We previously reported the result of the VDRL and TPHA tests among the general entertainers and prostitutes in the Youngdeungpo Ku, Chung Ku, Seoul and Paju area, Kyunggi province in 1979 The study resulted in an overall, VDRL reactive rate of 5 .6% in the 6, 666 subjects including general entertainers and prostitutes: 5 3% in the 5, 289 entertainers and 7.6% in the 837 prostitutes. 34.8% of VDRL reactive entertainers showed VDRL titers of 1: 8 or higher. In order to investigate the changing patterns of VDRL reactive rates in general entertainers and prostitutes, we compared the results of the present VDRL tests (1982) with those of our previous study (1979) Total 6, 808 subjects consisted of 2,931 residents who wanted to have medical certification from Jan. 4, 1982 to June 30, 1982 and 2, 562 general entertainers in the Youngdeungpo Ku and Chung Ku areas and 120 general entertainers and 1,195 prostitutes in the Paju area frorn Jan, 4, 1982 to Dec. 31, 1981. (countinued..)
Certification ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Seoul ; Serologic Tests* ; Sex Workers* ; Syphilis*

The serologic tests for syphilis including VDRL and TPHA tests were performed on generaI entertainers in Jung Ku and Young Deung Po Ku, and prostitutes including general entertainers in the Pa Ju area from January 1978 to June 1978. In the same period, direct vaginal smear with Gram stain and culture in Thayer-Martin media were carried. aut for all the general entertainers in Jung Ku and Young Deung Fa Ku as well as for the prostitutes in the Pa Ju area. The results were as follows: 1. An overall VDRL reactive rate of 5, 6 A was found among the 6, 666 general entertainers and prostitutes studied. The reactive rate of VDRL test was 5.3, in 5,289 general entertainers, and 7.6% among the 837 prostitutes in the Pa Ju area. 2. With regard to the VBRL quantitative test, the reactive rate of the group with a titration of 1: 8 or higher rvas 34.8, among the general entertainers of Young Deung Po Ku and Jung Ku. 3. The overall biologic false positive rate of VDRL test was 16.8% in the Young Deung Po Ku and Pa Ju areas using the TPHA test as the standard. 4. The positive rates of culture in Thayer-Martin media were 8.6% out of 1,387 general entertainers of Young Deung Po Ku and l.3% out of 4,352 in Jung Ku respectively, and 2.5 out of 326 prostitutes in the Pa Ju area. The findings seem to be probable that no remarkable change of the incidence of syphilitic and gonococcal infection has taken place recently among the genera. entertainers and prostitutes.
Humans ; Incidence ; Serologic Tests* ; Sex Workers* ; Syphilis ; Vaginal Smears

No abstract available.
Humans ; Military Personnel* ; Sex Workers* ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the attitudes and behavior toward prostitution and gender equality in male university students. METHOD: The subjects were 339 male university students in G province. The data were gathered from August 29 to September 23, 2005. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, and Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient using SPSS/Win 10.0 program. RESULTS: About twenty-eight percent of the subjects had experiences with prostitutes. The mean score of the attitude toward prostitution was 2.88+/-.39. The mean scores of the attitude and behavior toward gender equality were 1.90+/-.44, 2.73+/-.31, respectively. There was a significant difference in the attitude toward prostitution between subjects with experiences and without experiences with a prostitute. Also, there was a significant difference in the attitude and behavior toward gender equality between subjects with experiences and without experiences in prostitution. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the attitude toward prostitution was strongly related to the attitude and behavior toward gender equality. Realistic and future-directed gender equality programs should be developed for the target population.
Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Male* ; Prostitution* ; Sex Workers

China ; Female ; HIV Infections ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Incidence ; Sex Workers

