PURPOSE: This study was conducted to understand sexual knowledge, sexual attitudes, and the perceptions and actualities of sex education among parents of elementary school children. METHODS: This is a descriptive study with a sample size of 337. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis, including descriptive analyses, the t-test, and Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS: More than 50% of the participants responded that primary sex education for young children should be the responsibility of the parents and that education should be stared during the elementary school period. A moderate correlation was found between parents' sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes (r=.44). Most parents were afraid to provide sex education because of their unfamiliarity with teaching methods and their lack of knowledge. However, 50 of the parents wanted to receive sex-related education. CONCLUSION: We found that parents would like to learn more about sex education from expert lectures or professional organizations. They were interested in topics including the sexual structure of males/females and sexual physiology. Open communication between parents and their children regarding sex-related issues is important. It is crucial to provide accurate and up-to-date sex education information to parents so that they can effectively teach their children at home.
Child ; Education ; Humans ; Lectures ; Parents ; Physiology ; Sample Size ; Sex Education ; Societies ; Statistics as Topic ; Teaching

PURPOSE: This investigation was carried out to understand how various sex role identities in female college students affect attitudes on the sexual violence. METHODS: From September 1, 2008 to September 30, 2008, the questionnaire composed of instruments developed by Park (2002) and Shin (2004) was distributed to 295 female college students. Frequency, chi2 test, ANOVA were conducted for data analysis using SPSS/WIN 10.0 Program. RESULTS: In the four kinds of sex role identity, Androgyny type was most common (30.7%). There was significant difference between the sex role identity and communication for conflict. Subjects have positive attitudes on the sexual violence. And there was significant difference between the sex role identity and attitudes on the sexual violence. CONCLUSION: Sex role identity has to be considered in research and practice about sexual violence. The program that focus on problem solving of sexual education for subjects who were undifferentiated typed group, should be provided.
Education ; Female ; Gender Identity* ; Humans ; Problem Solving ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sex Offenses* ; Sexual Behavior ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken in order to examine the factors related to sexual satisfaction in climacteric women. METHOD: This was a descripitive correlation study. The subjects were 544 women in climacteric stage. Data were analyzed a using of descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with a SPSS WIN11.0. RESULTS: The predictors of sexual satisfaction were age, education, marital status, family income, number of delivery, hormone therapy, body image, state anxiety, trait anxiety, spouse support. These factors explained 57.6% of the total variance. CONCLUSION: These finding suggest the need to develope nursing strategy to improve the sexual satisfaction in climacteric women. To improve the climacteric women's sexual satisfaction, the above major influencing factors should be considered.
Anxiety ; Body Image ; Climacteric* ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Nursing ; Sex Factors ; Spouses ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: Most undergraduate students are in the phase of gaining mental and physical autonomy from their parents as they expand their worlds. The ways that sexual ethics are established during this time may have an important influence on healthy lifestyles and the maintenance of social order. This study aims to determine a typology of undergraduate students' sexual ethics and the characteristics that compose the types. METHODS: Q methodology, which analyzes the subjectivity of each type of attitude, was used. The 44 selected Q statements from 43 participants were classified into the shape of a normal distribution using a 9-point scale. The collected data were analyzed using the PC-QUANL program. RESULTS: The results revealed three discrete groups of students with respect to sexual ethics: traditional absolute purity type, open-minded compromise type, and rational responsibility type. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that different approaches to educational programs on sexual ethics are recommended for undergraduate students based on the three types studied.
Attitude to Health ; Consensus ; Female ; Healthy Lifestyle ; Humans ; Male ; Republic of Korea ; Sex Education/statistics & numerical data ; Sexuality/*ethics ; Social Responsibility ; Students/*psychology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore reproductive health condition of college students in Shanghai and provide scientific basis for reproductive health education.

METHODSFrom July 2004 to March 2005, 1192 college students (majors including medicine, science and engineering, arts and culture; 618 medical students and 549 non-medical; 555 male and 612 female) from seven time-day colleges in Shanghai were investigated with a reproductive health questionnaire involving sex. The questionnaire was constituted by 72 topics, involving the need of education, sex attitude, sex videos, sex hygiene knowledge and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), etc.

