OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) on the isokinetic strength, body pain, and the quality of life in male high school baseball players of Korea. METHODS: Fifty-six male high school baseball players were divided into either group A (GIRD> or =20degrees, n=12) or group B (GIRD<20degrees, n=44). The range of motion in the shoulder and the isokinetic strength were measured. Questionnaires were administered regarding the body pain location by using the visual analogue scale, and the quality of life was measured by using the SF-36 Form. RESULTS: All subjects had increased external rotation range of motion and decreased internal rotation in the throwing shoulder. The incidence of GIRD (> or =20degrees) was 21.43% in the present study. In the isokinetic strength test, a significantly weaker muscular state at an angular velocity of 180degrees/s was observed in group A, compared to group B. For the comparison of the pain, the frequency of shoulder pain was higher (33.93%) than other body pain, among the study subjects. CONCLUSION: GIRD is one of the main risk factors of glenohumeral joint damage, and it is correlated with reduced isokinetic strength and quality of life. High school baseball players will need appropriate shoulder rehabilitation programs for the improvement in their quality of life and performance.
Baseball* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Quality of Life* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rehabilitation ; Risk Factors ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Joint ; Shoulder Pain ; Surveys and Questionnaires