Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are the most common group of identifiable infectious diseases in many countries. Adolescents and young adults (15-24 years old) comprise only 25% of the sexually active population but represent almost 50% of all newly acquired STDs. In a law for prevention of infectious diseases in Korea, STDs include syphilis, gonorrhea, chancroid, nongonococcal urethritis, clamydial infection, genital herpes, and genital wart. Bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, candidiasis, amebiasis, scabies, phthiriasis, granuloma inguinale, AIDS, and high risk human papilloma virus are also included in the STDs. Individuals infected with STDs are 5-10 times more likely than uninfected individuals to acquire or transmit HIV through sexual contacts. Their control is important considering the high incidences of acute infections, complications, and sequelae, their socioeconomic impact, and their role in increasing transmission of the HIV. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the treatment and management of STDs on the basis of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention treatment guidelines for sexually transmitted diseases published in 2006.
Adolescent ; Amebiasis ; Candidiasis ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Chancroid ; Communicable Diseases ; Condylomata Acuminata ; Gonorrhea ; Granuloma Inguinale ; Herpes Genitalis ; HIV ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Papilloma ; Scabies ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Syphilis ; Urethritis ; Vaginosis, Bacterial ; Viruses ; Young Adult

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are the most common infectious diseases worldwide, with over 350 million new cases occurring each year, and have far-reaching health, social, and economic consequences. Failure to diagnose and treat STDs at an early stage may result in serious complications and sequelae. STDs are passed from person to person primarily by sexual contact and are classified into varied groups. Some cause mild, acute symptoms and some are life-threatening. They are caused by many different infectious organisms and are treated in different ways. Syphilis and gonorrhea are ancient afflictions. Now, however, Chlamydia is prevalent and has become the most common bacterial STD. Antimicrobial resistance of several sexually transmitted pathogens is increasing, rendering some regimens ineffective, adding to therapeutic problems. A standardized treatment protocol for STDs is recommended to ensure that all patients receive adequate treatment. Appropriate treatment of STDs is an important public health measure.
Chancroid ; Chlamydia ; Clinical Protocols ; Communicable Diseases ; Dietary Sucrose ; Gonorrhea ; Humans ; Public Health ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial ; Syphilis

Screening and detecting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is a form of secondary prevention, which interrupts further transmission as well as progression of the infection and its sequelae. Unfortunately, primary prevention, by means of education and taking safe sex partners, has not been enough to significantly curb the prevalence and high cost of STDs. Bacterial STDs are decreasing in their prevalence whereas the prevalence of viral STDs has increased significantly in recent years. The differential diagnosis for genital ulcers, urethritis, and genital warts is very important. For example, syphilis, chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum, and herpes simplex for genital ulcer are mistaken for other causes such as Behcet's syndrome, drug eruption, erythema multiforme, amebiasis, trauma, and carcinoma. Confirmatory testings made by cultures, PCR, or serologic studies are important for appropriate treatment and eradication of the disease in both patients and their partners. The physicians treating STDs should make special efforts to be sure that his or her methods of diagnosis and treatment reflect the latest knowledge, since the epidemiologic characteristics and treatment trends are rapidly changing based on newly appearing resistant strains.
Amebiasis ; Behcet Syndrome ; Chancroid ; Condylomata Acuminata ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Eruptions ; Erythema Multiforme ; Genitalia ; Herpes Simplex ; Humans ; Lymphogranuloma Venereum ; Mass Screening ; Methylmethacrylates ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polystyrenes ; Prevalence ; Primary Prevention ; Safe Sex ; Secondary Prevention ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Syphilis ; Ulcer ; Urethritis

Cutaneous Diseases of the External Genitalia. The patients with cutaneous diseases of the external genitalia are usually concerned about a presence of sexually transmitted diseases, but other cutaneous diseases of inflammatory or autoimmune origin also present as cutaneous diseases of the external genitalia. The commonly found cutaneous diseases of the external genitalia are inflammatory diseases, such as contact dermatitis, psoriasis, Reiter's syndrome, Lichen planus, seborrheic dermatitis, balanitis, and balanoposthitis. Also sexually transmitted diseases are mainly composed of syphilis, genital herpes, lymphogranuloma venereum, condyloma, and molluscum contagiosum. The sexual partners of these sexually transmitted diseases need treatment at the same time. Fungal diseases, such as tinea and candidiasis also occur in genital areas and need careful diagnosis. Autoimmune diseases, such as Behcet's disease, also manifest as ulcerative lesions in the genital areas.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Balanitis ; Candidiasis ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Dermatitis, Seborrheic ; Genitalia ; Herpes Genitalis ; Humans ; Lichen Planus ; Lymphogranuloma Venereum ; Male ; Molluscum Contagiosum ; Psoriasis ; Sexual Partners ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Syphilis ; Tinea ; Ulcer

OBJECTIVETo explore the epidemic characteristics of vaginal douching, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases(STD) among female sex workers (FSWs) in Yunnan province.

