No abstract available.
Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; T-Lymphocytes

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic effects and safety of oral spironolactone (SPRL) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods: Medical records and imaging data from consecutive patients diagnosed with CSC and treated with SPRL were reviewed. Changes in central macular thickness (CMT), subretinal fluids (SRF), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured at baseline and follow-up visits. Follow-up visits were performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. The patients were divided into two groups; acute and chronic, and the therapeutic outcomes were compared. The occurrence of side effects and recurrence after complete resolution of SRF were also assessed. Results: A total of 42 patients with 45 eyes were included. CMT and SRF after using SPRL improved significantly at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and SFCT improved at 3, 6, and 12 months. However, BCVA showed no significant change at any time. Acute patients showed similar results. However, in chronic patients, CMT showed significant differences at 1 and 3 months, SRF at 1 and 6 months, and SFCT at 6 months. A total of 15.6%, 38.2%, 45.8%, and 50.0% of eyes showed complete resolution of SRF at each follow-up period, respectively, and 8.9% of eyes showed recurrence after complete resolution. Two male patients experienced gynecomastia and one patient showed mild elevation of serum creatinine. Conclusions Our study supported the therapeutic benefits of SPRL in patients with CSC, especially in anatomical structures. However, careful observation is required because of side effects and recurrence after complete resolution.

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic effects and safety of oral spironolactone (SPRL) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods: Medical records and imaging data from consecutive patients diagnosed with CSC and treated with SPRL were reviewed. Changes in central macular thickness (CMT), subretinal fluids (SRF), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured at baseline and follow-up visits. Follow-up visits were performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. The patients were divided into two groups; acute and chronic, and the therapeutic outcomes were compared. The occurrence of side effects and recurrence after complete resolution of SRF were also assessed. Results: A total of 42 patients with 45 eyes were included. CMT and SRF after using SPRL improved significantly at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and SFCT improved at 3, 6, and 12 months. However, BCVA showed no significant change at any time. Acute patients showed similar results. However, in chronic patients, CMT showed significant differences at 1 and 3 months, SRF at 1 and 6 months, and SFCT at 6 months. A total of 15.6%, 38.2%, 45.8%, and 50.0% of eyes showed complete resolution of SRF at each follow-up period, respectively, and 8.9% of eyes showed recurrence after complete resolution. Two male patients experienced gynecomastia and one patient showed mild elevation of serum creatinine. Conclusions Our study supported the therapeutic benefits of SPRL in patients with CSC, especially in anatomical structures. However, careful observation is required because of side effects and recurrence after complete resolution.

Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (NKTCL), is a malignant disorder of cytotoxic lymphocytes of NK or T cells. It is an aggressive neoplasm with a very poor prognosis. Although extranodal NKTCL reportedly has a strong association with Epstein-Barr virus, the molecular pathogenesis of NKTCL has been unexplored. The recent technological advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have made DNA sequencing cost- and time-effective, with more reliable results. Using the Ion Proton Comprehensive Cancer Panel, we sequenced 409 cancer-related genes to identify somatic mutations in five NKTCL tissue samples. The sequencing analysis detected 25 mutations in 21 genes. Among them, KMT2D, a histone modification-related gene, was the most frequently mutated gene (four of the five cases). This result was consistent with recent NGS studies that have suggested KMT2D as a novel driver gene in NKTCL. Mutations were also found in ARID1A, a chromatin remodeling gene, and TP53, which also recurred in recent NGS studies. We also found mutations in 18 novel candidate genes, with molecular functions that were potentially implicated in cancer development. We suggest that these genes may result in multiple oncogenic events and may be used as potential bio-markers of NKTCL in the future.
Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Histones ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma* ; Prognosis ; Protons ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; T-Lymphocytes

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of resveratrol on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human adult retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells, and on experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ARPE-19 cells were treated with different concentrations of resveratrol and then incubated under hypoxic conditions with subsequent evaluation of cell viability, expression of HIF-1alpha, and expression of VEGF. The effects of resveratrol on the synthesis and degradation of hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha were evaluated using inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and the ubiquitin proteasome pathways. In animal studies, CNV lesions were induced in C57BL/6 mice by laser photocoagulation. After 7 days of oral administration of resveratrol or vehicle, which began one day after CNV induction, image analysis was used to measure CNV areas on choroidal flat mounts stained with isolectin IB4. RESULTS: In ARPE-19 cells, resveratrol significantly inhibited HIF-1alpha and VEGF in a dose-dependent manner, by blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and by promoting proteasomal HIF-1alpha degradation. In mice experiments, orally administered resveratrol significantly inhibited CNV growth in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Resveratrol may have therapeutic value in the management of diseases involving pathological neovascularization.
Adult ; Animals ; Anoxia/metabolism/physiopathology ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Choroidal Neovascularization/*metabolism/pathology ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/*drug effects/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/*drug effects/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stilbenes/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Ubiquitin ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*drug effects/metabolism

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic effects and safety of oral spironolactone (SPRL) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Materials and Methods: The medical records and imaging data of patients diagnosed with CSC and treated with SPRL were retrospectively reviewed. Central macular thickness (CMT), subretinal fluid (SRF) height, subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at baseline, at 1, 3, and 6 months, and at the last visit after the treatment were analyzed. Results: In total, 103 patients with 107 eyes were included. The mean age of the patients was 51.5±9.3 years, and 77 (72.0%) were male. The mean follow-up duration was 48.6±40.2 weeks. The mean duration of oral SPRL therapy was 15.5±13.4 weeks. CMT, SRF height, and SFCT improved significantly at 1, 3, and 6 months after SPRL therapy and at the last follow-up. BCVA, however, showed no significant change at any time point. The rate of complete resolution of SRF at 1 month was higher in those with chronic CSC than in those with acute CSC (21.1% vs. 6.0%, respectively). Recurrence occurred in 14 (13.1%) eyes after the complete resolution of SRF. Older age (p=0.001), a greater number of previous intravitreal bevacizumab injections (p=0.006), and poor initial visual acuity (p=0.048) were associated with recurrence. No permanent adverse effects were observed. Conclusion Oral SPRL showed therapeutic benefits in patients with CSC in terms of SRF resolution, but relatively frequent recurrence was observed, especially in older patients.

Purpose: We sought to evaluate the long-term outcomes for patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) undergoing vitrectomy for breakthrough vitreous hemorrhage and to investigate possible prognostic factors. Methods: Consecutive patients treated at two high-volume referral-based tertiary hospitals between July 2006 and Decem-ber 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Surgery was performed using the standard three-port vitrectomy. The primary out-come was the change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) over long-term follow-up, while secondary outcomes included the assessment of possible prognostic factors. Results: Among 50 eyes from 50 patients included in this study, 23 (46%) were diagnosed with polypoidal choroidal vascu-lopathy (PCV) and 27 (54%) were diagnosed with neovascular AMD. Preoperative vision at the time of vitreous hemorrhage onset was 20 / 3,027 (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR], 2.18 ± 0.34). At 12 months after surgery, the mean BCVA improved to 20 / 873 (logMAR, 1.64 ± 0.76; p < 0.001). At 24 months, the BCVA was 20 / 853 (logMAR, 1.63 ± 0.75; p < 0.001). Univariate analysis revealed that older age (odds ratio [OR], 0.879; p = 0.007] and the presence of submac-ular hemorrhage (OR, 0.081; p= 0.022) were factors associated with a poor 2-year visual outcome. Multivariable regression showed that older age (OR, 0.876; p= 0.026) and neovascular AMD (as compared with PCV) (OR, 0.137; p= 0.014) were significant negative factors influencing the 2-year visual outcome. The mean injection interval prior to vitrectomy was 4.53 months, which extended to 27.64 months after vitrectomy ( p = 0.028). Conclusions Younger age, the absence of submacular hemorrhage, and PCV type were associated with a favorable 2-year visual outcome after vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage in patients with exudative AMD. Overall, vitrectomy resulted in im-proved visual acuity and patients showed a decreased need for anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy thereafter.