A bibliometric study is performed to analyze publication patterns in a specific research area and to establish a landscape model that can be used to quantitatively weigh publications. This study aimed to investigate AML research networks and to conduct a trend-related keyword analysis. We analyzed 48,202 studies about AML published from 1999 to 2019 in the Web of Science Core Collection. The network analysis was conducted using the R&R studio software. The journal Blood had the highest number of published articles with an h-index of 410. The USA had the highest number of total publications (18,719, 38.3%) and research funded by the government, institutions, and pharmaceutical companies (5,436, 10.8%). The institute with the largest number of publications was the MD Anderson Cancer Center. Kantarjian H, Garcia-Manero G, and Ravandi F were the leading authors of publications about AML. Keyword analysis revealed that FLT 3, micro-RNA, and NK cell topics were the hotspots in the cell and gene area in all publications. The overall AML research landscape is popular in the field of translational research as it can identify molecular, cell, and gene studies conducted by different funding agencies, countries, institutions, and author networks. With active funding and support from the Chinese government, the productivity of scientific research is increasing not only in the AML field but also in the medical/health-related science field.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the treatment results of combined treatment with percutaneous vertebroplasty and adhesiolysis in the patients who happened the osteoporotic compression fractures during the conservative treatment of pre-existing degenerative spinal stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was carried out on 38 patients who happened the osteoporotic compression fractures during the conservative treatment of pre-existing degenerative spinal stenosis. We performed percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic compression fractures and adhesiolysis for degenerative spinal stenosis after 4 weeks after vertebroplasty. Radiologic results were evaluated by progression of compression rate, fractures in adjacent segment and change of the BMD. Clinical results were evaluated with Denis pain scale for osteoporotic compression fractures and Katz satisfaction scale for degenerative spinal stenosis. RESULTS: The compression rate was 30.2% preoperatively, 21.4% postoperatively, and 24.6% at 12 months postoperatively. There was no fracture in adjacent segment. Clinically, the Denis score were P3 in 13 and P4 in 25, preoperatively, P1 in 11 and P2 in 26, P3 in 1, postoperatively (P=0.03). In regard to degenerative diseases, the Kats scale were 38 to 5, 86.8% in low back pain (P=0.017) and 38 to 4, 89.4% in claudication (P=0.006). The overall Katz satisfaction scale was 81.5% at 12 months postoperatively. The BMD changes in patients who treated neuroplasty was not significant (P=0.175). CONCLUSIONS: The combined treatment with percutaneous vertebroplasty and adhesiolysis may be an effective treatment strategy for the osteoporotic compression fracture and spinal stenosis without surgical intervention in old age patients.
Fractures, Compression ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Stenosis ; Vertebroplasty

PURPOSE: To develop a technique for quantifying the 13C-metabolites by performing frequency-selective hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in vitro which combines simple spectrally-selective excitation with spectrally interleaved acquisition. METHODS: Numerical simulations were performed with varying noise level and K(p) values to compare the quantification accuracies of the proposed and the conventional methods. For in vitro experiments, a spectrally-selective excitation scheme was enabled by narrow-band radiofrequency (RF) excitation pulse implemented into a free-induction decay chemical shift imaging (FIDCSI) sequence. Experiments with LDH / NADH enzyme mixture were performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed acquisition method. Also, a modified two-site exchange model was formulated for metabolism kinetics quantification with the proposed method. RESULTS: From the simulation results, significant increase of the lactate peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) was observed. Also, the quantified K(p) value from the dynamic curves were more accurate in the case of the proposed acquisition method compared to the conventional non-selective excitation scheme. In vitro experiment results were in good agreement with the simulation results, also displaying increased PSNR for lactate. Fitting results using the modified two-site exchange model also showed expected results in agreement with the simulations. CONCLUSION: A method for accurate quantification of hyperpolarized pyruvate and the downstream product focused on in vitro experiment was described. By using a narrow-band RF excitation pulse with alternating acquisition, different resonances were selectively excited with a different flip angle for increased PSNR while the hyperpolarized magnetization of the substrate can be minimally perturbed with a low flip angle. Baseline signals from neighboring resonances can be effectively suppressed to accurately quantify the metabolism kinetics.
Kinetics ; Lactic Acid ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Metabolism* ; NAD ; Noise ; Pyruvic Acid* ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Spectrum Analysis

Within six months of the discovery of X-ray in 1895, the technology was used to scan the interior of the human body, paving the way for many innovations in the field of medicine, including an ultrasound device in 1950, a CT scanner in 1972, and MRI in 1980. More recent decades have witnessed developments such as digital imaging using a picture archiving and communication system, computer-aided detection/diagnosis, organ-specific workstations, and molecular, functional, and quantitative imaging. One of the latest technical breakthrough in the field of radiology has been imaging genomics and robotic interventions for biopsy and theragnosis. This review provides an engineering perspective on these developments and several other megatrends in radiology.
Biological Markers/analysis ; Biomedical Engineering ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/*trends ; Diagnostic Imaging/*trends ; Equipment Design ; Genomics ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/*trends ; Radiology Information Systems/*trends ; Robotics ; Systems Integration ; User-Computer Interface