A clinical survey on the condyloma acuminatum in the army was carried out during the period of 16 months from July, 1976 to Dec., 1977 by means of ready-made chart and questionare. This study concems a series of 100 maIe patients treated in the ROK Army Hospital. The result can be summarized as follows: 1. 91% of the patients were between the age of 21 and 25, the commonest age being 24(31%) years. The average age was 23.6 years. 86%. of the patients experienced their first sexual contact between the age of 18 and 22, the commonest age being 20 (22%) and 2l(22%) years. The average age was 20years. 2. Predilection sites of the condyloma acuminatum were coronal sulcus (32%), perianal region(22%), glans penis(7%), urethral meatus(7%) and prepuce(4%) 3. Barmaid (58%) was the most frequently suspected sources of prsent infectian and other suspected sources were the prostitute (15%) and the lover (7%). 4. Among the 100 cases of condyloma acuminatum, 78 cases (78%) faund. their skin lesion 1 to 6 months after sexual contact and 49 cases (49%) found it within 8 months. Average incubation period was 3. 7 months. 5. Thirty two cases (32%) of condyloma acuminatum had a past history of other STD and 18 casea (18%) had other coincidently combined STD which were composed of syphilis (15%), urethritis (2%) and chancroid (1% ).
Chancroid ; Hospitals, Military ; Humans ; Sex Workers ; Skin ; Syphilis ; Urethritis

A study on the morbidity of syphilils among 729 workers on Po Hang and Ul San Industrial Complexes at the routine periodical examination was performed. In addition to the morbidity, factors related to the disease infection such as educational level, religion, preventive measures taken by the workers, history of urethritis, and so on were studied and analysed to check significant relation. The result were as follows. 1. VDRL and RPR tests were undertaken to determine the sensitivity and specificity of RPR tests which was utilized for all the workers studied. It related 86.4% of sensitivity and specificity 87.7% of specificity from the RPR tests, and 81.8% of sensitivity and 90.1% of specificity from the VDRL tests compared with RPCF test. There were 87.4% of agreement rate vetween RPR and VDRL. Actually, RPR was more sentitive but less specific than VDRL , and found to be a satisfactory screening test for syphilis especially in the fields. 2. Among the workers in Po Hang Area 24.0% of them revealed reactive result, and in Ul San Area 5.2% revealed result showing 4.6 times of risk among workers on Po Hang Area. 3. There were no statistically significant differences between RPR reactive rates and personal characteristics such as educational level, region, history of urethritis experience, history of coitus with prostitute, and preventive measures of V.D taken by workers of evaluated by area of Po Hang and Ul San separately. 4. V.D. could be encountered as an occupational disease in certain conditions of working places and the psychosocial problems of workers. And so, It is necessary that the workers working in special estates such as on Po Hang Industrial Complex should be checked to be screened out by RPR test at periodical examination also should include RPR test be compared with. Regardless of the workmen's compensation, establishment of V.D. treatment clinic of system for such industrial workers is urgently needed. Health education regarding V.D. is another subject to be performed.
Coitus ; Health Education ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mass Screening* ; Occupational Diseases ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sex Workers ; Syphilis ; Urethritis ; Workers' Compensation

Exploring the epidemiological trend of HIV/AIDS is required for making the national AIDS policy. In this study, the trend of HIV/AIDS incidence, rout of transmission and some characteristics of AIDS for the past 11 years in Korea using the reported cases from the national STD screening scheme were reviewed. Based on the results, the trend of main route of transmission according to the year was established by stage and the HIV/AIDS cases in this year was estimated and that to the year 2000 was projected by 'Epimodel' programme. The results were as follows. 1. Of the total infected persons, 76% were in their twenties and thirties, socioeconomically and sexually active age groups while the transmission by sexual contact overseas was decreasing, the infection through domestic heterosexual and homosexual contact was increasing. 2. In the middle of the 1980's, the infected persons were mainly prostitutes infected through heterosexual contact with the HIV positive foreigner in this county(stage l). And in the late of the 1980's the main source of infection was the sexual contact overseas and the domestic heterosexual contact(stage 2). Since the early of the 1990's, the infection through the heterosexual contact with non-regular sexual partner in this country has increased rapidly(stage 3), which was the evidence of the possibility of HIV epidemics. After that, it was expected that the infection through the homosexual contacts, the heterosexual contacts with commercial sex workers outside and the non-regular sexual contact inside of this county would increase continuously. In the result, the occurrence of neonatal infection by vertical transmission was expected(stage 4). 3. The number of HIV/AIDS was estimated at 572 to 2,313 and the projected number of HIV/AlDS to the year 2000 was around 5,800 including 627 AlDS patients. For the further study on the estimation and projection of HIV/AIDS, it was suggested that the sampling survey on the HIV infection rate in the high risk groups and the sentinel hospital surveillance system should be conducted.
Emigrants and Immigrants ; Heterosexuality ; HIV Infections ; HIV* ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Mass Screening ; Sex Workers ; Sexual Partners