METHODSFSWs were recruited to be investigated on their demographic data, drug abuse and sexual behavior, HIV/AIDS knowledge and procreation health status. Venous blood were collected to test for HIV, herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) and syphilis while urine specimen was for morphine, cervical secretion for Gonorrhoea and Chlamydia trachomatis, and vaginal secretion for Trichomonas.

RESULTSA total number of 833 blood specimen were collected, in which 84 specimen were confirmed to be HIV positive with a prevalence rate of 10.1%. The prevalence rates of syphilis and HSV-2 were 8.2% and 68.4% respectively. 832 vaginal and cervical secretion specimen were collected with the prevalence rates of Gonorrhoea, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas were 11.5%, 28.2% and 11.9% respectively. In multivariate logistic analysis, the factors associated with vaginal douching were: being Han nationality, locations of sex work at middle/high level, ever heard of HIV/AIDS, emerged hypogastric pain last year, the number of sex work location > or =4.

CONCLUSIONVaginal douching was shown a risk factor for HIV and some STD.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Chlamydia Infections ; epidemiology ; Female ; Gonorrhea ; epidemiology ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Herpes Genitalis ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Sex Work ; statistics & numerical data ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; epidemiology ; Syphilis ; epidemiology ; Vaginal Douching ; adverse effects ; Young Adult

It is recognized not only by the health experts but also by the public that venereal diseases are remarkably increasing in these days. Therefore, every available measure for declining of the diseases are planned and implemented through case-finding, diagnosis, treatment, education and research. The author intended to compare and analyse infection rates of venereal diseases between reporting from the Ministry of Health and author's private V.D. clinic during 1961-1971. The following results are obtained through the study: 1. According to the report of the Ministry of Health, 45.0% of total examinees were sick with gonorrhea and 6.5% with syphilis, in one hand, on the other hand 78.7% with gonorrhea and 16.3% with syphilis at the author's clinic. 2. By both the report of the ministry and author, highest infection rates were found in 196601968, and this fact was considered by the higher infection rate of G.I. in same years. 3. Contrarily, the lowest infection rates were found out in 1970-1971 through both reports.
Diagnosis ; Education ; Gonorrhea ; Hand ; Korea* ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases* ; Syphilis

BACKGROUND: In the management of patients with sexually transmitted diseases(STD), contact tracing is fundamental to get the information of sexual partners to be responsible of STD transmission. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to obtain statistical data of the sexual partners for more effective STD control. METHOD: In order to obtain statistical knowledge of the sexual partners, we retrospectively reviewed medical records of 11,333 male patients who visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul from January 1986 to December 1995. RESULTS: As the source of STD transmission for 11,333 male patients, the so called 'high risk groups' comprised 77.6% including prostitutes 38.3%, bar girl 18.9% and call girl 20.6%. In other groups, the so called 'low risk groups' are as follows; girl friends 10.4%, acquaintance 7.6% and wife 3.5%. In regard to prevalence of STD, nongonococcal urethritis and gonorrhea comprised 46.4% and 42.9%, respectively while chancroid, syphilis, herpes progenitalis and condyloma acuminatum were 2.2%, 0.9%, 0.9% and 1.0% respectively. CONCLUSION: We obtained the epidemiological data of the sexual partners of patients with STD. This will help us make STD prevention strategies.
Chancroid ; Contact Tracing ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Friends ; Gonorrhea ; Humans ; Male* ; Medical Records ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Sex Workers ; Sexual Partners* ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases* ; Spouses ; Syphilis ; Urethritis

