The temporal lobe is essential in saving declarative memory and plays an important role along with the cerebral neocortex in creating and maintaining long-term memory. Damage to the temporal lobe is expected to result in cognitive impairment or dementia, which has characteristic symptoms such as cognitive and behavioral dysfunction and decreasing self-reliance in activities of daily living. We report on a patient, who suffered from dementia due to meningovascular syphilis affecting the medial temporal lobe, and on the outcome of cognitive rehabilitation.
Activities of Daily Living ; Dementia ; Humans ; Memory ; Memory, Long-Term ; Neocortex ; Syphilis ; Temporal Lobe

The temporal lobe is essential in saving declarative memory and plays an important role along with the cerebral neocortex in creating and maintaining long-term memory. Damage to the temporal lobe is expected to result in cognitive impairment or dementia, which has characteristic symptoms such as cognitive and behavioral dysfunction and decreasing self-reliance in activities of daily living. We report on a patient, who suffered from dementia due to meningovascular syphilis affecting the medial temporal lobe, and on the outcome of cognitive rehabilitation.
Activities of Daily Living ; Dementia ; Humans ; Memory ; Memory, Long-Term ; Neocortex ; Syphilis ; Temporal Lobe

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported the effects of direction of shift rotation on sleep, however, the findings are inconsistent. In this study, we investigated sleep quality related to direction of shift rotation using large-scale data from shiftwork-specific health examinations of electronics workers. METHODS: This study included 4750 electronics workers working in a rotating 3-shift system who completed a medical examination for shift workers survey from January 1 to December 31, 2014, at a general hospital. The subjects were categorized into one of two groups according to direction of shift rotation. We compared sleep quality index between the subjects who worked in forward rotation and backward rotation systems. RESULTS: Backward rotation was positively associated with prevalence of poor sleep quality. In the multivariable-adjusted model, when comparing backward rotation to forward rotation, the odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) for poor sleep quality was 1.95 (1.58–2.41). After stratifying by gender, the ORs (95 % CIs) for poor sleep quality in male and female was 1.92 (1.47–2.49) and 2.13 (1.47–3.08), respectively. In subgroup analyses, backward rotation was significantly associated with poor sleep quality in workers ≥30 years of age compared with workers <30 years of age (adjusted OR 2.60 vs. 1.89, respectively; P for interaction <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports that a backward rotation system is associated with poor sleep quality. Forward rotation systems should be considered to reduce sleep problems.
Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence

PURPOSE: Until now, there has been no standardized method for insertion of the introducer needle in ultrasound-guided internal jugular venous catheterization (IJVC). The needle insertion site and angle have been determined by the performer's experiences. In an effort to improve first attempt success rates and reduce complications, we designed a new standardized approach (called the 45degrees set square method) for determination of the site and angle of needle insertion during ultrasound-guided IJVC. This study investigated that the clinical usefulness of the novel 45degrees set square method for ultrasound-guided IJVC in the emergency department. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study in the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary teaching hospital. Forty one patients requiring central venous catheterization were enrolled in the study. They were randomized to either the conventional ultrasound guidance group or the 45degrees set square group. The primary outcome measure was success rate within three attempts and secondary measures were the number of trials, first-attempt success, puncture time, complications, and technical difficulty score. RESULTS: All 41 participants completed this study successfully. Twenty one consecutive patients were enrolled in the 45degrees set square group and 20 were enrolled in the conventional group. The 45degrees set square group (100%) was superior to the conventional group (60%) in overall success rate within three attempts (p=0.001) and the number of attempts (p<0.001). Significant differences in puncture time (p=0.004), hematoma (p=0.048), and technical difficulty score (p<0.001) were observed between the groups. CONCLUSION: The 45degrees set square method is an effective and safe method for ultrasound-guided internal jugular venous catheterization.
Catheterization ; Catheterization, Central Venous ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters ; Emergencies ; Hematoma ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Needles ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Prospective Studies ; Punctures

Objectives: We introduced the cohort studies included in the Korean Cohort Consortium (KCC), focusing on large-scale cohort studies established in Korea with a prolonged follow-up period. Moreover, we also provided projections of the follow-up and estimates of the sample size that would be necessary for big-data analyses based on pooling established cohort studies, including population-based genomic studies. Methods: We mainly focused on the characteristics of individual cohort studies from the KCC. We developed “PROFAN”, a Shiny application for projecting the follow-up period to achieve a certain number of cases when pooling established cohort studies. As examples, we projected the follow-up periods for 5000 cases of gastric cancer, 2500 cases of prostate and breast cancer, and 500 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The sample sizes for sequencing-based analyses based on a 1:1 case-control study were also calculated. Results: The KCC consisted of 8 individual cohort studies, of which 3 were community-based and 5 were health screening-based cohorts. The population-based cohort studies were mainly organized by Korean government agencies and research institutes. The projected follow-up period was at least 10 years to achieve 5000 cases based on a cohort of 0.5 million participants. The mean of the minimum to maximum sample sizes for performing sequencing analyses was 5917-72 102. Conclusions We propose an approach to establish a large-scale consortium based on the standardization and harmonization of existing cohort studies to obtain adequate statistical power with a sufficient sample size to analyze high-risk groups or rare cancer subtypes.