01,0.1,1,10 and 100 μg/ml,A23187 positive control and negative control separately for 30 minutes.Then,effects of SEB on the morphology of MCs were observed by using a light microscope,and culture supernatants of the above incubation systems were collected.The concentration of tryptase released from MCs was analyzed by enzymatic activity assay,and the level of histamine was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results After 30-minute co-culture of LAD2 cells and SEB,MCs showed larger size,obscure boundaries,increased number of protuberances on the cell surface and decreased refractivity,with a radial burr fin-like appearance.After 30-minute co-culture of LAD2 cells and SEB at different concentrations of 0.01,0.1,1,10 and 100 μg/ml,the concentrations of tryptase in the culture supematants were 4.116 ± 0.651,5.344 ± 0.874,3.806 ± 0.459,1.309 ± 0.247,0.310 ± 0.199 ng/ml respectively.Additionally,the tryptase levels were significantly higher in the 0.01-,0.1-,1-μg/ml SEB groups than in the negative control group(1.538 ± 0.490,all P ＜ 0.05),and gradually decreased along with the increase of SEB concentrations.The histamine levels in the 0.01-,0.1-,1-,10-and 100-μg/ml SEB groups were 242.409 ± 63.915,522.491 ± 73.466,550.926 ± 84.466,334.397 ± 33.640,226.527 ± 5.678 ng/ml respectively.In the 0.01-,0.1-,1-μg/ml SEB groups,the levels of histamine released from MCs were gradually increased along with the increase of SEB concentrations,and were significantly higher than those in the negative control group (146.436 ± 3.100,all P ＜ 0.05).However,with the continued increase of SEB concentrations,the histamine levels gradually decreased.Conclusion SEB can directly activate MCs by a non-IgE mediated mechanism,followed by morphologic changes of MCs and release of tryptase and histamine.

Objective To investigate the water infectivity in key water regions,and analyze the transmission risk of schisto-somiasis in suspicious and high-risk environments in Hubei Province in 2016. Methods Schistosome-endemic areas of the Yangtze River,the Hanbei River and the Fu River were chosen as the surveillance and forecast sites. The water infectivity was detected by using the sentinel mice during the flood season. The infection status of residents in the villages around the surveil-lance sites and the activities of human beings and domestic animals were surveyed. The emergency response system was initiated when the water infectivity areas were detected. Results From May to June,among the ten surveillance sites of the first batch, two positive spots with infected mice were found,accounting for 20％. All the recovered mice(totally 200)were dissected:five mice were infected,with a total infection rate of 2.5％. Totally five schistosome adult worms were collected,with mean worm bur-den of 1 worm per infected mouse. The site with cercariae-infected water body started the emergency response and no epidemic occurred. From August to September,among the eight surveillance sites of the second batch,the recovered mice(totally 160) were dissected,and no infected sentinel mice were found. Conclusion The sentinel mice method plays an important role in an-alyzing the schistosomiasis transmission risk in Hubei Province.

Objective To evaluate the effect of wild feces detection in Oncomelania hupensis environments on the surveil?lance of infection source of schistosomiasis,and find the weakness in schistosomiasis control in Hubei Province,so as to put for?ward the targeted strategies and measures. Methods Four environments with O. hupensis snails in endemic areas of Hubei Provinces,where human and livestock often haunted,were selected according to the river systems,namely the Juzhanghe River beach in Jingzhou City,Changjiang River beach in Jiayu County,Hanbei River beach in Tianmen City,and Changshou River beach in Zhongxiang City,then the snail survey and wild feces detection were implemented in the selected environments. Re?sults There were O. hupensis snails,livestock,wild feces of cattle or sheep as well as positive cattle feces found in all the 4 environments,and the positive rate of schistosome miracidium incubation was 47.62%. Conclusion The schistosome miracidi?um positive rate of wild feces of cattle is high in the environments with snails in endemic areas of Hubei Province ,which has high risk for schistosomiasis transmission.