PURPOSE: To evaluate the risk factors for overactive bladder (OAB) in a population aged 40 years and over in the community. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a community-based survey of OAB in a population aged 40 years and over in Guri City and Yangpyeong County, South Korea, by use of the overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) questionnaire. A total of 926 subjects were included in the final analysis. The definition of OAB was more than 2 points for the urgency score and 3 points for the sum of scores. In addition, the subjects were asked about age, dwelling place, marital status, educational status, behavioral factors (smoking, drinking, etc), and medical history. Categorical variables were analyzed by using the logistic regression model and were adjusted for age by using the logistic regression model. RESULTS: Overall OAB prevalence was 14.1% (130/926), made up of 49/403 males (12.2%) and 81/523 females (15.5%). OAB prevalence increased with age (p<0.0001). Risk factors for OAB were educational status (age-adjusted p=0.0487), stroke (p=0.0414), osteoporosis (p=0.0208), asthma (p=0.0091), rhinitis (p=0.0008), and cataract. Other factors (dwelling place, marital status, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, myocardial infarction, angina, tuberculosis, atopic dermatitis, hepatitis B, and depression) were not associated with OAB. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of OAB in our study was about 14.1% and the risk factors for OAB were educational status, stroke, osteoporosis, asthma, rhinitis, and cataract. Knowledge of these risk factors may help in the diagnosis and treatment of OAB.
Aged ; Asthma ; Cataract ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Drinking ; Educational Status ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Hypogonadism ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Marital Status ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Myocardial Infarction ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Osteoporosis ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea ; Rhinitis ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stroke ; Tuberculosis ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive

PURPOSE: To investigate the exchange and redistribution of hyperpolarized ¹³C metabolites between different pools by temporally analyzing the relative fraction of dual T₂* components of hyperpolarized ¹³C metabolites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A dual exponential decay analysis of T₂* is performed for [1-¹³C] pyruvate and [1-¹³C] lactate using nonspatially resolved dynamic ¹³C MR spectroscopy from mice brains with tumors (n = 3) and without (n = 4) tumors. The values of shorter and longer T₂* components are explored when fitted from averaged spectrum and temporal variations of their fractions. RESULTS: The T₂* values were not significantly different between the tumor and control groups, but the fraction of longer T₂* [1-¹³C] lactate components was more than 10% in the tumor group over that of the controls (P < 0.1). The fraction of shorter T₂* components of [1-¹³C] pyruvate showed an increasing tendency while that of the [1-¹³C] lactate was decreasing over time. The slopes of the changing fraction were steeper for the tumor group than the controls, especially for lactate (P < 0.01). In both pyruvate and lactate, the fraction of the shorter T₂* component was always greater than the longer T₂* component over time. CONCLUSIONS: The exchange and redistribution of pyruvate and lactate between different pools was investigated by dual component analysis of the free induction decay signal from hyperpolarized ¹³C experiments. Tumor and control groups showed differences in their fractions rather than the values of longer and shorter T₂* components. Fraction changing dynamics may provide an aspect for extravasation and membrane transport of pyruvate and lactate, and will be useful to determine the appropriate time window for acquisition of hyperpolarized ¹³C images.
Animals ; Brain ; Lactic Acid ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Membranes ; Mice ; Pyruvic Acid

PURPOSE: For a single time-point hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) of animal models, scan-time window after injecting substrates is critical in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of downstream metabolites. Prescans of time-resolved magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be performed to determine the scan-time window. In this study, based on two-site exchange model, protocol-specific simulation approaches were developed for 13C MRSI and the optimal scan-time window was determined to maximize the SNR of downstream metabolites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The arterial input function and conversion rate constant from injected substrates (pyruvate) to downstream metabolite (lactate) were precalibrated, based on pre-scans of time-resolved MRS. MRSI was simulated using twosite exchange model with considerations of scan parameters of MRSI. Optimal scantime window for mapping lactate was chosen from simulated lactate intensity maps. The performance was validated by multiple in vivo experiments of BALB/C nude mice with MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells. As a comparison, MRSI were performed with other scan-time windows simply chosen from the lactate signal intensities of prescan time-resolved MRS. RESULTS: The optimal scan timing for our animal models was determined by simulation, and was found to be 15 s after injection of the pyruvate. Compared to the simple approach, we observed that the lactate peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) was increased by 230%. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal scan timing to measure downstream metabolites using hyperpolarized 13C MRSI can be determined by the proposed protocol-specific simulation approaches.
Animals ; Breast Neoplasms ; Lactic Acid ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Models, Animal ; Pyruvic Acid ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio