INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical result of vertical alveolar distraction, especially the distracted alveolar bone and installed implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one patients who have been received the vertical alveolar distraction and implant installation on 22 areas (3 maxilla and 19 mandible) using intraoral alveolar distraction device were examined. After consolidation period of 3-4 months, distraction devices were removed and 91 implants were installed in the distracted alveolar bone. The distracted bone and implants were evaluated clinically and radiographically. RESULTS: Mean height of distracted alveolar bone was 7.5+/-3.2 mm (range: 2.5-15.0 mm). Mean follow-up period after completion of the distraction was 3.1 years (range: 1.4-11.5 years). Mean resorption of distracted alveolar bone was 1.6+/-1.8 mm. The success and survival rates of implants was 95.3% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Results of this study indicate that vertical alveolar distraction procedure is a useful and stable method for alveolar ridge augmentation and implantation.
Alveolar Ridge Augmentation ; Dental Implants ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Osteogenesis ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Survival Rate

Animals ; Calcium Phosphates ; Membranes ; Osteogenesis ; Parietal Bone ; Rats ; Skull ; Transplants

Adult ; Animals ; Bone and Bones ; Bone Regeneration ; Connective Tissue ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits ; Skull ; Sutures ; Titanium ; Transplants

0.05). In transverse plane, the distance between S1-S0 of PNS was -3.87+/-2.37 mm, S2-S0 of PNS was -3.79+/-2.39 mm, and S1-S2 of PNS was -0.08+/-0.18 mm. There were significant differences between these data (P<0.05). In coronal plane, the distance between S1-S0 of A-point was 3.99+/-0.86 mm, S2-S0 was 3.57+/-1.09 mm, and S1-S2 was 0.42+/-0.42 mm. There were significant differences between these data (P<0.05). In coronal plane, the distance between S1-S0 of PNS was 3.82+/-0.96 mm, S2-S0 was 3.43+/-0.91 mm, and S1-S2 was 0.39+/-0.49 mm. There were significant differences between these data (P<0.05). In transverse plane, it was estimated that PNS has no statistical postoperative stability in the same direction. In coronal plane, it was estimated that both A-point and PNS had no statistical postoperative stability (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Clinically, the operation plan needs to take into account of the maxillary relapse.]]>
Humans ; Malocclusion ; Maxilla ; Osteotomy ; Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus ; Recurrence ; Spine

Background: The aim of this multicenter, randomized, open-label, comparative, investigator-blinded study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) combined with β-TCP (rhBMP-2/β-TCP) in alveolar ridge preservation. Materials and methods: Eighty-four subjects from three centers were enrolled in this clinical trial. After tooth extraction, rhBMP-2/β-TCP (n = 41, test group) or β-TCP (n = 43, control group) were grafted to the extraction socket with an absorbable barrier membrane for alveolar ridge preservation. Using computed tomography images obtained immediately after and 12 weeks after surgery, changes in the alveolar bone height and width were analyzed for each group and compared between the two groups. Results: Both the test and control groups showed a significant decrease in alveolar bone height in the 12 weeks after surgery (both groups, p < 0.0001). However, the test group exhibited a significantly lower decrease in alveolar bone height than the control group (p = 0.0004). Alveolar bone width also showed significantly less resorption in the test group than in the control group for all extraction socket levels (ESL) (p = 0.0152 for 75% ESL; p < 0.0001 for 50% ESL; p < 0.0001 for 25% ESL). There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups. No severe adverse events occurred in either group. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that rhBMP-2/β-TCP is a safe graft material that provides a high alveolar bone preservation effect in patients receiving dental extraction.

Objectives: Selection of treatment methods for mandibular condylar fractures remains controversial. In this study, we investigated treatment methods for condylar fractures to determine the indications for open or closed reduction. Patients and Methods: Patients >12 years of age treated for mandibular condylar fractures with a follow-up period of ≥3 months were included inthis study. The medical records of enrolled patients were reviewed for sex, age, fracture site, treatment method (open or closed reconstruction), postoperative intermaxillary fixation period, operation time, and complications. Radiological analysis of fracture fragment displacement and changes in ramal height difference was performed using computed tomography and panoramic radiography. Results: A total of 198 patients was investigated, 48.0% (n=95) of whom underwent closed reduction and 52.0% (n=103) underwent open reduction.There was no significant correlation between reduction method and patient sex, age, or follow-up period. No statistically significant difference between the incidence of complications and treatment method was observed. None of the patients underwent open reduction of condylar head fracture. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that open reduction was significantly more frequent in patients with subcondylar fracture compared to in those with a fracture in the condylar head area. There was no statistically significant correlation between the groups and fracture fragment displacement. However, there was a significant difference between the treatment groups in amount of change in ramal height difference between the fractured and the nonfractured sides during treatment. Conclusion No significant clinical differences were found between the open and closed reduction methods in patients with mandibular condylar fractures. According to fracture site, closed reduction was preferred for condyle head fractures. There was no significant relationship between fracture fragment displacement and treatment method.

