Objective To histomorphometricly assess changes occurred in the alveolar ridge following different methods of socket preservation and to compare them against natural healing without interventions. Methods The second、 third and fourth mandibular premolars were extracted from six beagles. Six extraction sites in each dog were randomly assigned to three treatments as follows:natural healing (T1), Bio-Oss Collagen (T2) and immediate implant with Bio-Oss (T3). Six month after surgery, the dogs were euthanized and tissue samples were sectioned, fixed and mounted, then were stained with toluidine blue. The histologic studies and morphological measurements were performed by using an optical microscope and a digital image software. Results Reabsorption in the buccal aspect of the alveolar crest of ridge was showed in all groups. With respect to the mean vertical bone loss of the buccal bone plate, T3 is lower than T1 and T2(P<0.001 ), while no significant differences were observed between T1 and T2. With regard to horizontal dimension of the alveolar process , a statistical significance could be found at 3mm and 4mm below the crest of ridge in group T1 and T3(P=0.017, P=0.042), while no statistical differences were found between other groups. Conclusions Both techniques of alveolar ridge preservation were not able to completely preserve the original bone volume after tooth extraction. Immediate implant placement in combination with Bio-Oss seems to have the potential to limit the reabsorption of the alveolar process efficiently , but the bone preserving effect of Bio-Oss Collagen is undesirable.

BACKGROUND:Retinoid X receptor (RXR) plays a central role in the regulation of intracellular receptor signaling pathways. The activation of RXR has protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of H9c2 ventricular cells in rats. But the protective effect and mechanism of activating RXR in cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced oxidative iniury are stillunclear. METHODS:The model of H/R injury was established through hypoxia for 2 hours and reoxygenation for 4 hours in H9c2 cardiomyocytes of rats. 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis RA) was obtained as an RXR agonist, and HX531 as an RXR antagonist. Cultured cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into four groups:sham group, H/R group, H/R+9-cis RA -pretreated group (100 nmol/L 9-cis RA), and H/R+9-cis RA+HX531-pretreated group (2.5 μmol/L HX531). The cellviability was measured by MTT, apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes by flow cytometry analysis, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) by JC-1 fluorescent probe, and protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-9 with Western blotting. Allmeasurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation, and analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Dunnett test. Differences were considered significant whenP was <0.05. RESULTS:Pretreatment with RXR agonist enhanced cellviability, reduced apoptosis ratio, and stabled ΔΨm. Dot blotting experiments showed that under H/R stress conditions, Bcl-2 protein level decreased, while Bax and cleaved caspase-9 were increased. 9-cis RA administration before H/R stress prevented these effects, but the protective effects of activating RXR on cardiomyocytes against H/R induced oxidative injury were abolished when pretreated with RXR pan-antagonist HX531. CONCLUSION:The activation of RXR has protective effects against H/R injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes of rats through attenuating signaling pathway of mitochondria apoptosis.

Background Proliferation of the human Tenon capsule fibroblasts(HTFs) is a main cause of failure of filtering surgery.To search the drug of inhibiting the growth of the HTFs is essential for the improvement of successful rate of filtering surgery.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of apigenin on HTFs and its mechanism.Methods Human Tenon capsular tissue was obtained during the strabismus correction surgery.HTFs was primarily cultured using explant method and identified using vimentin by immunochemistry.The 3-5 generation of cells were incubated to 96-well plate.Apigenin of 0,20,40,80,160 μmol/L was added into the medium,respectively,for 24,48,72 hours,and the proliferation of HTFs was detected by sulfonyl chloride (SRB) at the wavelength of 560 nm (A560).Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) of 10 μg/L was added to culture the cells for 48 hours to calculate the labeling rate of BrdU.The morphology of the cells was observed using Hoechst 33258 staining,and apoptosis and cells cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry.Results Cultured cells grew well with the positive response for vimentin,showing the green fluorescence in cytoplasm.SRB assay showed that the A560 value was gradually declined with the increase of the dosage of apigenin and prolong of time (Fgroup =480.306,P =0.000 ; Ftime =555.144,P =0.000).The labeling rate after 0,40,80 μmol/L apigenin acted for 48 hours was (87.860 ±0.632)％,(61.520±4.306)％ and (23.480±4.472)％,showing a significant difference among the three groups (F =299.347,P =0.000).The labeling rate of HTFs for BrdU was significantly decreased in the 40 and 80 μmol/L apigenin groups compared with the 0 μmol/L apigenin group (P＜0.05).Hoechse 33258 staining found that the number of the HTFs was gradually decreased and the cell number of karyopyknosis and nuclear deformation was increased with the increase of apigenin dosage.Percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase were raised and that in S and G2/M phase were declined in the higher dosage apigenin group,with a significant difference among the different groups (FG0/G1 =58.621,P=0.000;Fs =32.357,P=0.001 ;FG2/M =83.998,P=0.000).In the 72nd hour after acted by 0,40,80,160 μmol/L apigenin,the apoptosis rate of HTFs was (4.77±0.21) ％,(13.24±1.35)％,(18.33±1.86) ％,(31.58 ± 2.77) ％,respectively,with a statistically significant difference among the four groups (F =204.791,P＜0.05).Conclusions Apigenin restrains the growth of HTFs by evoking G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis in a dosage-and time-dependent manner.