RESULTS39.33% (459/1167) students thought they had accepted formal sex education; 49.19% (574/1167) students chose lecture as the favorite way; 41.90% (489/1167) students thought the reproductive health education would not increase the incidence of premarital sexual behavior; 64.10% (748/1167) students thought it was necessary to give college students reproductive health instructions and knowledge. On the other hand, we found 45.05% (250/555) boys and 27.45% (168/612) girls could accept the premarital sexual behaviors; 35.32% (196/555) boys and 39.38% (241/612) girls could accept premarital pregnancy; 44.39% (518/1167) students could calculate the safe period accurately; 71.38% (833/1167) students knew emergency contraception measures; 57.67% (673/1167) students knew how to and when to use condoms; To our surprise, only 2.19% (12/549) non-medical students and 12.14% (75/618) medical students knew exactly the whole 4 sexually transmitted diseases that needed to be essentially prevented in China.

CONCLUSIONAt present, the reproductive health condition of college students in Shanghai is sophisticated. Much more education on sex safety, self-protection skills and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) knowledge, etc should be reinforced.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; prevention & control ; Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Reproductive Medicine ; statistics & numerical data ; Sampling Studies ; Sex Education ; statistics & numerical data ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; prevention & control ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: With the continuous spread of the AIDS virus and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) throughout Asia, it has become imperative for HIV/AIDS prevention outreach programs to stress the need for using prophylactics as one form of protection. This is particularly true for commercial sex workers. This pilot study was conducted to investigate the rate of condom use among the commercial sex workers in Korea and reasons why they frequently do not wear condoms during sexual intercourse. METHODS: Fifty female commercial sex workers who worked in the Yong San area were recruited while outreach was performed and forty eight responses were analyzed due to two incomplete questionnaires. The data were collected on June 28, 2004 as part of an outreach program for condom use promotion. RESULTS: The subjects ranged in age from 21 to 45 years. Nearly half of the subjects (47.9%) did not consistently use condoms. The major reason for not using protection was clients'reluctances for using condoms. When condoms were used, the subjects preferred lubricant-rich and less painful condom during intercourse. CONCLUSION: Due to the inconsistent use of condoms, it is clear that many commercial sex workers and clients are susceptible to sexually transmitted diseases. Therefore, it is important to not only educate commercial sex workers, but also to educate their pimps and clientele about the importance of condom use. In general, it is recommended that practical strategies and a policy for condom use promotion be developed.
Adult ; Community-Institutional Relations ; Condoms/*utilization ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Decision Making ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Policy ; Health Promotion ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Pilot Projects ; Prostitution/*psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Questionnaires ; Risk-Taking ; Safe Sex/ethnology/*psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Sex Education ; Sexual Partners/psychology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo define the profile and risk factors of sexual attitude and behavior of rural women.

METHODSUsing stratified cluster sampling, tape-recorded interviews and face to face interviews were carried out among 606 rural women.

RESULTS24.6% of the women being studied accepted the idea of "premarital sexual intercourse" and thought "premarital sexual intercourse between a couple" acceptable accounted for 34.2%, 14.7% and 4% of the women reported having had premarital sexual intercourse and premarital induced abortion respectively. 5.0% of the women admitted having had sexual intercourse during menstruation. 4% and 3% of the women under study accepted "extramarital sexual intercourse" and "paid sexual intercourse" if they were in need of money. None of the women reported ever having had extramarital sex or paid sex. The results derived from two different methods did not differ significantly. Logistic rgression suggested that age, education and ethnicity were associated with attitude towards premarital sex, and age was associated with premarital sexual behavior.

CONCLUSIONSex education need to be promoted and targeted among rural population at early age. "Tape-recorded interview" method did not show a better validity in this study.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Contraception Behavior ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged ; Risk-Taking ; Rural Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Sampling Studies ; Sex Education ; Sexual Behavior ; statistics & numerical data ; Sexual Partners ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; prevention & control ; Surveys and Questionnaires

INTRODUCTIONSexually transmitted infections have increased sharply among adolescents both locally and internationally in recent years. Parents play an important role in their children's sexual health development. An integral part of this includes effective parent-child sexuality communication.

