Reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides a valuable opportunity to study neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative psychiatric diseases by offering an unlimited source for patient-specific neuronal and glial cells. The present review focuses on the recent advancements in modeling psychiatric disorders such as Phelan-McDermid syndrome, Timothy syndrome, Rett syndrome, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and dementia. The treatment effects identified in studies on iPSCs using known therapeutic compounds are also summarized in this review. Here we discuss validation of cellular models and explore iPSCs as a novel drug screening tool. Although there are several limitations associated with the current methods used to study mental disorders, using iPSCs as a model system provides the advantage of rewinding and reviewing the development and degeneration of human neural cells.
Bipolar Disorder ; Dementia ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells* ; Mental Disorders ; Neuroglia ; Neurons ; Rett Syndrome ; Schizophrenia

The importance of opiate dependence or abuse is increasing in the context of the increasing number of cancer survivors and patients with chronic cancer pain. Cancer patients are likely to have psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. It is important to distinguish these psychological disorders from opiate dependence or abuse. We report a case of a cancer patient with major depressive disorder who was initially suspected of opiate dependence or abuse.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Humans ; Opioid-Related Disorders ; Survivors

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to characterize the use of medical service and medical costs of each cluster categorized by its discharge disposition pattern. METHOD: Data extracted from Electronic Data Interchange database of Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service was analyzed. Among those who suffered from industrial accidents from Jan 1, 2006 to Dec 31, 2006, 422 were stroke patients. We categorized the subjects into 2 groups using k-means cluster analysis according to the discharge disposition pattern. Demographic characteristics, days of treatment, medical cost, initially admitted medical institution and disease type were analyzed in each group. RESULTS: There was no difference between the 2 groups in age, sex, type of stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke) and initially admitted medical institution. However medical cost and days of treatment were significantly different between 2 groups. CONCLUSION: K-means cluster analysis according to transferring pattern revealed a distinct group with longer hospitalization and more medical cost in injured workers. Further study is necessary to find out the characteristics of this group.
Accidents, Occupational ; Cluster Analysis ; Electronics ; Electrons ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Korea ; Stroke ; Workers' Compensation

Objective: The purpose of this finite element method (FEM) study was to analyze the biomechanical differences and tooth displacement patterns according to the traction direction, methods, and sites for total distalization of the mandibular dentition using clear aligner treatment (CAT). Methods: A finite element analysis was performed on four FEM models using different traction methods (via a precision cut hook or button) and traction sites (mandibular canine or first premolar). A distalization force of 1.5 N was applied to the traction site by changing the direction from –30 to +30° to the occlusal plane. The initial tooth displacement and von Mises stress on the clear aligners were analyzed. Results: All CAT-based total distalization groups showed an overall trend of clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of the occlusal plane as the force direction varied. Mesiodistal tipping of individual teeth was more prominent than that of bodily movements. The initial displacement pattern of the mandibular teeth was more predominant based on the traction site than on the traction method. The elastic deformation of clear aligners is attributed to unintentional lingual tipping or extrusion of the mandibular anterior teeth. Conclusions The initial tooth displacement can vary according to different distalization strategies for CAT-based total distalization. Discreet application and biomechanical understanding of traction sites and directions are necessary for appropriate mandibular total distalization.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop the Korean version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (K-WEMWBS) and to examine its factorial structure, reliability, and convergent/discriminant validity. METHODS: In this study, the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS), a self-rating measure for assessment of mental well-being, was translated into Korean. It was completed by 222 respondents, including 117 healthy subjects and 105 psychiatric patients from both inpatient and outpatient clinics at Soonchunhyang University Hospitals in Bucheon, Cheonan, and Seoul. RESULTS: The K-WEMWBS showed good content validity. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a single factor structure. The Cronbach's alpha value for the K-WEMWBS was 0.944, which demonstrated good internal consistency. Test-retest reliability at 2-8 weeks was high (0.789). The K-WEMWBS showed high correlations with mental health, positive affect, and quality of life scales. Moderate negative correlation was observed between the K-WEMWBS and the negative affect scale. Discriminant validity was partially identified. Statistically significant differences in scores were observed between the psychiatric patient group and the control group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the K-WEMWBS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessment of mental well-being, particularly the positive aspects of mental health.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Mental Health ; Quality of Life ; Seoul ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVES: Depression is commonly comorbid in elderly patients with physical illness. This study examined the prevalence of depression in the elderly with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). METHODS: Eighty-nine patients, over 60 years old, with DM were enrolled. The medical and psychiatric history, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Geriatric Depression Scale-Short form Korean (GDS-SF-K), and Mini-Mental Status Examination Korean version were examined. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression was estimated as 21.3% (male 4.5% ; female 16.9%) in HDRS, 32.6% (male 9.0% ; female 23.6%) in PHQ-9, and 24.7% (male 5.6% ; female 19.1%) in GDS-SF-K. CONCLUSION: The self-reporting scale, such as GDS-SF-K, PHQ-9 is an effective screening test for depression. The prevalence of elderly depression with DM ranged from 20% to 30%, the prevalence of depression is almost three times more common in women.
Aged* ; Depression* ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Female ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Prevalence