Objective To analyze the drug resistance profile and risk factors for extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) patients. Methods XDR-TB cases were identified by sixteen anti-TB drug susceptibility kits among inpatients with a diagnosis of laboratory-confirmed mycobacterium tuberculosis. Single-factor and Logistic analysis were used to analyze the risk factors for drug resistant of the first and second-line anti-TB drugs in XDR-TB patients. Results Resistant rate of rifampin, isoniazid and rifampicin were 100%, Resistant rate of streptomycin, rifampicin and dean, b sulfur isoniazid, levofloxacin and capreomycin were from 90% to 100%, resistant rate of kanamycin and amino salicylic acid were from 70% to 80%, resistant rate of amikacin from 60% to 70%, resistant rate of sulfur isoniazid was from 50% to 60%, resistant rate of ethambutol and moxifloxacin were from 40% to 50%, resistant rate of clarithromycin was from 10% to 20%, resistant rate of clofazimine 5.2%. 92.1% of XDR-TB patients were resistant to more than 10 anti-TB drugs, and the least of the patients were resistant to 6 anti-TB drugs.Logistic regression analysis showed the risk factors for XDR-TB first-and second-line anti-tb drugs included age ［20-40 year (OR=6.318, 95% CI:1.204-33.15, P=0.029;40-60 year (OR=4.772, 95% CI:0.973-23.392, P=0.054); 60 year (OR=41.366, 95% CI:2.909-588.265, P=0.006)］and anti-TB treatment history was retreatment(OR=28.013, 95% CI:3.357-233.766, P=0.002). Conclusions XDR-TB patients have serious drug resistance, but there were some drug treatable drug resistance types, and the risk factors mainly come from age and anti-TB treatment history.

Objective To investigate clinical features and prognostic factors in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with opportunistic infections.Methods Forty-two cases of AIDS patients with opportunistic infections were enrolled in this study.Clinical data and major factors affecting the prognosis were analyzed using Logistic regression.Results Bacterial infection was the first etiological factor(57.1%) of opportunistic infections in AIDS patients.Eighty-three point three percent of patients infected with more than two kind of etiological agents.Fifty-seven point one per- cent of cases were infected in multiple sites.CD4~+ T cells count was associated with the opportunistic infections.Conclusions The CD4~- T lymphocytes count is the key factor affecting the prognosis of AIDS patients with opportunistic infections.The average of CD4~+ T lymphocytes count is significant- ly related with the major opportunistic infections in AIDS paitents.

Objective To study the application of fusion of CT and MRI images in X-knife treatment for intracranial lesions.Methods Total 25 patients included:3 gliomas,3 acoustic neuroma,2 pituitary adenoma,one craniopharygioma to be remained or recurred postoperatily,2 pituitary micro-adenoma,5 AVM,4 cavernous angioma,3 metastatic tumour,one neoplasm located pituitary stem and midbrain respectively.Before the fusion of CT and MRI images MRI scan and CT scan for location of X-knife were performed respectively,then MR and CT image were transferred to workstation for the fusion of images.Results All lesions were showed clearly on fusional images and more nodules were observed in 3 metastatic tumour.Skull,soft tissue constructures and the profile of lesions were completely overlaped on overlaped images of CT and MR with an error less 1.0 mm.Conclusion CT and MRI images of head can be accurately registered.The images can show the radiologic informations more clearly than conventional CT image.It provides a safe,effective and little harmful method for X-knife treatment of intracranial lesions.