MATERIALS AND METHODSA nationwide cross-sectional community-based household survey was conducted in Singapore between August 2008 and March 2009 to assess parents'/caregivers' attitudes and practices regarding caregiver-child sexuality communication. With an overall response rate of 81.4%, 1169 questionnaires from parents/caregivers of children aged 10 to 17 years were analysed.

RESULTSAlmost all (94.2%) the caregivers were parents. A majority (>80%) of caregivers considered talking to their children about sexuality issues such as abstinence, consequences of premarital sex and condom use as important. However, a significantly lower percentage (about 60%) felt comfortable and confident doing so. Only 8.3% among them discussed sexual health issues with their children very often, 37.2% sometimes, 22.0% seldom/hardly ever (once or twice) and 32.5% never, in the past year. In the multivariate analysis, caregiver-child sexuality communication was significantly associated with caregivers' relationship to children, ethnicity, educational level, and their perceived levels of comfort and confidence in sexuality communication.

CONCLUSIONCaregivers generally felt it was important but were significantly much less comfortable and confident talking about sexuality issues with their children, which leads to a lower frequency of caregiver-child sexuality communication. Educational programmes on adolescent sexual health targeting parents/caregivers are needed. They must be equipped with skills and provided with resources to enable them to talk to their adolescent children about sexuality.

Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; Communication ; Condoms ; utilization ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Data Collection ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Parenting ; psychology ; Residence Characteristics ; Sex Education ; methods ; Sexual Abstinence ; Sexuality ; Singapore ; Statistics as Topic

The purpose of this study is to identify the needs which are perceived by one of the familiy members who have head injury parients by traffic accidents in the intensive care units. Subjects were 70 families members of head injury patients admitted to 2 general hospitals NICU located Pusan city, 1 general hospital NICU located Ulsan city from December 1. 1998 to February 28. 1999. For this study, 70 family members were interviewed with aid of a Likert scale which was developed by researcher for this study. For development of the survey instrument, literature review and open questionnaire technique with family members and the nurses working in NICU. The 50needs-items were classified into 7 groups according to the homogeneity of the items with the support of literature review. For the content validity, the instrument was reviewed by 1 nursing professor and the internal reliability of this instrument was Cronbach alpha=0.94 which is highly accepted. Data was analyzed by a SPSS computer program. Data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard variance and t-test or ANOVA. The results were as followings; 1. The general characteristics of head injury patients shows that the male was 74.3%, the female was 25.7% and age distribution shows that the fifty-fifty nine years was 30%, the highest. Of religion the buddhism was the most. The diagnosis distribution shows that epidural hematoma was 32.9% and subdural hematoma was 24.3%. The mentalility distribution shows that semicoma was 31.4% and stupor was 31.4%. Hemiplegia was 42.9%. 2. The general charaterisrics of the family needs of head injury patients shows that thirty-thirty nine years was 31.4%, the highest. sex distribution shows that the male was 20%, the female was 80%. Of religion the buddism was the most. 3. The family needs of head injury patients was 3.03+/-0.42, needs for the information of a patient's condition was 3.65+/-0.48, the highest. And needs for the information of care and treatment was 3.48+/-0.48, needs to be supplied with comfortable facilities for family was 3.04+/-0.66, needs to be participate in a patient's care was 2.90+/-0.55, needs to be informed about the available resources was 2.83+/-0.59, needs to be supported emotionally for family was 2.79+/-0.55, needs for religious assistance was 2.51+/-0.85. 4. Examining the family needs of head injury patients according to patient's characteristics, mentality, plegia degree and operation were shown be variables to make an effect on the needs for the head injury patients family. At all, according to severity of head injury, the family needs of head injury patients was high. 5. Examining the family needs of head injury patients according to their general characteristics, we could know that religion, job, income were shown to be variables to make an effect on the family needs. Through the examination it can be seen that the characteristics of head injury patients and the family needs of head injury patients. In conclusion, the family needs of head injury patients was almost same the family needs of ICU patients. Therefore we must involve the family's care of head injury patients and we must provide exact and repeated explanation, education and support the family of head injury patients. As this study was resulted in selecting the families admitted to NICU of some general hospital, we couldn't stretch the result in our favor. Therefore, continuous studies are suggested.
Accidents, Traffic ; Age Distribution ; Buddhism ; Busan ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Female ; Head* ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Hemiplegia ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Nursing ; Paralysis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sex Distribution ; Statistics as Topic ; Stupor ; Ulsan

