OBJECTIVES: Patients with schizophrenia often present the idea of reference in social situations ; however, the number of research studies examining the nature of the idea of reference and the visual searching pattern in social situations is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate behavioral and visual searching characteristics of patients with schizophrenia in social situations in which the idea of reference can be provoked. METHODS: Eighteen subjects with schizophrenia (eight males) and 18 healthy volunteers (seven males) performed the idea-of-reference-provoking task, which was composed of movie clips with scenes of two women sitting on a bench 1 m away. The participants' reactions were rated using questionnaires for self-reference, malevolent intentions, and anxiety. Visual scan path was monitored during performance of the task. RESULTS: There were significant group differences in the reactions on self-reference, malevolent intentions, and anxiety. The visual searching pattern in patients with schizophrenia was to avoid looking at the women's body area in every movie clip. However, there was no significant difference in the face area in both groups. CONCLUSION: A distinct visual strategy in schizophrenia may affect the self-referential bias and paranoid response. The absence of difference in attention to a core information region (face) may suggest the possibility of inferential errors as well as the cause of self-referential bias and paranoid responses.
Anxiety ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Intention ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Schizophrenia*

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes including undiagnosed isolated postchallenge hyperglycemia (IPH) are common in the elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate the insulin secretion and sensitivity in Korean elderly lean diabetic women. Forty-one lean women aged 65-88 years took 2 hr oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and were stratified according to the WHO criteria (normal glucose tolerance [NGT], n=20; IGT, n=6; and type 2 diabetics, n=15 including seven IPH). HbA1c and fructosamine progressively increased from the NGT to the diabetic subjects (p=0.006 and p=0.001, respectively). Compared with subjects with NGT, the insulinogenic index, a marker of early insulin secretion and the AUCins, a marker of total insulin secretion, decreased significantly in diabetic group [0.53 (-0.44 -1.45) vs. 0.18 (0.00 -1.11), p=0.03 and 306 +/- 165 vs. 199 +/- 78 pmol/L, p=0.02 respectively]. A significant difference was found in the AUCc-peptide among each group (221 +/- 59 vs. 206 +/- 34 vs. 149 +/- 51 pmol/L, p=0.001 for each). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a marker of insulin resistance, was not different among the groups. We conclude that compared with NGT subjects, elderly lean women with diabetes have impaired oral glucose-induced insulin secretion but have relatively preserved insulin sensitivity. This suggests that insulin resistance is not necessarily an essential component of Korean elderly lean diabetic women.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent/*metabolism ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Human ; Insulin/*secretion ; *Insulin Resistance ; Thinness

BACKGROUND: The risk of developing diabetes is high in the offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes. There have been no studies to assess the offspring's awareness of the risk of developing diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate how the male offspring of type 2 diabetic patients assess their likelihood of developing diabetes. METHODS: One hundred and one non-diabetic men with one or both parents having type 2 diabetes, aged 19-28 years, were recruited. RESULTS: Thirty-nine subjects (38.6%) were concerned about diabetes and 85 (84.2%) considered diabetes a serious problem. However, only 10 (9.9%) thought they might develop diabetes and 9 (8.9%) had previously attended diabetes education programs with their parents. The educational level amongst the diabetic parents was the only independent predictor of perception of the increased risk. Age, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, educational level and the perception of diabetes as a serious problem were not associated with perception of the increased risk. CONCLUSION: Most offspring of diabetic parents lacked knowledge about the increased risk amongst family members. We suggest that physicians and diabetic educators should provide knowledge about the increased risk of developing diabetes in offspring and the benefit of lifestyle modification to delay or prevent the development of the disease.
Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent/epidemiology/*genetics ; Educational Status ; Family ; Human ; *Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Questionnaires ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Myocardial Bridging

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hypotension, Orthostatic*

BACKGROUND: Achilles tendon thickness (ATT) has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The aim of this study is to establish the correlation among ATT, obesity and established cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, smoking, and dyslipidemia. METHODS: In total, 19 patients (male 31.5%, mean age 60.0+/-12.5) with dyslipidemia and 96 control (male 64.6%, mean age 62.3+/-8.5) were enrolled. ATT was measured by ultrasonography. Anterioposterior diameter which represents the ATT was measured bilaterally, 4 cm above the insertion of Achilles tendon to the tuber calcite. Dyslipidemia was defined as elevated total cholesterol, triglyceride, or LDL cholesterol, or low levels of HDL cholesterol. RESULTS: There was no significant differences including ATT between the two groups (for ATT, dyslipidemia group, 0.44+/-0.04 vs control, 0.45+/-0.02 cm, p=0.783). There was no significant correlation between ATT and other cardiovascular risk factors except weight (r=0.34, p=0.007) and body mass index (r=0.63, p<0.001). Dyslipidemia was not significantly correlated with ATT (r=0.02, p=0.783). Use of statin was not significantly correlated with ATT (r=0.04, p=0.605). CONCLUSION: ATT was not significantly increased in patients with dyslipidemia. Lipid accumulation of Achilles tendon was not found in patients with dyslipidemia in this study.
Achilles Tendon* ; Atherosclerosis ; Body Mass Index ; Calcium Carbonate ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dyslipidemias ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II ; Hypertension ; Obesity ; Peripheral Arterial Disease ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Triglycerides ; Ultrasonography

This case report describes a successful use of normothermic targeted temperature management (TTM) for the treatment of a 14-year-old girl with exertional heat stroke. Upon hospitalization, she exhibited a 40.5 ℃ core temperature and multiorgan failure. We immediately applied the TTM, targeting a range of 36-37 ℃. Her condition improved rapidly, with vital signs stabilized and consciousness fully regained by day 3. She experienced a bimodal pattern of rhabdomyolysis during recovery, which was managed without further complications. No neurological sequelae were observed, and all laboratory parameters were normalized before discharge on day 10. This case suggests the potential efficacy of normothermic TTM in pediatric heat stroke.

This case report describes a successful use of normothermic targeted temperature management (TTM) for the treatment of a 14-year-old girl with exertional heat stroke. Upon hospitalization, she exhibited a 40.5 ℃ core temperature and multiorgan failure. We immediately applied the TTM, targeting a range of 36-37 ℃. Her condition improved rapidly, with vital signs stabilized and consciousness fully regained by day 3. She experienced a bimodal pattern of rhabdomyolysis during recovery, which was managed without further complications. No neurological sequelae were observed, and all laboratory parameters were normalized before discharge on day 10. This case suggests the potential efficacy of normothermic TTM in pediatric heat stroke.

This case report describes a successful use of normothermic targeted temperature management (TTM) for the treatment of a 14-year-old girl with exertional heat stroke. Upon hospitalization, she exhibited a 40.5 ℃ core temperature and multiorgan failure. We immediately applied the TTM, targeting a range of 36-37 ℃. Her condition improved rapidly, with vital signs stabilized and consciousness fully regained by day 3. She experienced a bimodal pattern of rhabdomyolysis during recovery, which was managed without further complications. No neurological sequelae were observed, and all laboratory parameters were normalized before discharge on day 10. This case suggests the potential efficacy of normothermic TTM in pediatric heat stroke.

This case report describes a successful use of normothermic targeted temperature management (TTM) for the treatment of a 14-year-old girl with exertional heat stroke. Upon hospitalization, she exhibited a 40.5 ℃ core temperature and multiorgan failure. We immediately applied the TTM, targeting a range of 36-37 ℃. Her condition improved rapidly, with vital signs stabilized and consciousness fully regained by day 3. She experienced a bimodal pattern of rhabdomyolysis during recovery, which was managed without further complications. No neurological sequelae were observed, and all laboratory parameters were normalized before discharge on day 10. This case suggests the potential efficacy of normothermic TTM in pediatric heat stroke.