Objective To explore the protective effect of nicorandil combined with rosuvastatin on myocardial tissue in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods A total of 68 patients with coronary heart diseases (CHD) who underwent PCI were randomly divided into control group (36 cases) and treatment group (32 cases).The control group was treated with rosuvastatin 10 mg once daily for 3 d before PCI.The treatment group was given nicorandil 5 mg three times daily for 3 d before PCI on the basis of control group.Levels of serum high-sensitive troponin T (hs-cTnT),high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10)were measured before PCI and 24,48 h after PCI.Results The markedly effective rates in treatment group and control group were 78.13％ (25/32),52.78％ (19/36),with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Before PCI,the levels of hs-cTnT in the treatment group and control group were (36.56 ± 15.35),(30.29 ± 13.67) pg · mL-1,hs-CRP were (3.67 ± 1.24),(3.53 ± 1.32) mg · L-1,TNF-α were (6.54 ± 2.42),(6.76 ±2.15)pg · mL-1,IL-10 were(6.87 ± 1.92),(7.02 ± 1.85)pg · mL-1.At 24 h after PCI,the levels of hs-cTnTwere(71.25 ± 17.87),(82.65 ± 18.34)pg · mL-1,hs-CRP were(9.48 ±2.35),(13.56 ±3.52) mg · L-1,TNF-α were(8.72 ± 2.26),(10.65 ± 3.16) pg· mL-1,IL-10 were (13.55 ± 4.51),(11.21 ± 3.54) pg · mL-1 At 48 h after PCI,the levels of hs-cTnT were(60.56 ± 15.64),(73.54 ± 16.51)pg · mL-1,hs-CRP were(6.62±1.98),(10.24±2.84)mg· L-1,TNF-α were(7.56±1.86),(8.86±1.95)pg· mL-1,IL-10 were(11.16 ± 3.28),(9.76 ± 3.11) pg · mL-1,and the differences of all the parameters above between the two groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).No adverse drug reactions were found in both groups.Conclusion Nicorandil combined with rosuvastatin before PCI is able to reduce inflammatory factors,improve the level of IL-10 and alleviate myocardial injury,with high safety profile.

The relationship between the levels of renalase and changes in proteinuria,hypertension,renal function,renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression was investigated in patients (chronic nephritis,primary nephrotic syndrome or other kidney disease) that underwent renal biopsy.The study group comprised 72 patients undergoing renal biopsy.Patient profiles and renal function were collected.Concentrations of renalase and Bcl-2 were measured by immunohistochemistry.Tubular injury was detected by periodic acid Schiff staining (PAS) and renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay.The expression of renalase was significantly lower in renal biopsy specimens than in normal kidney tissues.There was a positive linear relationship between renalase and some serum and cardiac indices;a negative correlation was found between age,eGFR,Ccr and 24-h urinary protein.Renal tubule injury index and tubular epithelial cell apoptosis index showed a negative linear correlation with renalase.The results showed that renalase probably increased the expression of Bcl-2.By two independent samples t-test,renalase levels were significantly increased in the non-hypertension group than in the hypertension group.One-way ANOVA showed that renalase expression was higher in samples with Lee's grade Ⅲ than in those with Lee's grade V.The expression of renalase was significantly decreased in patients who underwent renal biopsy,and was also associated with blood and renal function.The research proved that renalase may reduce renal tubular injury and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway,finally achieving the purpose of delaying the progress of renal failure.

Based on mass spectrometry(MS)-guided separation strategy, compound 1 was obtained from the roots of Rhus chinensis. By comprehensive analysis of high resolution-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) data, and quantum chemical calculation of NMR(qcc-NMR) parameters, compound 1 was elucidated as rhuslactone, a 17-epi-dammarane triterpenoid with a rare 17α-side chain. An HPLC-ELSD method for its quantification in R. chinensis was established and adopted for the quantification of rhuslactone in different batches of R. chinensis. Rhuslactone displayed a good linear relationship within the range of 0.021 3-1.07 μmol·mL~(-1 )(r=0.997 6), and the average recovery was 99.34% [relative standard deviation(RSD) 2.9%). Moreover, the results of the evaluation test of the preventive effects of rhusalctone on coronary heart disease(CHD) and thrombosis showed that rhuslactone(0.11 nmol·mL~(-1)) significantly alleviated heart enlargement and venous congestion and increased cardiac output(CO), blood flow velocity(BFV), and heart rate, thereby reducing thrombus formation in zebrafish with CHD. The effects of rhuslactone on CO and BFV were superior to that of digoxin(1.02 nmol·mL~(-1)), and its effect on improving heart rate was comparable to that of digoxin. This study provides experimental references for the isolation, identification, quality control, and application of rhuslactone from R. chinensis against CHD. It is worth mentioning that this study has discussed some omissions in the determination of the stereochemistry of C-17 in dammarane triterpenoids in the present coursebook Chemistry of Chinese Medicine and some research papers, that is, the compound may be 17-epi-dammarane triterpenoid. This paper has also proposed steps for the establishment of C-17 stereochemistry.
Animals ; Zebrafish ; Rhus/chemistry* ; Triterpenes/analysis* ; Coronary Disease ; Thrombosis

Patrinia villosa, regarding its functions in clearing heat and detoxification and eliminating carbuncles and pus, is widely used as a traditional medicinal herb that contains rich nutrition and substances such as various amino acids, vitamins, and soluble su-gar, and it is also an edible wild herb in Chinese folk tradition for 2 000 years. In 1973, Japanese scholars firstly separated three iridoids from Japanese P. villosa, and by 2021, chemical components such as flavonoids, iridoids, organic acids, triterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and steroids have been found, which have multiple pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, antitumor, anti-diarrhea, antibacterial, sedative, and liver protection capabilities. Studies indicate that flavonoids, saponins, phenylpropanoids, and triterpenoids in P. villosa are vital substances for its pharmacological activities. However, the quality of this medicinal material cannot be controlled due to the unclear records in ancient books in the past dynasties and different drug use habits in different places, and thus its circulation is chaotic. At present, researchers have used flavonoids, organic acids, phenylpropanoids, triterpenoid saponins, and other compounds to conduct studies in this regard. Therefore, on the basis of the existing literature resources, we comprehensively summarize the chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and quality control of P. villosa to further provide a reference for the safety and effectiveness of clinical drug use and lay a foundation for the follow-up experimental research.
Patrinia/chemistry* ; Flavonoids/pharmacology* ; Saponins ; Triterpenes/pharmacology* ; Iridoids ; Quality Control