Objective To investigate the distribution,drug resistance characteristics and genotypes of extended-spectrum-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing strain in pathogenic gram-negative rod in infection of newborn in Guangzhou.Methods The standard was performed by the production for ESBLs by phenotypic screening and confirmatory test provided by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards in 2001.The method of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification was perbonmed and DNA sequences were analyzed by ESBLs gene sequencing.Results Total of 71 un-repicated and consecutive Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from 13 hospitals in Guangzhou,and the prevalence of ESBLs-producing clinical Gram-negative isolates was 59.2%(42/71).The PCR results showed that most pathogenic bacilli which infected newborn could be separated two or more genes of ESBLs.The type of TEM,SHV,CTX-M1,CTX-M9,OXA was 35.6%, 26.7% ,10.9%,24.8%,2.0%,respectively.The result of drug resistance monitoring showed that pathogenic gram-negative bacillui which infected newborn were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia mostly.Most parts of them were drug fast and even multidrug resistant to the commonly used antibiotics.The sensitive drugs were lmipenem(the rate of sensitivty 100%),cefoperazone/sulbactam(87.3%),piperacillin/tazbatam(85.3%),ceftazidime(82%),aztreonam(82%),cefepime(81.8%).Conclusions In Guangzhou,the incidence rate of ESBLs-producing strain are very high inpathogenic bacilli which infected in newborn and is multidrug resistance.The genetypes of produced ESBLs are TEM,SHV,CTX-M1,CTX-M9,OXA.

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and lymph node metastasis (LNM) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).VEGF-related articles that had been published until August 2016 were searched from the PubMed,EMBASE,and MEDLINE to identify the risk factors of LNM in PTC.RevMan 5.3 software was used for the meta-analysis.Finally,9 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in our meta-analysis.LNM was found to be present in 176 of 318 patients (57.8％) with high VEGF expression and in 71 of 159 patients (47.0％) with low VEGF expression.The overall OR was 2.81 (95％ confidence interval,1.49-5.29).LNM occurred more frequently in patients with high VEGF expression than in those with low VEGF expression (P=0.001).Heterogeneity was markedly decreased in the subgroup analyses of LNM in terms of the patients' country of origin and the detection methods.Our meta-analysis concluded that the VEGF protein expression is associated with LNM in PTC.

1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) is an important material for chemical industry, therefore, there is much interest in the production of 1,3-PD. The gene dhaT encoding 1, 3-propanediol dehydrogenase ( PDOR) of Citrobacter freundii was amplified by PCR. Sequence analysis of the similarity at the nucleotide and amino acid level between the gene encoding C. freundii PDOR and that of C. freundii ( U09771 ) were 78% and 90% , respectively. The recombinant plasmid pSE-dhaT was constructed by inserting dhaT gene into expression vector pSE380 and then transformed E. coli JM109. The recombinant strain was induced by IPTG to express dhaT. Further more the recombinant enzyme was purifed from recombinant E. coli by Ni-nitrilotriacetate affinity chromatography followed by Sephacral S-300 gel filtration. A single obvious protein about 42kDa could be obtained by the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of recombinant enzyme. The purified enzyme was used to determined enzyme property on the substrate of propionaldehyde and 1, 3-PD. The optimal temperature and optimal pH of the purified enzyme were 37℃, 8.0 for reduction and 25℃, 10. 5 for oxidation, respectively; and the kinetic property of PDOR about Km and V max were 10. 05mmol/L, 37. 27?mol/min/mg for propionaldehyde and 1. 28mmol/L, 25. 55?mol/min/mg for 1,3-PD, respectively; The deduced dhaT gene product (388 amino acids) showed a specific reduction activity of 49. 50U/mg and oxidation activity of 79. 92U/ mg. There also have a putative iron-binding motif ( G-XX-H-X-X-A-H-X-X-G-X-X-X-X-X-P-H-G) as a fingerprint pattern in the recombinant enzyme, the motif is fully conserved among these 1, 3-propanediol dehydrogenase. It is beneficial to the researches of high producing 1, 3-propanediol by gene engineering strain.

Lysostaphin is highly effective on eliminating methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In order to achieve controlled release of lysostaphin, a biocompatible drug carrier is needed. Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) composites were chosen to carry lysostaphin and sample composites with different weight ratios of HA to CS, including 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 40/60, were prepared. Multiple analyses were performed to determine the structural and physicochemical properties of the composites, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We immersed HA/CS composites loaded with 1 wt% lysostaphin to test in vitro release activity and cultured MC3T3-E1 cells to carry out biocompatibility test. The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. In biocompatibility testing, MC3T3-E1 cells were able to proliferate on the surface of these composites, and the extract liquid from the composites could increase the growth of the cells. These results demonstrate the controlled release of lysostaphin from HA/CS composites and their biocompatibility, suggesting the potential application of these composites to bone injury and infection applications.
3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Durapatite ; chemistry ; Lysostaphin ; pharmacology ; Materials Testing ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; X-Ray Diffraction