PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the factors that impact the intention of sexual abstinence among female college students. The approach was based on Ajzen's theory of planned behavior and the parent-adolescent communication of contextual factors. METHODS: A total of 189 female university students in the first to fourth grades at two universities in Honam region participated in the study. The collected data were analyzed using hierarchical stepwise multiple regression using SPSS 21.0. RESULTS: The major factor that influences the intention of sexual abstinence among female college students was attitudes toward sexual behavior (β=0.53, p<0.001). Other factors, in descending order of their impact, were subjective norms toward friends (β=0.25, p<0.001), experience of sexual intercourse (β=−0.19, p<0.001), and subjective norms toward parents (β=0.09, p=0.040). Taken together, the aforementioned factors explained 81.1 % of the total variance. CONCLUSION: Female college students' intention to abstain from sexual behaviors requires education promoting moderate and conservative positions. The participants' subjective norms concerning sexual behaviors as perceived by friends and parents were also important. The results of this study provide meaningful implications for education of parents, sexual education of female college students, and sexual counseling programs.
Coitus ; Counseling ; Education ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Intention ; Parents ; Sexual Abstinence ; Sexual Behavior

PURPOSE: Early detection and appropriate treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are important to prevent adverse sequelae. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) for diagnosis of PID in an emergency department (ED). METHODS: We undertook a retrospective review of patients with acute low abdominal pain who were checked by abdominal CT in the ED at a tertiary hospital between June 2009 and December 2009. Inclusion criteria were PID on CT or non specific findings on CT and a consultation to the gynecology department. Exclusion criteria were age less than 15 years, age greater than 60 years, definite other causes for the acute low abdominal pain seen on CT, intact virginity, and transfer to another hospital. We compared clinical characteristics and laboratory findings between group A (clinically diagnosed PID patients) and group B (non-PID patients). We calculated sensitivity and specificity of CT findings to predict clinical diagnosis of PID. RESULTS: A total of 68 patients were enrolled in this study. Median age was 31 years (24-39). Group A consisted of 51 patients; group B of 17 patients. Cervical motion tenderness (p=0.001) and WBC count (p=0.013) were significantly different between the two groups. The accuracy of PID findings on CT for predicting the clinical diagnosis of PID was 85.29%. The sensitivity and specificity were 92.16% and 64.71%, respectively. Leukorrhea had a sensitivity of 76.47% and a specificity of 47.06%. Cervical motion tenderness had a sensitivity of 87.18% and a specificity of 75%. CONCLUSION: Abdominal CT performed in the ED is a useful method for the clinical diagnosis of PID.
Abdominal Pain ; Emergencies ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Leukorrhea ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sexual Abstinence ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

INTRODUCTIONSexually transmitted infections have increased sharply among adolescents both locally and internationally in recent years. Parents play an important role in their children's sexual health development. An integral part of this includes effective parent-child sexuality communication.

MATERIALS AND METHODSA nationwide cross-sectional community-based household survey was conducted in Singapore between August 2008 and March 2009 to assess parents'/caregivers' attitudes and practices regarding caregiver-child sexuality communication. With an overall response rate of 81.4%, 1169 questionnaires from parents/caregivers of children aged 10 to 17 years were analysed.

RESULTSAlmost all (94.2%) the caregivers were parents. A majority (>80%) of caregivers considered talking to their children about sexuality issues such as abstinence, consequences of premarital sex and condom use as important. However, a significantly lower percentage (about 60%) felt comfortable and confident doing so. Only 8.3% among them discussed sexual health issues with their children very often, 37.2% sometimes, 22.0% seldom/hardly ever (once or twice) and 32.5% never, in the past year. In the multivariate analysis, caregiver-child sexuality communication was significantly associated with caregivers' relationship to children, ethnicity, educational level, and their perceived levels of comfort and confidence in sexuality communication.

CONCLUSIONCaregivers generally felt it was important but were significantly much less comfortable and confident talking about sexuality issues with their children, which leads to a lower frequency of caregiver-child sexuality communication. Educational programmes on adolescent sexual health targeting parents/caregivers are needed. They must be equipped with skills and provided with resources to enable them to talk to their adolescent children about sexuality.

Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; Communication ; Condoms ; utilization ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Data Collection ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Parenting ; psychology ; Residence Characteristics ; Sex Education ; methods ; Sexual Abstinence ; Sexuality ; Singapore ; Statistics as Topic

The nerve electrophysiological tests may differentiate the treatment of primary premature ejaculation (PPE) in our previous studies. However, no study verifies if the results will be affected by abstinence time. From January to December in 2016, fifty PPE patients ejaculated within 2 min and 28 control subjects were enrolled. The nerve electrophysiological tests, including dorsal nerve somatosensory evoked potential (DNSEP), glans penis somatosensory evoked potential (GPSEP), and penile sympathetic skin response (PSSR), were recorded before and immediately after ejaculation. The abstinence day was not correlated with the latencies of SEPs or PSSR neither in PE group (P = 0.170, 0.064, and 0.122, respectively) nor in control group (P = 0.996, 0.475, and 0.904, respectively). No statistically differences were found in the latencies of SEPs and PSSR before and after ejaculation in PE patients (P = 0.439, 0.537, and 0.576, respectively) or control subjects (P = 0.102, 0.198, and 0.363, respectively). Thus, abstinence time does not interfere with the nerve electrophysiological test, which is stable in determining the nerve function of PPE patients.
Adult ; Ejaculation ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penis/physiopathology* ; Premature Ejaculation/physiopathology* ; Prospective Studies ; Sexual Abstinence ; Skin/innervation* ; Sympathetic Nervous System/physiopathology* ; Young Adult

