Objective To investigate the set-up errors of super and middle part of esophageal cancer patients using cone-beam CT (CBCT) during intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT),hence determine various margins from CTV to PTV.The corresponding influence on the normal tissues (lung and spinal cord) was also discussed.Methods From December 2012 to December 2013,12 patients with upper and middle segment of esophageal cancer were chosen.Using their 60 sets of weekly acquired CBCT images prior to the treatment,the lateral,longitudinal,and vertical set-up errors of each patient were obtained.Based on these measured errors and the target motions,we adopted new margins to create new PTV.Then IMRT plans were created for the original PTV (5 mm margin in all directions on CTV) and new PTV respectively.On condition of the same target coverage (V95 ≥ 95％),the doses to lungs (V5,V20,V30,D) and spinal cord (D1 cm3) were compared statistically between the original and new plans.Results According to the 60 CBCT scans,the average left-right (RL),superior-inferior (SI),anterior-posterior (AP) set-up errors were (2.02 ± 1.74),(2.03 ± 1.93),and (2.02 ± 1.89) mm respectively.The margins were 5.6 mm (RL),8.5 mm (SI),and 4.7 mm (AP) for the upper esophagus and 6.2 mm (RL),11 mm (SI),and 5.0 mm (AP) for the middle esophagus.Comparison of both lungs and spinal cord suggested significant differences between the two plans (t =-8.23,-5.55,-4.66,-6.87,-4.67,P ＜0.05).Conclusions The margins from CTV to PTV should be created via CBCT-measured set-up errors and previous reports,which can be helpful for clinical treatment.

Objective To explore the association between C reactive protein (CRP)with prostatic cancer (PCa)and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods Retrospective analysis the 110 patients of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University In January 2010 to August 2012 whose TPSA>4 ng/ml,postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of 54 cases of prostate cancer,5 6 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Detected serum CRP levels by using transmission turbidim-etry and TPSA levels by using chemiluminescence immunoassay of 54 PCa and 56 BPH patients.According to the Gleason score,PCa patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk PCa two groups,the differences among high-risk PCa,low-risk PCa and BPH groups were analyzed by nonparametric statistics analysis.Results The CRP level of high-risk PCa was 4.20~2.12 mg/L,the CRP level of low-risk PCa was 1.90~0.91 mg/L and the CRP levels in BNP patients was 1.49±0.87 mg/L,the high-risk and low-risk PCa serum CRP level obviously higher than that of patients with BPH,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Serum CRP levels of PCa patients were increased significantly,espe-cially in high-risk PCa patients.

Objective To study the pathogenesis of pathogens of sexually transmitted disease (STD) in acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Methods Neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trchomatis, ureaplasma urealyticum were cutured respectively in 130 patients with acute PID Results The pathogens of STD had been found in 55 patients The detective rate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was 6 9% (9/130), about half of them were mixed infection; the detective rate of chlamydia trachomatis was 4 6% (6/130), all of them were mixed infection; the positive percentage of ureaplasma urealyticum was 37 7% (49/130), one third of them were mixed infection Conclusion The pathogens of STD might cause acute PID or only play a synergetic role in it

Objective To observe the in vitro damage to hairs by Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ), and to compare the differences in the duration needed for the two fungi to damage hairs in different age groups. Methods We collected healthy hairs from different age groups, and performed hair perforation test in vitro. The damage to the hairs was observed by SEM and light microscopy. Results Both T. mentagrophytes and M. canis could damage the hairs. The duration needed for T. mentagrophytes to damage the hairs was significantly shorter than that for M. canis in all age groups ( P

Objective:To study the relationship between gingival thickness(GT)and the underlying alveolar bone thickness(BT)in maxillary anterior region and the distance from cemento-enamel junction(CEJ)to alveolar crest.Methods:30 young volunteers with healthy gingiva were included.GT was measured at 2mm below the CEJ,buccal BT were measured at 3 locations:2,4 and 6 mm below the alveolar crest respectively,the distance from CEJ to alveolar crest were measured by CBCT and clinical direct measure respectively. Results:The correlation coefficient (r)values between GT and BT at 2,4 and 6 mm below alveolar crest were 0.493,0.383 and 0.342 (P <0.001 )respectively,the r value between GT and the distance from CEJ to alveolar crest was -0.21 3(P <0.01 ).No statistically significant difference was observed between CBCT and clinical measurements(t =-0.521 ,P =0.603).Conclusion:There is positive correlation between GT and BT at 2,4 and 6 mm below alveolar crest and negative relation between GT and the distance from CEJ to alveolar crest.

