In this study, we investigated the effect of different values of intra-abdominal pressure on bacterial translocation. Twenty-four Wistar-Albino rats were divided into four groups. The animals belonging to the Control group were not subjected to any increased intra-abdominal pressure. In groups I, II and III, an intra-abdominal pressure of 14, 20, and 25 mmHg, respectively, was established by carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum for a period of 60 minutes. Four hours after the pneumoperitoneum, all animals were sacrificed to evaluate the degree of bacterial translocation at this time. Liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes were excised under sterile conditions. Bacterial growth was assessed using standard bacteriological techniques and compared statistically. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for the statistical analysis. Different amounts of bacterial growth were found in all of the animals subjected to increased intra-abdominal pressure, except for the controls. Bacterial translocation was detected at an intra-abdominal pressure of 14 mmHg but this finding was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). There was a significant increase in bacterial growth in animals subjected to an intra- abdominal pressure of 20 mmHg or above (p < 0.001). As a result, we found that bacterial translocation started when the intra-abdominal pressure reached a level of 14 mmHg. Patients should be closely monitored for septic complication risks following laparoscopic procedures in which the intra-abdominal pressure exceeds 20 mmHg.
Abdomen ; Animals ; *Bacterial Translocation ; Carbon Dioxide ; Laparoscopy/*adverse effects ; Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial/adverse effects ; Pressure ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Splanchnic Circulation

BACKGROUND: Visfatin is an adipokine produced by visceral adipose tissue and has insulin-mimicking effects. Fetuin-A is a hepatic secretory protein that binds the insulin receptor and inhibits insulin action both in vivo and in vitro. The authors of the present study aimed to investigate the levels of serum visfatin and fetuin-A and their correlation with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and urine albumin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: A total of 40 obese patients with T2DM (11 males and 29 females; age, 54.47+/-10.83 years and 23 obese nondiabetic controls (8 males and 15 females; age, 53.04+/-11.33 years) were included in the study. Age, sex, and body mass index were similar in the 2 groups. Serum visfatin and fetuin-A levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HbA1c and urine albumin levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography and nephelometric method, respectively. RESULTS: Serum levels of visfatin in patients with T2DM (4.03+/-2.44 ng/mL) were similar to the control group (3.65+/-3.02 ng/mL). Serum fetuin-A levels were significantly lower in patients with T2DM than the controls (298.75+/-78.86 and 430.73+/-94.46 microg/mL, respectively). HbA1c levels were significantly higher in the T2DM group compared with controls (7.33+/-1.32 and 5.44+/-0.84%, respectively). Correlations between visfatin, fetuin-A and HbA1c levels were not observed. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests fetuin-A may play a role in the pathogenesis of T2DM.
Adipokines ; Albuminuria ; alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein ; Body Mass Index ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Insulin ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Male ; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ; Receptor, Insulin