PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify an adequate chest compression site with measurement of the sternal length of young Korean adults. METHODS: We measured the distance from the suprasternal notch to the lower end of the sternum by palpation and width of heel above the carpal bone end 1 cm (H1), 2 cm (H2) in young Korean adults. We also measured weight, height, and BMI of participants. We then compared correlation of each collected variant to sternal length and heel length. RESULTS: A total of 200 young adults (100 men, 100 women) were enrolled. In measurement of the mean sternal length (SL), no difference was observed between men (19.9 cm) and women (19.6 cm) (p<0.05). However, height, weight, and BMI showed positive correlation with SL (R2 value, BMI=6.7, height=9.2, weight=10.4). After participants were divided into four groups based on gender and mean height, we calculated mean H2 and SL/2 of each group. The mean H2 and SL/2 of the group composed of men above mean height was 8.5 cm and 10.2 cm. The same value for the group of men below mean height was 8.5 cm and 9.7 cm. The mean H2 and SL/2 of the group composed of women above mean height was 7.5 cm and 10.1 cm. The same values for the group of women below mean height were 7.3 cm and 9.6 cm. The mean SL/2 was always higher than the mean H2 in different height groups. CONCLUSION: Compression just above the lower end of the sternum by heel on the hand is appropriate in men. In contrast, when performing chest compression in women, chest compression at the level of the sternum away from the width of the index finger of the sternal end is recommended.
Adult* ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Carpal Bones ; Female ; Fingers ; Hand ; Heel ; Humans ; Male ; Palpation ; Sternum ; Thorax* ; Young Adult

Purpose: Nurses’ burnout is at risk due to increased of respiratory infections and their high demand and expectations. This study aimed to identify the factors that influence burnout among nurses caring for patients with respiratory infections. Methods: A total of 196 nurses caring for patients with respiratory infections from nine hospitals in Korea participated in this study. Data were collected through a structured, self-administered survey that included general characteristics, risk perception of respiratory infections, infection control fatigue, positive psychological capital, and burnout. Results: Burnout was significantly positively correlated with infection control fatigue and significantly negatively correlated with positive psychological capital; burnout was not significantly related to risk perception of respiratory infections. Infection control fatigue, positive psychological capital and total career significantly influenced burnout. These variables accounted for 38% of the burnout among nurses caring for patients with respiratory infections. Conclusion Evidence-based guidelines are needed to support the ability of nurses with little experience in responding to infectious diseases and reducing infection control fatigue and providing effective educational programs at institutions that can improve the positive psychological capital of individual nurses.

This comprehensive review explores the broad landscape of brain–computer interface (BCI) technology and its potential use in intensive care units (ICUs), particularly for patients with motor impairments such as quadriplegia or severe brain injury. By employing brain signals from various sensing techniques, BCIs offer enhanced communication and motor rehabilitation strategies for patients. This review underscores the concept and efficacy of noninvasive, electroencephalogram-based BCIs in facilitating both communicative interactions and motor function recovery. Additionally, it highlights the current research gap in intuitive “stop” mechanisms within motor rehabilitation protocols, emphasizing the need for advancements that prioritize patient safety and individualized responsiveness. Furthermore, it advocates for more focused research that considers the unique requirements of ICU environments to address the challenges arising from patient variability, fatigue, and limited applicability of current BCI systems outside of experimental settings.

This comprehensive review explores the broad landscape of brain–computer interface (BCI) technology and its potential use in intensive care units (ICUs), particularly for patients with motor impairments such as quadriplegia or severe brain injury. By employing brain signals from various sensing techniques, BCIs offer enhanced communication and motor rehabilitation strategies for patients. This review underscores the concept and efficacy of noninvasive, electroencephalogram-based BCIs in facilitating both communicative interactions and motor function recovery. Additionally, it highlights the current research gap in intuitive “stop” mechanisms within motor rehabilitation protocols, emphasizing the need for advancements that prioritize patient safety and individualized responsiveness. Furthermore, it advocates for more focused research that considers the unique requirements of ICU environments to address the challenges arising from patient variability, fatigue, and limited applicability of current BCI systems outside of experimental settings.

This comprehensive review explores the broad landscape of brain–computer interface (BCI) technology and its potential use in intensive care units (ICUs), particularly for patients with motor impairments such as quadriplegia or severe brain injury. By employing brain signals from various sensing techniques, BCIs offer enhanced communication and motor rehabilitation strategies for patients. This review underscores the concept and efficacy of noninvasive, electroencephalogram-based BCIs in facilitating both communicative interactions and motor function recovery. Additionally, it highlights the current research gap in intuitive “stop” mechanisms within motor rehabilitation protocols, emphasizing the need for advancements that prioritize patient safety and individualized responsiveness. Furthermore, it advocates for more focused research that considers the unique requirements of ICU environments to address the challenges arising from patient variability, fatigue, and limited applicability of current BCI systems outside of experimental settings.

