OBJECTIVE To study the effect of optimal decontamination methods on the management of implantation instruments of orthopedics.METHODS To clean the instruments by the Campany(control group) and by the nurse after hospital training(management group),and compare the decontamination quality of the two methods by visual inspection using magnifying glass.RESULTS The qualification rate of instruments of the management group was more than control group(P

AIM: To observe the expression of proteins induced by whole-body irradiation in mice with low dose X-rays and their biological activity. METHODS: To analyse the expression of protein induced by whole-body irradiation with 75mGy X-rays and sham-irradiation, the method of gel filtration with Sephadex G-100 and HPLC were used. The biological activity of protein expressed in thymocytes was observed by mouse splenocyte proliferation and chromosome aberration of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. RESULTS: HPLC analysis showed that there was a marked decrease in expression of 24.5 kD protein molecule in the fractions of thymocyte extract in comparison with the corresponding fractions from the sham-irradiated control mice. These protein fractions from the thymocytes of the irradiated mice at the concentration of 6.25 mg/L showed both inhibitory effect on normal T cell proliferation and protective effect on the chromosome damage induced by high dose radiation. CONCLUSION: Down regulation of 24.5 kD protein molecule expression may have implications in the mechanism of immunoenhancement and cytogenetic adaptive response induced by low dose radiation.

Since the teaching and research of sexual medicine in our country is conducted for not a long time,the available materials and information about it are not enough.In order to improve the quality of sexual medicine teaching and accumulate teaching experience,based on the teaching practice of sexual medicine in our school in the past,a brief summary and analysis about the teaching purpose,subject design,and the teaching method and effect of sexual medicine in our school are reviewed in the present article.

Introduction of problem-based learning (PBL) teaching is the demand of teaching reform.Teaching and research section of physiology in Chongqing medical university implemented PBL teaching throughout the whole process of clinical medicine undergraduate education.The overall quality of students and the teaching quality were improved by constructing a new mode suitable for physiology teaching,focusing on training students' active learning ability and stimulating students' enthusiasm for learning.

Objective In order to understand the content and effect of health education in military professional education, and provide the basis for the improvement of teaching.Methods Through the methods of quantitative and qualitative research, totally 113 students in the class of health education and health promotion were selected to conduct questionnaire survey between 2010 and 2014.Results Most students think it should be appropriate to increase the hours of work organization of basic level troops and epidemic prevention, which account for 68.14％ (n=77), increase the hours of health education practice, which account for 63.72％ (n=72).40.71％ (n=46) of the students think should be appropriate to reduce the communication in language art and skill teaching hours.Some students think that other contents are helpful to their work units except that environment and health are not helping to their own work units.For individuals, the contents are all useful for themselves, especially the health education practice, PPT production skills and material picture processing.Students are satisfied with the contents of health education.Conclusion In the future, we should increase the learning hours for health education, optimize the teaching content and strengthen the network construction to enhance the professional education teaching quality.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and changes in the disease spectrum of Air Force(AF) servicemen in order to provide reference for the determinatron of the overall level of health of AF and priorities of disease prevention and control.Methods The data of outpatient and inpatient diseases between 2009 and 2013 in AF was collected and analyzed statistically according to the International Classification of Diseases-9(ICD-9),and statistical description was performed with SPSS18.0.Results Between 2009 and 2013,unit B had the highest number of outpatients and inpatients,accounting for 47.74% and 39.64% respectively.The upper respiratory tract infections,gastroenteritis/gastritis,chronic low back pain,skin diseases,nasal sinusitis,training injury,trauma,hemorrhoids,varicocele and stone diseases were the common and frequently occurring diseases in AF,which were the top ten in the disease spectrum.Among them,the incidence and admission rate of skin diseases kept declining.However,the incidence of gastroenteritis/gastritis in unit A,the incidence and admission rate of chronic low back pain in unit B and D,the incidence of injury in unit D,as well as the incidence of neurological headache and hypertension in unit C and D were higher than in other units.Conclusion Respiratory system disease,and occupation-related diseases such as low back pain,training injuries,trauma,skin disease and digestive system disease are the focus of health care in AF.Health education and health promotion for these diseases should be improved,and health intervention for key populations should be enhanced.

Objective To investigate the effect of PTEN gene in the mouse uterus during embryo implantation.Methods Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(FQ-PCR) was used to detect PTEN mRNA expressed in the endometria of the nonpregnant mice and the late pregnant mice(day 1,day 3,day 4,day 5 and day 7),with 20 mice sacrificed at each fixed day.Out of another 20 3-day pregnant mice,ten received PTEN antisense oligonucleotide at the horn of uterus and ten received normal saline to count the blastocysts at pregnant day 8.Results The PTEN mRNA/?-actin mRNA in pregnant mice was higher than that of nonpregnant mice,gradually hoisted as days passed by,and reached the highest at pregnant day 5.The number of blastocysts in the mice that received PTEN antisense oligonucleotide was fewer than that received normal saline.Conclusion PTEN persistently expresses in mouse endometria during the early pregnancy and maybe participate in the regulation process of mouse blastodyst implantation.

Objective To investigate the isolation, purification and culture methods of human embryonic germ cells (EGCs) on feeder layer cells of human embryonic fibroblasts. Methods Primordial germ cells(PGCs) from the genital ridges of 6-11 weeks(post fertilization) human embryos were cultrued on feeder layer cells of human embryonic fibroblasts(HEFs) which were isolated from the 3-4 month embryos and routinely cultured for over 25 passages. The medium composed of growth factors and differentiation inhibitory factors. The cultures were analyzed with the expression of alkaline phosphatase, immunologic markers (SSEA-1,SSEA-4) and the transcription factor Oct-4 that have been used to routinely to characterize EGCS. Results A large-scale EG cells were obtained and meintained on feeder layers for over 8 passages. The cell surface marker showed that the EGCs possess high levels of AP activity. EGCs colonies stained strongly for SSEA-4,SSEA-1 and they expressed the transcription factor Oct-4.Conclusion EGCs have potential to maintain long term proliferation and undifferentiation state on human embryonic fibroblasts in vitro.;

Objective: To observe the preventive effect of alkaline drinking water on hyperuricemia in mice. Methods: Sixty male SPF Kunming mice were randomly divided into six groups: pH 7.3, pH 8.0, pH 9.3 intervention groups, in which the mice were given water with pH values of 7.3±0.5, 8.0±0.5 and 9.3±0.6, respectively; the control group, model group and positive drug group ( with 2 g/L allopurinol ) were given double distilled water. Except for the control group, the mice in each group were given yeast by gavage (1.5 g/mL) for 13 days. On the 14th day, the mice were injected with 300 mg/kg potassium oxyzinate by intraperitoneal injection, and then fasted for 1 day. On the 16th day, serum uric acid, creatinine and urea nitrogen were detected, and renal tissues were stained to observe the morphology.The expression levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin ( NGAL ), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1( TIMP1 ), organic anion transporter 1 ( OAT1 ) and urate transporter 1 ( URAL-1 ) in renal tissues were determined bywestern blotting. The mRNA expression levels of URAL-1 and OAT1 were detected by real-time fluorescent quantita⁃tive polymerase chain reaction. Results: The level of serum uric acid was higher in the model group than in the control group and in the pH 9.3 intervention group (both P<0.05). The number and area of renal tubular lesions were less in the pH 9.3 intervention group than in the model group (all P<0.05). The relative expression levels of NGAL and URAT-1 proteins were lower in the pH 9.3 intervention group than in the model group, and the relative expression level of OAT1 protein was higher in the pH 9.3 intervention group than in the model group ( all P<0.05). The relativeexpression level of URAT-1 mRNA was lower in the pH 9.3 intervention group than in the model group, and the rela⁃tive expression level of OAT1 mRNA was higher in the pH 9.3 intervention group than in the model group ( all P<0.05 ). Conclusion Alkaline drinking water with pH value of 9.3±0.6 can effectively prevent hyperuricemia and acute kidney injury in mice.

OBJECTIVEThe molecular targets of ginsenoside Rg1-induced neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiation were screened by genechip.

METHOD7th day following ginsenoside Rg1 induced human neural stem cells to neurons the gene expression was observed by genechip. The purpose gene and signal transduction pathways were selected by the data calculations, and then confirmed by western blot and immunohistochemical method.

RESULT7th day following Rg1-induced NSCs differentiation, there were about 675 different genes, 255 genes of which were up-regulated and 420 genes down-regulated obviously. Meanwhile the ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase) in MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway was related with the NSCs differentiation. The Western blot and immunohistochemistry detection confirmed that ERK 1/2 protein and its phosphorylation were significantly increased, which can be blocked by PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor). In addition, differentiation rate of NSCs was also decreased obviously in ginsenoside Rg1-induced differentiated NSCs when ERK blocker PD98059 was used.

CONCLUSIONERK1/2 is an important molecular target in ginsenoside Rg1-induced NSC differentiation. The selected differentially expressed genes by genechip may provide new clues to study of ginsenoside Rg1-induced NSCs differentiation.

Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Line ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; drug effects ; genetics ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Time Factors