This study was attempted to define epidemiologically the possibility and the magnitude of sexual transmission of HBV in Korea. Two groups of prostitutes; one group(309) deals with Koreans, the other group(126) deals with American soldiers stationing in Korea, were tested for the presence of HBsAg and anti-HBs. The prevalence rate of HBsAg or anti-HBs was significantly higher in prostitutes who deal with Korean(41.7%) than in prostitutes who deal with American soldiers(30.2%) (p<0.025). Among the prostitutes who deal with American soldiers, there was no appreciable difference in the prevalence rate of HBsAg or anti-HBs by the duration of prostitution. However, among the prostitutes who deal with Koreans, the prevalence rate was increased with the duration of prostitution, although it did not reach the statistically significant level(p=0.12). There was no remarkable association between the prevalence rate of HBsAg or anti-HBs and educational level, history of operation or history of transfusion. The data support the possibility of sexual transmission of viral hepatitis B but it seems sexual transmission does not contribute significantly to the prevalence rate of HBsAg or anti-HBs in Korea.
Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens* ; Humans ; Korea ; Military Personnel ; Prevalence* ; Prostitution ; Sex Workers*

BACKGROUNDFemale sex workers (FSW) were high-risk population for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STD) earlier, and now are an important driver of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in China. Sentinel surveillance for FSW was set up to monitor the trend of HIV prevalence and risk behavior-related HIV infection. This study collected the data on street-based FSW from HIV sentinel surveillance system to understand HIV and syphilis infections, risk behaviors, and intervention in China from 2010 to 2012.

METHODSThe study population was the street-based FSW who were recruited for the national HIV integrated biological and behavioral surveillance between 2010 and 2012. Demographic information, HIV-related risk behaviors, and HIV and syphilis testing results were described and trend analysis was performed.

RESULTSBetween 2010 and 2012, the number of street-based FSW surveyed was 3725, 3425, and 3335, respectively. HIV knowledge awareness rate significantly increased from 74.6% in 2010 to 76.8% in 2011 and 82.2% in 2012 (P < 0.01). More FSW consistently used condom in the last month (49.0% in 2010; 51.0% in 2011; and 59.0% in 2012) and in the last commercial sex (72.0% in 2010; 78.5% in 2011; and 80.0% in 2012) over time. The proportions of individuals who received HIV testing in the last year were 31.2% (2010), 37.0% (2011), and 36.9% (2012) (P-trend <0.01). HIV prevalence rate changed from 1.5% in 2010 to 1.4% in 2011 and 2.3% in 2012 (P-trend = 0.01). Syphilis prevalence rate was 6.9%, 7.2%, and 7.1% in the same period. The top three provinces with the highest average HIV prevalence rates over the 3 years were Guangxi (5.9%), Yunnan (4.2%), and Sichuan (1.2%).

CONCLUSIONSStreet-based FSW are at high risk of HIV and syphilis infections. Intervention efforts need to target streetbased FSW who are of old age and minority, who use illicit drugs and have syphilis infection.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Risk-Taking ; Sex Workers ; Syphilis ; epidemiology