This comprehensive review explores the broad landscape of brain–computer interface (BCI) technology and its potential use in intensive care units (ICUs), particularly for patients with motor impairments such as quadriplegia or severe brain injury. By employing brain signals from various sensing techniques, BCIs offer enhanced communication and motor rehabilitation strategies for patients. This review underscores the concept and efficacy of noninvasive, electroencephalogram-based BCIs in facilitating both communicative interactions and motor function recovery. Additionally, it highlights the current research gap in intuitive “stop” mechanisms within motor rehabilitation protocols, emphasizing the need for advancements that prioritize patient safety and individualized responsiveness. Furthermore, it advocates for more focused research that considers the unique requirements of ICU environments to address the challenges arising from patient variability, fatigue, and limited applicability of current BCI systems outside of experimental settings.

Background: Some working conditions may pose a higher physical or psychological demand to pregnant women leading to increased risks of pregnancy complications. Objectives: We assessed the association of woman's employment status and the industrial classification with obstetric complications. Methods: We conducted a national population study using the National Health Information Service database of Republic of Korea. Our analysis encompassed 1,316,310 women who experienced first-order live births in 2010–2019. We collected data on the employment status and the industrial classification of women, as well as their diagnoses of preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) classified as A1 (well controlled by diet) or A2 (requiring medication). We calculated odds ratios (aORs) of complications per employment, and each industrial classification was adjusted for individual risk factors. Results: Most (64.7%) were in employment during pregnancy. Manufacturing (16.4%) and the health and social (16.2%) work represented the most prevalent industries. The health and social work exhibited a higher risk of PE (aOR = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.21), while the manufacturing industry demonstrated a higher risk of class A2 GDM (1.20, 95% CI: 1.03–1.41) than financial intermediation. When analyzing both classes of GDM, women who worked in public administration and defense/social security showed higher risk of class A1 GDM (1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.07). When comparing high-risk industries with nonemployment, the health and social work showed a comparable risk of PE (1.02, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.07). Conclusion Employment was associated with overall lower risks of obstetric complications. Health and social service work can counteract the healthy worker effect in relation to PE. This highlights the importance of further elucidating specific occupational risk factors within the high-risk industries.

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed at finding out the exposure level of bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine disruptor, in relation to dietary factors using a data representing the Korean general population. METHODS: This study was performed on 5402 adults aged 19 years and older based on the Second Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS 2012–2014). The data analyzed urinary BPA concentration in relation to socio-demographic variables, health behavior-related variables, and dietary factor-related variables. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated through a logistic regression analysis after dividing the participants into high BPA exposure group and low BPA exposure group based on the top 75 percentile concentration. The logistic regression analysis was carried out considering the appropriate sample weight, stratification, and clustering of the second KoNEHS sample design. RESULTS: The group drinking bottled water at home and the group using zip-top bags/plastic bags showed significantly higher urinary BPA concentration in female. OR tends to increase as the intake frequency of frozen food increased and OR of frozen food consumption of more than once a week was 1.48 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–2.24) for male and the group drinking bottled water showed significantly higher OR of 1.45 (95% CI 1.06–2.17) after adjusting the related factors for female. CONCLUSIONS: BPA levels were high in female using bottled water and in male consuming frozen food, and therefore bottled water and frozen food need to be avoided to reduce BPA levels.
Adult ; Drinking ; Drinking Water ; Environmental Health* ; Female ; Frozen Foods ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an uncommon autosomal dominant disorder resulting in vascular malformation, such as pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM). Here, we report a rare case of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation caused by HHT in a hemodialysis (HD) patient. A 34-year-old man receiving maintenance HD via radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula developed progressive dyspnea without definite pulmonary edema. His mother had been diagnosed with HHT. He had experienced multiple episodes of epistaxis and had been intermittently treated with blood transfusions because of severe anemia. Blood gas analysis showed hypoxia. Chest computed tomography revealed multiple dilated vessels of variable sizes, continuous with the pulmonary artery throughout both lung fields, consistent with PAVM. After treating pulmonary artery embolization at the largest PAVM, he recovered from his dyspnea symptoms and hypoxia.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an uncommon autosomal dominant disorder resulting in vascular malformation, such as pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM). Here, we report a rare case of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation caused by HHT in a hemodialysis (HD) patient. A 34-year-old man receiving maintenance HD via radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula developed progressive dyspnea without definite pulmonary edema. His mother had been diagnosed with HHT. He had experienced multiple episodes of epistaxis and had been intermittently treated with blood transfusions because of severe anemia. Blood gas analysis showed hypoxia. Chest computed tomography revealed multiple dilated vessels of variable sizes, continuous with the pulmonary artery throughout both lung fields, consistent with PAVM. After treating pulmonary artery embolization at the largest PAVM, he recovered from his dyspnea symptoms and hypoxia.