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are among the first ten causes of unpleasant diseases in young adult males in developing countries and the second major cause of unpleasant diseases in young adult women. Adolescents and young adults (15-24 years old) make up only 25% of the sexually active population, but represent almost 50% of all new acquired STDs. In general, STDs are epidemics and present an enormous health and economic consequences. An adequate screening for STDs should be done on a routine basis in every part of the world. Many STDs are asymptomatic and therefore can difficult to control. The purpose of reporting of STDs is to ensure that persons who are infected will be quickly diagnosed and appropriately treated to control the spread of infection and also so that partners are notified, tested and appropriately treated. It is estimated that reported cases of STDs represent only 50%-80% of reportable STD infections in the United States, reflecting limited screening and low disease reporting. High-risk sexual behavior is a highly contributive factor of this process as it often leads to teenage pregnancies and HIV/AIDS. One possible explanation for this behavior is that people do not have enough information about the transmission of STDs or ignore the precautions required for safe sex. Approximately 60% of new HIV infections worldwide occur in young people. The frequency of high-risk behaviors among youths may also be influenced by opportunity to engage in them, particularly the amount of time that they are unsupervised by adults. However, in diagnosing and treating these patients, we can effectively prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS. Individuals infected with STDs are 5-10 times more likely than uninfected individuals to acquire or transmit HIV through sexual contact. The breaking of the genital tract lining or skin creates a portal of entry for HIV and, hence, HIV-infected individuals with other STDs are more likely to shed HIV in their genital secretions. To date, the condom is the most effective method available for males for protection against STDs. It is important to control STDs, and prevention can be the key of this process. Prevention can be achieved through education of the population, identification of symptomatic and asymptomatic people, and effective diagnosis and treatment of these patients and their partners.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Chlamydia Infections ; epidemiology ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; Female ; Gonorrhea ; epidemiology ; Herpes Simplex ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Papillomavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Syphilis ; epidemiology

Background: Bacterial vaginosis is a very common vaginal infection. It occurs when bacteria that normally exist in small numbers in the vagina multiply rapidly. With the purpose of early diagnosis and timely treatment infection of vaginalis tract. Objectives: The study was conducted with 2 purposes: Firstly, identification of bacterial and fungical causa is of the vaginalis. Secondly, comparison of the cause among 2 groups of women with clinical symptoms and group came for health examination. Subjects and method:A cross-sectional study was carried out in sampled groups: 325 women with ginecological symptom and 385 women came for health examination at the clinic of the Institute of mother and Newborn protection. Both 2 groups were clinical examined and microbiological testing. Results: The results were showed: The prevalence of vaginalis of the group with ginecological symptoms was found 76.92% and in the other group was 56.1%. The was not any disparity in clinical and testing results. The microbiological causes were found: 22.15% candida in group with clinical symptom and 18.96% in the other group. Streptococcal group D was taken second place 20.61% in group with clinical symptom and 13.25%in group with health examination and folioing are S. aureus, E.coli, C.trachomatis, G.vaginalis. Conclusion: There\u2019s no significant difference in the prevalence of infection of vaginalis tract between some age groups in this study.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Bacterial/ pathology Female

INTRODUCTION: Secondary syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection characterized by localized or diffuse mucocutaneous lesions, often with generalized lymphadenopathy with laboratory evidence consistent with syphilis. Condolyma latum is one of the many forms of secondary syphilis and is noted to occur commonly on moist intertriginous areas of the body such as the axilla, web spaces of the toes, genital and perianal regions.
CASE REPORT: An 18 year-old man presented with a four-month history of few erythematous pruritic plaques on the penile shaft and multiple moist plaques involving the scalp, face, anterior neck, nape, axilla,anterior abdomen, upper and lower extremities, and scrotum. There are few erythematous scaly patches noted on the palms and soles. Serologic testing confirmed a diagnosis of syphilis and the patient tested negative for human immunodeficiency virus infection. The patient was given a single dose of intramuscular benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units, with noted flattening of all lesions upon follow-up three months later.
CONCLUSION: Condylomata lata, although most commonly found on moist intriginous areas of the axilla, web spaces of the toes, genital and perianal regions, can also involve less commonly affected areas such as the scalp, face, anterior abdomen, and the extremities. A high index of suspicion therefore is warranted to differentiate it from other cutaneous diseases and to prevent progression of the disease by initiating appropriate antibacterial therapy.

Human ; Male ; Adolescent ; Anti-bacterial Agents ; Axilla ; Hiv Infections ; Lower Extremity ; Lymphadenopathy ; Scrotum ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Syphilis ; Syphilis, Cutaneous