OBJECTIVES: This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the clinical impact of diabetes mellitus on the prognosis in secondary space infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records, radiographic images, computed tomography, and microbial studies of 51 patients (25 diabetic patients and 26 non-diabetic patients) were reviewed. Patients were diagnosed as secondary fascial space infections with odontogenic origin and underwent treatment at Chonnam National University Hospital, in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, from January 2007 to February 2009. RESULTS: Compared to patients without diabetes, patients with diabetes were presented with the following characteristics: older age (diabetic patients: 62.9 years, non-diabetic patients, 47.8 years), more spaces involved (diabetic patients, 60%; non-diabetic patients, 27.3%), more intense treatment, longer hospitalization (diabetic patients, 28.9 days; non-diabetic patients, 15.4 days), higher white blood cell and C-reactive protein values, higher incidence of complication (diabetic patients, 40%; non-diabetic patients, 7.7%), and distinctive main causative microorganisms. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the prognosis of diabetic patients is poorer than that of non-diabetic patients in secondary space infections since they had greater incidence rates of involved spaces, abnormal hematologic findings, more complications, and additional procedures, such as tracheostomy.
Abscess ; Bacterial Infections ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cellulitis ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukocytes ; Medical Records ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgery, Oral ; Tracheostomy

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of platelet rich plasma in bone formation and osseointegration of implant installed in the bone marrow space. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five beagle dogs were used as experimental animals. Two implants were installed on each tibia in the dogs. Implants of the control group were installed with no additional graft. Those of the experimental group 1 were installed with autogenous bone graft from the ilium autogenous bone. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) alone was used in experimental group 2 and the mixture of PRP and autogenous bone was used in experimental group 3. The animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks after implantation. The parts of tibia containing implant were harvested and radiographs were taken for radiographic examination. The specimens were prepared for histological examination and histomorphometric analysis of implant-bone contact ratios. RESULTS: 1. All implants showed sufficient osseointegration in the cortical bone radiographically and histologically, but osseointergration in the marrow space was not satisfactory. 2. Histomorphometrically, the implant-bone contact ratios in the bone marrow was sequentially high in the experimental group 3 (autogenous bone + PRP group), group 1 (autogenous bone group), group 2 (PRP group), and control group (non-additive). 3. It was verified that there was statistical significance between two experimental groups (group 1 and 3) and the other groups (group 2 and control group). (P<0.005) 4. However, there was no statistical significance between group 3 and group 1, also group 2 and control group respectively. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that platelet rich plasma is effective to osseointegration in the implant installation but there is no statistical significance.
Animals ; Blood Platelets ; Bone Marrow ; Dogs ; Ilium ; Osseointegration ; Osteogenesis ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Tibia ; Transplants

INTRODUCTION: Bone resorption is a unique function of osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are a specialized macrophage polykaryon whose differentiation is regulated principally by macrophage colony-stimulating factors, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANK) ligand, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and interleukins (IL). Reflecting the integrin-mediated signals, osteoclasts develop a specialized cytoskeleton that allows it to establish an isolated micro-environment between itself and the bone, wherein matrix degradation occurs by a process involving proton transport. The levels of IL-1, IL-6, OPG, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) expression were evaluated to study the correlations between dental implant teeth and the adjacent teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The exudate of the gingival crevice acquired from dental implants, adjacent teeth, opposite teeth and contralateral teeth of 24 patients. RESULTS: 1. The levels of IL-1, IL-6, OPG and PGE2 expression in dental implant teeth were higher than those of the contralateral teeth. 2. IL-1 revealed a higher expression level in the adjacent teeth than in dental implant teeth. 3. The dental implant teeth and adjacent teeth did not show a remarkable difference in the level of IL-1 expression. 4. All the other cytokines were strongly expressed in the dental implant compared to the adjacent teeth. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that there might be close correlation between dental implant teeth and adjacent teeth in terms of the expressions of cytokines that affect the development and regulation of osteoclasts.
Bone Resorption ; Cytokines ; Cytoskeleton ; Dental Implants ; Dinoprostone ; Exudates and Transudates ; Humans ; Interleukin-1 ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukins ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Macrophages ; Osteoclasts ; Osteoprotegerin ; Protons ; RANK Ligand ; Tooth