Purpose: This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect size of anxiety and psychological outcomes of virtual reality interventions in patients with anxiety disorders. Methods: A total of 835 studies were initially identified, of which six were found to be suitable according to the PICO (P: Patients with social phobia, I: VR technology, C: non VR technology, O: Variables related to mental health). criteria. Results: An analysis of the effect size of these studies confirmed that virtual reality interventions were not statistically significantly effective for generalized anxiety disorder (standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]=-0.84 to 1.15), but exhibited statistically significant effects for social anxiety (SMD=-0.56, 95% CI=-0.87 to -0.25) disorder and relational anxiety disorder (SMD -0.83, 95% CI=-1.49 to -0.16). Although these interventions were not statistically significantly effective for depression (SMD=-0.40, 95% CI=-0.84 to 0.04), they were effective in reducing negative emotions (SMD=-0.75, 95% CI=-1.20 to -0.31). Conclusion Virtual reality interventions based on the desensitization effect may be considered a viable option for reducing anxiety disorders.

Purpose: This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect size of anxiety and psychological outcomes of virtual reality interventions in patients with anxiety disorders. Methods: A total of 835 studies were initially identified, of which six were found to be suitable according to the PICO (P: Patients with social phobia, I: VR technology, C: non VR technology, O: Variables related to mental health). criteria. Results: An analysis of the effect size of these studies confirmed that virtual reality interventions were not statistically significantly effective for generalized anxiety disorder (standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]=-0.84 to 1.15), but exhibited statistically significant effects for social anxiety (SMD=-0.56, 95% CI=-0.87 to -0.25) disorder and relational anxiety disorder (SMD -0.83, 95% CI=-1.49 to -0.16). Although these interventions were not statistically significantly effective for depression (SMD=-0.40, 95% CI=-0.84 to 0.04), they were effective in reducing negative emotions (SMD=-0.75, 95% CI=-1.20 to -0.31). Conclusion Virtual reality interventions based on the desensitization effect may be considered a viable option for reducing anxiety disorders.

Purpose: This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect size of anxiety and psychological outcomes of virtual reality interventions in patients with anxiety disorders. Methods: A total of 835 studies were initially identified, of which six were found to be suitable according to the PICO (P: Patients with social phobia, I: VR technology, C: non VR technology, O: Variables related to mental health). criteria. Results: An analysis of the effect size of these studies confirmed that virtual reality interventions were not statistically significantly effective for generalized anxiety disorder (standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]=-0.84 to 1.15), but exhibited statistically significant effects for social anxiety (SMD=-0.56, 95% CI=-0.87 to -0.25) disorder and relational anxiety disorder (SMD -0.83, 95% CI=-1.49 to -0.16). Although these interventions were not statistically significantly effective for depression (SMD=-0.40, 95% CI=-0.84 to 0.04), they were effective in reducing negative emotions (SMD=-0.75, 95% CI=-1.20 to -0.31). Conclusion Virtual reality interventions based on the desensitization effect may be considered a viable option for reducing anxiety disorders.