Infertility is a world wide problem affecting up to 5% of all couples and in some communities up to 30% (WHO, l975). Although it is well known that the male factor is the main cause of the infertility in 40-50% of the cases, the appropriate drugs for treating this condition have not yet been found. Androgens have been tried at different doses, the higher ones to provoke suppression of spermatogenesis and ultimate rebound phenomenon. This has led to controversy due to the high percentage of permanent oligozoospermia reported by some authors (2-8%) and to the short-lived improvement obtained with this treatment. Mesterolone, an androgen without suppressive action upon the hypothalmic-pituitary axis. is presently used, although results are not yet conclusive. The present investigation would assess the effectiveness of mestero1one currently used in the treatment of idiopathic male infertility. To assess the effectiveness of treatment with mesterolone which is alleged to improve semen quality (sperm density, motility and morphology) in idiopathic infertile selected patients, this would be a double blind study to follow prospectively men suffering from primary idiopathic testicular failure being treated with mesterolone, Proviron, Schering, a drug which is presumed to improve this condition. Results would be assessed through several sperm parameters and pregnancy rate. Participants in the study will be men with primary idiopathic oligozoospermia and asthenozoospermia. The inclusion criteria would be as follows: a) men aged 20-40 years, whose female partners are entirely normal, b) informed volunteers with primary testicular failure, c) men having vaginal intercourse at least 2 times weekly with one partner and without known psycho-sexual problems, d) men willing to enter this study and relying only on the drug administered throughout the study, e) no history of renal, liver or any other chronic physical or psychological disease, t men who can be followed up regularly, and g) men whose female partner is not using any method of family planning. The exclusion criteria would be as follows: a) azoospermic patients, b) history of recent or severe liver or renal disease, and c) history recent severe infectious disease (less than 3 months ago), d) clinically detectable chronic diseases, e) concurrent use of drugs known or suspected to interact with the drug to be administered in the study or known to affect spermatogenesis. A total of 90 subjects are divided into the fol1owing three groups: a) placebo group: consisted of 30 Korean male with 15 oligozoospermia with sperm count of less than 20 x 1,000,000/ml and 15 asthenozoospermia with sperm motility of less than 309b, b) oligozoospermia group: consisted of 30 patients with sperm counts of less than 20 x1,000,000/ml, and c) asthenozoospermia group: consisted of 30 patients with sperm motility of less than 30%. Parameters for study are as follows: history taking, physical examination (testis size), laboratory works (CBC ESR, urinalysis, fructose in seminal fluid, testicular biopsy, semen analyses (pH of semen, volume, liquefaction. density, motility, agglutination, viability, normal form, WBC), hormonal assays (FSH, LH, testosterone, prolactin). Before starting treatment, 2 semen samples will be obtained with a time interval of not less than 1 week, each preceded by 3 days of sexual abstinence. For follow-up, patients will have a semen sample taken every month each preceded by 3 days of sexual abstinence while in treatment. After treatment, and for 3 months, a monthly semen analysis will be undertaken. Treatment scheme as follows: 75mg of mesterolone (proviron) was given by mouth daily for more than 90days to be justified on the basis of general assumption that spermatogenetic cycle lasts approximately 74days. An average duration of the treatment was 6.8 months in this study. In placebo group, digestive tablets are given as mesterolone administration. Clinical characteristics of a total of 90 patients were listed in the table l. The results were considered to be effective (+), if more than 30%, of improvement being noted on the count or more than 20% of improvement being noted on motility beyond the pre-treatment level. The results of this study are presented as follows: Changes of sperm density after treatment: Oligozoospermia group: sperm counts increased in 27%, of the 15 placebo treatment patients and 37% of the 30 mesterolone treatment patients. Asthenozoospermia group: sperm counts increased in 20%, of the 15 placebo treatment patients and in 27% of the 30 mesterolone treatment patients. Changes of sperm motility after treatment: Asthenozoospermia group: sperm motility improved in 13% of placebo treatment patients and 27% of mesterolone treatment patients. Oligozoospermia group: sperm motility improved in 20%, placebo treatment patients and 30% of mesterolone treatment patients. Changes of other parameters after treatment: Volume of seminal fluid and normal shape of spermatozoa were not changed significantly before and after the treatment between placebo and mesterolone groups and also between oligozoospermia and asthenozoospermia groups. Coital frequency and body weight were tend to increase after the mesterolone treatment. Pregnancy rates after treatment: Pregnancy resulted in l3%, of placebo treatment patients and 17% of mestero1one treatment patients in oligozoospermia group. Pregnancy occurred in 7%, of placebo treatment patients and l0% of mesterolone treatment patients in asthenozoospermia group. In conclusion, the author's clinical experience confirmed that mesterolone appears to be of value particularly in the treatment of idiopathic oligozoospermia and asthenozoospermia without any noticeable adverse effects.
Agglutination ; Androgens ; Asthenozoospermia ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Biopsy ; Body Weight ; Chronic Disease ; Coitus ; Communicable Diseases ; Double-Blind Method ; Family Characteristics ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fructose ; Humans ; Infertility ; Infertility, Male ; Liver ; Male ; Mesterolone* ; Mouth ; Oligospermia* ; Physical Examination ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Prospective Studies ; Semen ; Semen Analysis ; Sexual Abstinence ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa ; Tablets ; Testosterone ; Urinalysis ; Volunteers

sexual abstinence and analyzed according to World Health Organization 5th criteria 2010. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrophotometric analysis was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Western blotting was used for validation of the key proteins.RESULTS: The data identified 36 protein spots to be differentially expressed by more than 2-fold change with p<0.05 considered as significant. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight/mass spectrometry identified GPx4, JIP4, ZN248 to be overexpressed while HSPA2, GSTM5, TF3C1, CC74A was underexpressed in RPL group. Western blot analysis confirmed the differential expression of key redox associated proteins GPx4 and HSPA2 in the RPL group. Functional analysis revealed the involvement of key biological processes that includes spermatogenesis, response to oxidative stress, protein folding and metabolic process.CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides a snapshot of the altered protein expression levels consistent with the potential involvement of the sperm chromatin landscape in early embryonic development.]]>
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Biological Processes ; Blotting, Western ; Chromatin ; Embryo Loss ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Masturbation ; Metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies ; Protein Folding ; Proteomics ; Sexual Abstinence ; Spectrum Analysis ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa ; Two-Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis ; World Health Organization