OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical rational use of curcumae rhizoma. METHODS:According to litera-ture retrieval,the chemical structures,ingredient and efficacy difference of curcumae rhizoma with different sources and difference processed products were summed up. According to literature retrieval,telephone consultation and network retrieval,the production status of products with different sources and difference processing and the application in clinic and preparations in Jiangsu province were analyzed. RESULTS:The volatile oil content was the highest in Curcuma wenyujin;curcumin content was the highest in Cur-cuma phaeocaulis;the contents of 4 main active ingredients(curdione,curcumol,germacrone and curcumin)were relatively lower in Curcuma kwangsiensis,and there were quite different ingredients in the C. kwangsiensis from different producing areas. Results of investigating the annual output of medicinal materials in Sichuan,Guangxi and Zhejiang in 2016 showed,the annual output of C. kwangsiensis was the highest,and C. wenyujin and C. phaeocaulis were relatively lower. In the investigated 14 manufacturers producing curcumae rhizoma oil in China,12 took C. wenyujin and 2 took C. phaeocaulis as raw material. While the 9 manufactur-ers in Jiangxi province mostly took C. wenyujin(locally produced)as raw material,which was not from the genuine producing ar-ea-Zhejiang province. In the 10 third-grade class-A TCM hospitals and 20 retail TCM pharmacies in Jiangsu province,the C. phaeo-caulis and C. kwangsiensis were mainly used,in which,the use proportion of C. kwangsiensis accounted for about 70%,and C. wenyujin used little in clinic. The main processed product in clinic was curcumae rhizoma processed by vinegar,and crude product was rarely used. CONCLUSIONS:Currently,the clinical use of curcumae rhizoma shows problems in narrow selection of pro-cessed products and uneven quality,which can be solved by cultivating fine varieties in producing areas,increasing the planting amount of C. phaeocaulis,drug regulatory authorities'strict rules for processed products of curcumae rhizoma in hospitals and re-tail pharmacies.