1. Instruction. Community medicine with the concept of comprehensive medical care and an ideal medical care delivery system not only for an individual or family but for the whole community has emerged. In April 1970, the Presbyterian Medical Center started a hospital based community health service project on order to improve the health of the people in rural areas. Prior to commencing a comprehensive medical care system, a family survey was meeded. The major objective of this survey was to obtain information concerning the people and their environment so as to be able to plan and implement a comprehensive medical care program in Soyang-Myum. 2. Survey Method. An interview using a family record form was carried out for each household. This family record form was designed to get information about demography, family planning, environmental sanitation and vital statistics. Prior to beginning, the members of the survey team were trained in interviewing technique for three days. The team consisted of a public health nurse, four nurse-aides, a asnitarian and four health extension workers who are working in our project. The survey was carried out during the period November 1971 to March 1972. 3. Project area. 1) Population of Soyang-Myum was 11,668 ; male, 5,962 and female, 5,706. Sex ratio : 104.5. 2) Households : 1,858. 3) Family size : The average household consisted of 6.3 persons. 4) Education level of householder. a. Illiterate 13%. b. No schooling but able to read 10%. c. Preschool Children 19%. d. Primary School 47%. e. Middle School 7%. f. High School 3%. g. College or University 1%. 5) Occupational distribution of householders. a. Farmer 67%. b. Laborer 13%. c. Office worker 4%. d. Merchant 4%. e. Industrial worker 2%, f. Unemployed 8%, g. Miscellaneous 2%, 6) Religious affiliation. a. No religion 74%, b. Buddhist 12%, c. Protestant 10%, d. Catholic 4%. 4. Survey results. Living Environment : a. Home ownership 95%, b. Kinds of roofing. Straw-thatched house 84%, Tile-roofed house 10%, Slate-roofed house 5%, Other 1%. c. Floor space, Less than 6 pyong 10%, 6-10 pyong 53%, 1-15 pyong 24%, 16-20 pyong 9%, More than 20 pyong 4%, d. Radio ownership 80%. Environment : a. the source of drinking water. public well 49%, private well 30%, drainage water 9%, steam water 8%, well pump 3%, water distribution system 1%, b. Distance between well and toilet. more than 16 meter 38%, 6-10 meter 31%, 11-15 meter 14%, Less than 6 meter 17%. c. The status of well management. Bad 72%, Fair 26%, Good 12%. d. General sanitary of well management. Bad 37%, Fair 51%, Good 12%. e. House drainage system. had no house drainage 77%. Family Planning : a. 24% of the people have used contraceptives, but 12% ceased to use them. 76% have never used contraceptives. b. used methods. loop 68%, oral pill 16%, vasectomy 4%, condom 1%, tubal ligation 1%, two or more methods 10%. Maternal Health : a. The number of conceptions of housewives under 50 years of age. 11 times 26%, 6 times 11%, 5 times 11%, 4 times 9%. b. The place of delivery. own house 88%, hospital 1%, others 11%, Treatment of general sickness. a. The place of treatment, Soyang Health Center 31%, Hospital(Private or otherwise) 26%, Pharmacy 14%, Herb medicine 5%, Private care 5%, No treatment 12%, Miscellancous 7%. b. Usual causes of disease. Unknown 46%, Tuberculosis 29%, Neuralgia 8%, CVA 3%, Bronchitis 3%, Others 11%.
Bronchitis ; Child, Preschool ; Community Health Services ; Community Medicine ; Condoms ; Contraceptive Agents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Drainage ; Drinking Water ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Fertilization ; Health Surveys* ; Humans ; Male ; Maternal Health ; Neuralgia ; Nurses, Public Health ; Ownership ; Pharmacy ; Protestantism ; Sanitation ; Sex Ratio ; Steam ; Sterilization, Tubal ; Tuberculosis ; Vasectomy ; Vital Statistics ; Water