Objective To verify the efficiency and stability of hydrogen-rich water preparation with hydrogen-rich rods. Methods ①Seven firenew hydrogen-rich rods were separately placed in seven plastic bottles, each filled with distilled water and soaked for 6 h, before the hydrogen concentration of the water was measured.This process was repeated 10 times.②After the hydrogen-rich rods with the strongest and weakest hydrogen product capacity were removed, the remaining 5 hydrogen-rich rods were placed separately into 5 plastic bottles filled with distilled water,put in a water bath pot at 20,40 and 60℃, respectively, and kept for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h, respectively.Then, the hydrogen concentration, oxidation-reduction potential(ORP),and dissolved oxygen concentration(DO) were measured at various time points.③In order to determine the hydrogen emission rate from the hydrogen-rich water, the hydrogen-rich rods were constantly kept in some samples and the others were removed.All the sample bottle caps were kept open during the experimental process, and the hydrogen concentration was measured at such time points as 0, 10 and 30 min, 1, 2, 5, 12, 24, 30, 48 and 72 h, respectively.Results ①The hydrogen-rich rods used in this study could well meet the requirements.②When the environment temperature was kept constant, the hydrogen concentration of the water was increased with the soaking time of the hydrogen-rich rods, and the ORP of the water was reduced.However, the DO of the water was decreased with the rise of the environment temperature.③When the hydrogen-rich water was kept in opened plastic bottles with a 25 mm oral diameter, the hydrogen concentration of the samples with the hydrogen-rich rods reserved was almost about 0.50 ppm until 72 h, and that of the others was reduced to almost 0 ppm.Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the hydrogen-rich rods test is a simple and effective method for preparing hydrogen-rich water, which will be an valuable and useful method for using hydrogen-rich water in health promotion and prevention of chronic diseases.

Amyloidosis ; pathology ; Female ; Gadolinium ; Heart Diseases ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardium ; pathology

BACKGROUND:Medical stuff have significant impacts on the development of organ donation and transplantation, however, medical students present insufficient knowledge and ambivalent attitude towards organ donation and transplantation. OBJECTIVE:To perform a systemic review on the effectiveness of educational program intervention on medical students’ knowledge and attitudes toward organ donation and transplantation. METHODS:PubMed, WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY, ProQuest Health, Medline, EMbase, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases were ful y searched for the published literature of medical students receiving an educational program intervention on organ donation and transplantation. According to the inclusion criteria, randomized control ed trials and quasi-experimental study were evaluated with the standard of Joanna Briggs Institute. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) framework was used to guide the assessment of the methodological quality of the studies. The outcomes were mainly medical students’ knowledge and attitudes toward organ donation and transplantation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Eight studies from three countries were summarized. The methods were employed in two studies of randomized control ed trials and quasi-experiment received a high quality rating, five studies received middle quality rating and one study received low quality rating. Educational program increased the knowledge in six studies, and changed the attitudes in six studies. Educational program intervention is a significant strategy to increase medical student’s knowledge about organ donation and transplantation. The majority of involved study are
quasi-experiment study, so more high-quality randomized control ed studies are needed.

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate word recognition abilities in 4-talker babble noise (BN) in children with normal hearing (NH), and to explore the lexical effects, age on speech recognition ability in children.Methods Children of 3~6 years old with normal hearing (N=212)were participated in this study.One hundred and twenty-four children were performed under the quiet conditions,while 88 were performed in 4-talker babble noise.The standard-Chinese version of the lexical neighborhood test was used to assess spoken word recognition performance.The speech level was 70 dB SPL, and signal to noise ratio (SNR) was chosen 4 dB in BN.Results The correct scores of the NH children in quiet for the DE, DH, ME, and MH words were 96.45%±5.17%, 88.87%±7.73%, 91.90%±7.31% and 82.38%±7.95%, while the scores in BN were 85.34%±11.23%, 66.42%±11.08%, 68.81%±15.99% and 48.58%±12.81%, respectively.The word-recognition performance in BN was significantly poorer than that in quiet.The word recognition scores showed that the lexical effects were significant in the BN (P<0.05).Children scored higher with dissyllabic words than with monosyllabic words;easy words scored higher than hard words in both quiet and noisy environments.The word-recognition performance also increased with age in each lexical category in the 3-to 6-year-old NH children.Conclusion Age and lexical characteristics of words had significant influences on the performance of Mandarin-Chinese word recognition in BN.The lexical effects were more noticeable under noise listening conditions than in quiet.The word-recognition performance in noise increased with age in NH children of 3-to 6-years old in noise and had not reached adult-like performance at 6 years of age.

0.99.The quantitive restriction was 0.1 ?g/mL,the recovery rate was over 70%.The RSD of intra-and inter-day was less than 15%.The pharmacokinetic parameters of flavonoids were different from each other after ig and iv administration.The absolute bioavailability of flavonoids were 12.9%,10.8%,2.2%,10.2% and 5.9%,respectively.Conclusion The method is sensitive,specific,accurate,and is not only useful for guiding the bioavailability study on the corolla of A. manihot,but also for establishing a reasonable clinical dosage program.The four flavonols in the corolla of A.manihot can be rapidly distributed and eliminated in rats,the pharmacokinetics of two routes of administration are different.A novel integrated pharmacokinetic approach to describing the holistic pharmacokinetic properties of Chinese materia medica has been successfully developed and validated using four flavonols of A.manihot as a model herbal medicine.This study would be a new try for guiding the holistic pharmacokinetic study in consistence with the intrinsic theory and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine.