Purpose: Cancer is a disease with high social costs, and policymaking through accurate statistics is very important. This study presents the national cancer statistics on the incidence of urological cancers in the Republic of Korea over 22 years, from 1999 to 2020. Materials and Methods: Through the Korean Statistical Information Service, data on the incidence of urological cancers by sex and age in each year was obtained. For each urological cancer, the number of cases, crude incidence rate (CIR), and age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) were calculated, and the statistical trends were confirmed by joinpoint regression analysis. Results: Urological cancers, which have increased ASR over 22 years, are as follows: prostate cancer (average annual percent change [AAPC]=6.72%, p-trend<0.05), testicular cancer (AAPC=5.26%, p-trend<0.05), ureter cancer (AAPC=4.16%, p-trend<0.05), kidney cancer (AAPC=4.14%, p-trend<0.05), renal pelvis cancer (AAPC=3.86%, p-trend<0.05), and total urological cancer (AAPC=4.37%, p-trend<0.05). Urological cancers, which has decreased ASR over 22 years, are as follows: penile cancer (AAPC= -2.93%, p-trend<0.05) and bladder cancer (AAPC=-0.31%, p-trend<0.05). Conclusions It was confirmed that the ASR of all urological cancers increased for 22 years, except for bladder and penile cancer.With the aging of the population, the CIR increased for all urological cancers. This study will serve as basic data for future research and policy decisions.

Purpose: Cancer is a disease with high social costs, and policymaking through accurate statistics is very important. This study presents the national cancer statistics on the incidence of urological cancers in the Republic of Korea over 22 years, from 1999 to 2020. Materials and Methods: Through the Korean Statistical Information Service, data on the incidence of urological cancers by sex and age in each year was obtained. For each urological cancer, the number of cases, crude incidence rate (CIR), and age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) were calculated, and the statistical trends were confirmed by joinpoint regression analysis. Results: Urological cancers, which have increased ASR over 22 years, are as follows: prostate cancer (average annual percent change [AAPC]=6.72%, p-trend<0.05), testicular cancer (AAPC=5.26%, p-trend<0.05), ureter cancer (AAPC=4.16%, p-trend<0.05), kidney cancer (AAPC=4.14%, p-trend<0.05), renal pelvis cancer (AAPC=3.86%, p-trend<0.05), and total urological cancer (AAPC=4.37%, p-trend<0.05). Urological cancers, which has decreased ASR over 22 years, are as follows: penile cancer (AAPC= -2.93%, p-trend<0.05) and bladder cancer (AAPC=-0.31%, p-trend<0.05). Conclusions It was confirmed that the ASR of all urological cancers increased for 22 years, except for bladder and penile cancer.With the aging of the population, the CIR increased for all urological cancers. This study will serve as basic data for future research and policy decisions.

Purpose: Cancer is a disease with high social costs, and policymaking through accurate statistics is very important. This study presents the national cancer statistics on the incidence of urological cancers in the Republic of Korea over 22 years, from 1999 to 2020. Materials and Methods: Through the Korean Statistical Information Service, data on the incidence of urological cancers by sex and age in each year was obtained. For each urological cancer, the number of cases, crude incidence rate (CIR), and age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) were calculated, and the statistical trends were confirmed by joinpoint regression analysis. Results: Urological cancers, which have increased ASR over 22 years, are as follows: prostate cancer (average annual percent change [AAPC]=6.72%, p-trend<0.05), testicular cancer (AAPC=5.26%, p-trend<0.05), ureter cancer (AAPC=4.16%, p-trend<0.05), kidney cancer (AAPC=4.14%, p-trend<0.05), renal pelvis cancer (AAPC=3.86%, p-trend<0.05), and total urological cancer (AAPC=4.37%, p-trend<0.05). Urological cancers, which has decreased ASR over 22 years, are as follows: penile cancer (AAPC= -2.93%, p-trend<0.05) and bladder cancer (AAPC=-0.31%, p-trend<0.05). Conclusions It was confirmed that the ASR of all urological cancers increased for 22 years, except for bladder and penile cancer.With the aging of the population, the CIR increased for all urological cancers. This study will serve as basic data for future research and policy decisions.

Purpose: Cancer is a disease with high social costs, and policymaking through accurate statistics is very important. This study presents the national cancer statistics on the incidence of urological cancers in the Republic of Korea over 22 years, from 1999 to 2020. Materials and Methods: Through the Korean Statistical Information Service, data on the incidence of urological cancers by sex and age in each year was obtained. For each urological cancer, the number of cases, crude incidence rate (CIR), and age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) were calculated, and the statistical trends were confirmed by joinpoint regression analysis. Results: Urological cancers, which have increased ASR over 22 years, are as follows: prostate cancer (average annual percent change [AAPC]=6.72%, p-trend<0.05), testicular cancer (AAPC=5.26%, p-trend<0.05), ureter cancer (AAPC=4.16%, p-trend<0.05), kidney cancer (AAPC=4.14%, p-trend<0.05), renal pelvis cancer (AAPC=3.86%, p-trend<0.05), and total urological cancer (AAPC=4.37%, p-trend<0.05). Urological cancers, which has decreased ASR over 22 years, are as follows: penile cancer (AAPC= -2.93%, p-trend<0.05) and bladder cancer (AAPC=-0.31%, p-trend<0.05). Conclusions It was confirmed that the ASR of all urological cancers increased for 22 years, except for bladder and penile cancer.With the aging of the population, the CIR increased for all urological cancers. This study will serve as basic data for future research and policy decisions.

Background: In South Korea, the legal maximum working hours per week for medical residents is 88 hours, which are longer than those for other occupations, and the intensity of the workload is also remarkably high. Long working hours and job-related stress can worsen the health status of residents. This study aimed to analyze the four-year annual health checkup (AHC) data of residents to identify changes in their health indicators. Methods: This study included 457 male residents who received 4 years of training at a university hospital. They underwent an AHC every year during the training period. Changes in health indicators and related factors over the 4 years were investigated. Results: Body mass indices (BMI), blood pressures (BPs), liver function test (LFT) results, and total cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly worsened during the training period.The increases were the highest in the early training years, between the 2 nd and 1 st AHC.The working hours of the fourth-year residents were the shortest and showed low smoking and drinking rates and high regular exercise rates. On comparing by department, surgical residents showed the highest increases in BMI, diastolic BP, and fasting blood glucose (FBG), LFT enzyme, and TC levels during the training period, compared to residents from the medical and clinical support departments. Residents who were working ≥ 80 hours showed significantly higher FBG and LFT enzyme levels than those working < 80 hours. Conclusion This study is meaningful as it is the first study in Korea to investigate the changes in the health of residents through objective health indicators. The possibility of the 4-year training period adversely affecting the health of residents was confirmed. Health indicators were significantly worsened, especially in the early training period, in surgical residents, and in residents who worked for long hours. Efforts are needed to restrict long working hours and distribute workload during the 4-year training period.

No abstract available.
Basophils ; Lead Poisoning

Background: In this study, we presented the national cancer statistics on the incidence of hematologic malignancies in the Republic of Korea (ROK) over a period of 20 years, from 1999 to 2018. Methods: We obtained data on the incidence of hematologic malignancies using the Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS). For each hematologic malignancy, the number of cases, crude incidence rate, and age-standardized incidence rate were calculated, and the statistical trends were confirmed by Poisson regression and Joinpoint regression analysis. Results: All the investigated hematologic malignancies showed a statistically significant increase in incidence over 20 years. The 20-year trend of the age-standardized incidence rate was as follows: non-Hodgkin lymphoma [average annual percent change (AAPC)=2.26%, P-trend ＜0.05], leukemia (AAPC=0.94%, P-trend ＜0.05), myeloid leukemia (AAPC=1.44%, P-trend ＜0.05), multiple myeloma (AAPC=3.05%, P-trend ＜0.05), myeloproliferative disorders (AAPC=9.87%, P-trend ＜0.05), myelodysplastic syndrome (AAPC=7.59%, P-trend ＜0.05), malignant immunoproliferative diseases (AAPC=11.82%, P-trend ＜0.05), lymphoid leukemia (AAPC=2.21%, P-trend ＜0.05), and Hodgkin lymphoma (AAPC=4.04%, P ＜0.05). Conclusion It was confirmed that the incidence of hematologic malignancies has increased significantly in the ROK over the past 20 years. This study can be used as foundational data source for future studies. In addition, it can aid in the necessary actions of predicting future incidences and establishing future healthcare policies.

Diagnosis of an adrenal tumor without typical clinical signs related to hyperadrenocorticism and elevated alkaline phosphatase is challenging. This report describes a sex hormone-secreting adrenal tumor in a 10-year-old castrated male Shih Tzu evaluated through repetitive ultrasonographic examination. An adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test revealed elevated concentrations of androstenedione and 17-hydroxyprogesterone but a normal cortisol concentration. A mass was surgically excised and adenoma was diagnosed histopathologically. In the present case, adrenal tumor was strongly suspected based on a gradual increase in adrenal size and a change from peanut shape to an irregular mass on repetitive ultrasonography. Repetitive ultrasonographic examination of the adrenal gland is recommended when an abnormal ultrasonographic appearance of adrenal gland is identified, even in an asymptomatic dog.
17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone ; Adenoma* ; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ; Adrenal Glands ; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Androstenedione ; Animals ; Arachis ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Dogs ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Male ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: In Asian countries, including Korea, lead poisoning caused by traditional herbal medicines is often observed in the clinic. However, there have been no reports thus far of lead poisoning caused by drugs that were approved by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Here, we describe seven patients who ingested a problematic natural product-derived drug (NPD). CASE PRESENTATION: In July 2018, seven patients visited a university hospital after ingesting an NPD, S. capsules. These patients complained of various symptoms, and their blood lead levels (BLLs) were elevated relative to those of the general population (arithmetic mean: 19.5 ± 11.6 µg/dL, range: 6.28–35.25 µg/dL). The total doses and BLLs were directly proportional to each other among the patients (r = 0.943, p = 0.001). After the patients discontinued drug intake, their BLLs decreased gradually. The capsule was confirmed to contain lead above the standard value (arithmetic mean: 2,547 ± 1,821.9 ppm). CONCLUSION: This incident highlights the need to strengthen standards for the management of NPD ingredients in Korea. NPDs are more likely to be contaminated than other drugs. Thorough management by the KFDA is essential to prevent a recurrence. Moreover, systematic health care is needed for many patients who have taken problematic NPDs.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Capsules ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Korea ; Lead Poisoning ; Recurrence ; United States Food and Drug Administration

BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that night shiftwork may increase the risk of prostate cancer and elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. The purpose of this study was to verify whether rotating night shiftwork affects serum PSA level. METHODS: This study included 3,195 male production workers who work in a large tire manufacturing factory. Serum PSA levels were measured and the data on related factors were obtained. RESULTS: The mean serum PSA level was 0.98 ± 0.79 ng/mL. PSA levels were significantly lower in the younger age group, the obese group, and regular exercise group. PSA levels were lower in night shift workers (n = 2,832) compared to day workers (n = 363), but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike previous studies, we did not find any evidence that night shiftwork results in an increase in serum PSA levels. Further research and consistent results are needed to elucidate the association between night shiftwork and the effect on the prostate.
Circadian Rhythm ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms