The total number of commercial sex workers (CSWs) in Nha Trang City is 910 (871-949, p<0.05). Within 910 CSWs, 444 are directly CSWs and 466 are indirectly CSWs that is estimated by province leaders. 'Capture-recapture' method is workable and useful in order to estimate CSWs.
Sex ; manpower

No abstract available.
Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development*

Pelvic Bones* ; Sex Differentiation*

No abstract available.
Parturition* ; Seasons* ; Sex Characteristics*

No abstract available.
Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of knowledge, attitudes and needs of sex education in high school students. METHODS: There were 258 participants who were high school students in S high school in G city. Data were collected from October 1 to October 31, 2011, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 19.0. RESULTS: The mean score for sexual knowledge was 69.78, sexual attitudes was 63.66, and needs of sex education was 75.37. Sexual knowledge had positive correlation with needs of sex education (r=.17, p=.007). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated a need to develop programs for high school students to increase appropriate sexual knowledge, and to encourage appropriate sexual attitudes, and to reflect needs of sex education.
Humans ; Sex Education

Background: Normally, gender of human is indentified according to enternal sexual organ. However in several cases the patient\u2019s gender is not able to identify based on enternal sexual organ. In these cases test for gender identification is need. Objectives: Identify relationship between clinical condition of the external sexual organ and sexual chromosome. Subjects and method: 119 patients with diagnosis of \u201cunclear gender identification\ufffd?made by hospitals in Ha noi. Culture of peripheral blood, analyze sexual chromosome, comparing with gender indentification proposed in neonatal period and gender indentified by physical at time of examination. Results: 87/119 cases (73,11%) have male sexual chromosome. According of gender proposed in neonatal period to sexual chromosome are 76,90% for children considered \u201cboy\ufffd?and only 33,33% for \u201cgirl\ufffd? The according percentage is higher at time of examination (mean age is 6,4 years old). There are 4 cases of female phenotype with XY sexual chromosome. Conclusion: In cases with unclear gender identification in neonatal period: 73,11% cases have male sexual chromosome (XY). Apprasal gender at neonatal period is difficulty accurate, especialy for children considered girl (the according rate is only 33,33%). \ufffd?Detect 4 cases of \u201ctesticular femiuization\ufffd?
Sex Chromosomes ; Gender Identity ;

Background: In recent years the sex ratio at birth in Viet Nam is imbalanced, with the number of male births being higher than that of female births. Objectives: To describe the trend and distribution of sex ratio at birth by time and geography, and investigate the relationship between sex ratio at birth and abortion ratio in 2006. Subjects and method: The study was conducted in 3.840 communal health stations, 723 district hospitals/polyclinics and 132 provincial and central hospitals with total of 1,095,064 births, occupied 78% of births over the nation in 2006. Result: The male/female sex ratio varies between areas, with the ratio being higher in rural than in urban and higher in the North \u2013East and North-Central regions than in the rest of country (p<0.05). Conclusion: There has been the clear imbalance of sex ratio at birth since 2002 (varying from 110 to 113), as well as the significant imbalance of sex ratio at birth by provinces. High imbalance of sex ratio at birth is related to the high abortion rate in these provinces. Viet Nam needs to implement strong measures/actions to avoid the same situation as in China and India.
Sex ratio at birth

A cross-sectional study was performed in persons who had been smoking cigarettes lived in Ha Noi, Da Nang, Ha Nam and Ho Chi Minh city in 2004. Information collected by direct interview of adult smokers using questionnaires that were designed for the aim of the study. Results: The age group of 25-44 and 45-60 had knowledge about the harm of smoking better than the others. Knowing the harm of smoking between female and male had no significant differences. Comparison with the free laborers, the homemaker groups had knowledge of the harm of cigarette was better. There were relations between knowing the harm, the time of smoking and the number of smoked cigarettes.
Smoking ; Aged ; Sex

Background: Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) are conditions that arise from an abnormality of the typical structural, chromosomal and/or gonadal characteristics of sex development. The incidence of DSD is not well established in the Philippines and there is no published local data. The complex nature of DSD requires streamlined multidisciplinary team management and guidelines from the 2006 Consensus meeting have become the standard of care for patients. Objective: The study describes the phenotype, biochemical, diagnostic and management profiles of patients with Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) excluding congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) at the Philippine General Hospital, a tertiary care medical facility. Methods: Medical records of patients with DSD seen at the Division of Clinical Genetics from 2012-2016 were reviewed. Histories, demographic profiles, clinical features, co-existing health conditions, laboratory, imaging results, and interventions (medical or surgical) were recorded into a clinical report form. Results: Fifty-five (55) patient charts were included of all the patients with DSD listed in the registry. The neonatal period was the most common time DSD was first noted (69.09%). Most (58.18%) were assigned the male sex. The most common genital anomalies were hypospadias (45.45%), cryptorchidism (21.82%), and micropenis (12.73%). Associated health conditions included multiple congenital anomalies (32.73%), genitourinary with or without gastrointestinal anomalies (16.36%) and dysmorphic features (12.73%). Among 28 patients with karyotypes, there were 12 patients with sex chromosome DSD; two 46, XX DSD and fourteen 46, XY DSD. Four patients were prescribed hydrocortisone, three of whom had higher levels of 17-OH progesterone beyond cut-off level (2 preterm, 1 full term) while 1 full term presented with genital ambiguity; one case of Klinefelter syndrome was given testosterone replacement. Ten patients underwent corrective surgery for urogenital anomalies. Repair of hypospadias was the most common procedure. Repairs of associated anomalies (neurologic, cardiac, gastrointestinal, genitourinary) were done in 6 patients. Conclusion Complete history, meticulous physical examination and comprehensive investigations are important for the confirmation of DSDs. Uniform classification, use of standardized terminology, and proper documentation of findings are crucial for the integrated and appropriate management of these patients.
Disorders of Sex Development