In the patient with extensive burn injury, the occult site of infection such as septic arthritis is easy to be overlooked because a painful hip joint may be confused for painful burn wounds around pelvic area. We describe a extensive burned young adult who experienced a septic hip joint with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia A 22 year old male who had full thickness burns of whole body (90%) presented with fever, groin pain, and immobility of right hip joint about 3 months after injury. The physical findings, radiographic findings and bone scan were diagnostic for a septic arthritis. Septic arthritis in the extensive burns may be misdiagnosed for painful burn wounds. Hematogenous septic hip arthritis by sustained bacteremia is rare, but clinical examination combined with appropriate laboratory and radiographic studies can lead to prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Arthritis ; Arthritis, Infectious ; Bacteremia ; Burns ; Fever ; Groin ; Hip ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Male ; Methicillin Resistance ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of laughter therapy on depression, anxiety, fatigue, and quality of sleep in gastrointestinal cancer survivors. METHODS: This study was a randomized controlled trial. We compared the effect of laughter therapy with usual care only in post chemotherapy gastrointestinal patients. Outcomes included changes in depression and anxiety (according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), fatigue (according to the Fatigue Severity Scale), and quality of sleep (according to the Verran & Synder-Halpern Sleep Scale). Data was collected July 2015 through January 2016. Seventy nine participants who agreed to participate in this study were randomized to either the experimental group (n=40) or the control group (n=39). Therapy included eight sessions (60 minutes each, once weekly). Data were analyzed using the Windows SPSS 22.0 program. RESULTS: Laughter therapy was effective in reducing fatigue (p=.019) and increasing satisfaction of sleep (p=.030). There were no differences between the groups after therapy for depression (p=.129) and anxiety (p=.200). CONCLUSION: Results of this study indicate that laughter therapy may be an effective nursing intervention for improving the health status of gastrointestinal cancer survivors after chemotherapy.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Drug Therapy ; Fatigue ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Laughter Therapy ; Laughter ; Nursing ; Survivors

Objectives: We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to investigate the therapeutic effects of mindfulnessbased interventions on depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder. Methods: In February 2021, we searched Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and AMED. Under the guidance of the corresponding author, two evaluators independently reviewed and selected articles based on predetermined selection criteria. Results: Based on the selection criteria, we systematically screened and included a total of 12 randomized controlled trials comprising 720 cases for the final analysis. Utilizing a random-effects model for data analysis, we determined the Hedges’ g value to be 0.787, indicating a medium-sized effect according to Cohen’s interpretation. The 95% confidence interval for the effect size ranged from 0.414 to 1.160 (p-value < 0.0001). Conclusions This study reveals the potential effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in treating depressive symptoms among patients with major depressive disorder.

PURPOSE: A National survey was conducted to assess neonatal intensive care nurses' practice, barriers, knowledge, and belief regarding Kangaroo Care (KC). METHODS: A descriptive survey was conducted. Kangaroo care questionares were sent to nurses in all hospitals in Korea whose were identified as providing neonatal intensive care services(N=263). Descriptive statistics were used to summarized the data. RESULTS: Among 67 neonatal care units, 61.1% adapted KC in their practice. About 60% of nurses in the KC providing hospital actually practiced KC. Major barrier of practicing KC were infant safety concerns, as well as work load of nurses. Respondants who had practiced KC were more knowledgable and were more positive in their belief regarding KC. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that in order to overcome barriers of practicing KC, educational programs are recommended designed for nurses. In addition, development of KC practice guideline is necessary to facilicate successful and safe KC.
Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Kangaroo-Mother Care Method ; Korea ; Macropodidae ; Practice Patterns, Nurses'

The mechanism of Western medicine that is commonly used for pain relief is well-known. However, very little is known for oriental herbs, and even less is known for mixture of the two. We investigated the combinational effect of 3 kinds of oriental herbs, usually used for the control of headache, and acetaminophen to relieve headache in microglia cell line, BV2. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation induced to produce nitrite and increased the expression of inflammation-related factors like inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in murine microglia cell line, BV2. Oriental herbs such as Angelica tenuissima, Angelica dahurica, and Scutellaria baicalensis reduced the production of nitric oxide and the expression of COX-2. Moreover, a treatment of acetaminophen combined with oriental herbs was more decreased the COX-2 expression, and its product, prostaglandin E2 production in BV2 cells. Therefore, a combined treatment of oriental herbs such as A. tenuissima, A. dahurica, and S. baicalensis and Western medicine like acetaminophen has a synergistic effect on the decrease of LPS-induced inflammation in microglia.
Acetaminophen* ; Angelica ; Cell Line* ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Dinoprostone ; Headache ; Inflammation ; Microglia* ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Scutellaria baicalensis