Objective To observe the Klotho expression in kidneys and renal tubular epithelial cells apoptosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and the effects of cordyceps sinensis (CS), in order to study the mechanism of protective effects of CS on renal tubular cells apoptosis in hypertensive renal damage. Methods Twenty 22-week-old male SHRs were control group. After 8 weeks, the levels of 24 hours urinary protein (Upre), urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and renal pathological changes were detected; the mRNA expression of Klotho, 053 and 021 was detected by RT-PCR; the protein expression of Klotho, 053, 021 and cleaved-caspase-3 was tested by Western blotting. TUNEL assay was applied to evaluate the renal tubular cell apoptosis. Results As compared to SHR group, the levels of 24 h urinary protein content [(52.16±29.3) mg, (49.97±32.5) mg, (54.67±30.09) mg vs (96.52±36.94) mg], urinary NAG [(44.13±9.11), (42.75±8.33), (41.96±7.88) U/L vs (54.07±6.57) U/L], Sct [(45.25±9.55), (43.76±8.65), (45.18±7.28) μmol/L vs (53.84±10.21) μmol/L]and BUN [(8.25±1.03), (8.40±1.58), (8.32±0.98) mmol/L vs (8.91±1.24) mmol/L]were decreased (all P<0.05), renal pathological changes were relieved, the levels of Klotho expression were up-regulated and the levels of p53 and p21 expression and cleaved-caspase-3 protein expression were down-regulated (all P<0.01), tubular cell apoptosis was decreased [7.56%±0.52%, 7.93%±0.37%, 7.37%±0.36% vs 13.32%±0.64%, P<0.01] in CS, Los and CS+Los group. Conclusions Klotho, p53 and p21 play important roles in renal tubular cells apoptosis in hypertensive renal damage. CS can up-regulate Klotho expression, down-regulate p53 and p21 expression and decrease the cleaved-caspase-3 expression and tubular cell apoptosis to ameliorate the hypertensive renal damage.

Objective:To investigate the incidence trends and clinicopathologic characteristics of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducting using the following data:3,766 cases with thyroid disease in the People's Hospital of Wuhan University between January 2001 and July 2013;and 977 cases with thyroid cancer in the Hubei Cancer Hospital between Janu-ary 2006 and July 2013. Results:The incidence of thyroid cancer increased significantly since 2008, ranging from 14.94%to 18.10%(P<0.05). In particular, the PTC cases ranged from 85.33%to 90.89%(P<0.05). A total of 1,416 cases were diagnosed as PTC with a male to female ratio of 1:3.75. The positive rate of neck lymph node metastasis (NLNM) was significantly different in terms of gender and age (P<0.05). Significant differences were also found between the unifocal group and the multifocal group;the positive rate of NL-NM was 77.94%in the latter group. The rate of NLNM in PTC was 72.29%, which had higher significance compared with Hashimoto's thyroiditis or with nodular goiter. Conclusion: The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing. Cases involving males aged below 45 years old and with>1 cm tumor diameter and multifocal PTC are more likely to be complicated with NLNM.

AIM: To evaluate the alterations in calcium metabolism of the vascular smooth muscle in the late phase of septic shock and test the hypothesis that nitric oxide might be involved in sepsis-induced vascular hyporeactivity. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). 18 hours post CLP,rat aortic rings were employed for measurement of contractile responses by using organ bath technique. RESULTS: In endothelium-denuded aortic rings from CLP rats,concentration-contraction curves to phenylephrine (PE) and KCl were significantly decreased when compared to that from sham control rats. The transient contraction induced by PE in calcium-free Krebs solution and the concentration-dependent contraction to CaCl_2 in KCl-depolarized medium were also markedly reduced. The hyporeactivity was partially reversed by treatment with aminoguanidine,a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. CONCLUSION: An impairment in calcium handling in vascular smooth muscle is involved in the vascular hyporeactivity during the late phase of septic shock,in which an excessive nitric oxide production might be the major mechanism.