1.Predictors of Psychiatric Outpatient Adherence after an Emergency Room Visit for a Suicide Attempt
Jin SHIN ; Seungbeom YANG ; Doo-Heum PARK ; Seung-Ho RYU ; Jee Hyun HA ; Jong Won KIM ; Hong Jun JEON
Psychiatry Investigation 2020;17(9):896-901
Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the potential correlation between baseline characteristics of individuals visiting an emergency room for a suicide attempt and subsequent psychiatric outpatient treatment adherence.
Methods:
Medical records of 525 subjects, who visited an emergency room at a university-affiliated hospital for a suicide attempt between January 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Potential associations between baseline characteristics and psychiatric outpatient visitation were statistically analyzed.
Results:
107 out of 525 individuals (20.4%) who attempted suicide visited an outpatient clinic after the initial emergency room visit. Several factors (e.g., sober during suicide attempt, college degree, practicing religion, psychiatric treatment history) were significantly related to better psychiatric outpatient follow-up.
Conclusion
Several demographic and clinical factors predicted outpatient adherence following a suicide attempt. Therefore, additional attention should be given to suicide attempters who are at the risk of non-adherence by practitioners in the emergency room.
2.Lymph node size and its association with nodal metastasis in ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
Jaehoon SHIN ; Seungbeom SHIN ; Jae Hoon LEE ; Ki Byung SONG ; Dae Wook HWANG ; Hyoung Jung KIM ; Jae Ho BYUN ; HyungJun CHO ; Song Cheol KIM ; Seung-Mo HONG
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine 2020;54(5):387-395
Background:
Although lymph node metastasis is a poor prognostic factor in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), our understanding of lymph node size in association with PDAC is limited. Increased nodal size in preoperative imaging has been used to detect node metastasis. We evaluated whether lymph node size can be used as a surrogate preoperative marker of lymph node metastasis.
Methods:
We assessed nodal size and compared it to the nodal metastatic status of 200 patients with surgically resected PDAC. The size of all lymph nodes and metastatic nodal foci were measured along the long and short axis, and the relationships between nodal size and metastatic status were compared at six cutoff points.
Results:
A total of 4,525 lymph nodes were examined, 9.1% of which were metastatic. The mean size of the metastatic nodes (long axis, 6.9±5.0 mm; short axis, 4.3±3.1 mm) was significantly larger than that of the non-metastatic nodes (long axis, 5.0±4.0 mm; short axis, 3.0±2.0 mm; all p<.001). Using a 10 mm cutoff, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, overall accuracy, and area under curve was 24.8%, 88.0%, 17.1%, 82.3%, and 0.60 for the long axis and 7.0%, 99.0%, 40.3%, 90.6%, and 0.61 for the short axis, respectively.
Conclusions
The metastatic nodes are larger than the non-metastatic nodes in PDAC patients. However, the difference in nodal size was too small to be identified with preoperative imaging. The performance of preoperative radiologic imaging to predict lymph nodal metastasis was not good. Therefore, nodal size cannot be used a surrogate preoperative marker of lymph node metastasis.
3.Paraquat Induces Apoptosis through a Mitochondria-Dependent Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells.
Yeo Jin JANG ; Jong Hoon WON ; Moon Jung BACK ; Zhicheng FU ; Ji Min JANG ; Hae Chan HA ; Seungbeom HONG ; Minsun CHANG ; Dae Kyong KIM
Biomolecules & Therapeutics 2015;23(5):407-413
Paraquat dichloride (N,N-dimethyl-4-4'-bipiridinium, PQ) is an extremely toxic chemical that is widely used in herbicides. PQ generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causes multiple organ failure. In particular, PQ has been reported to be an immunotoxic agrochemical compound. PQ was shown to decrease the number of macrophages in rats and suppress monocyte phagocytic activity in mice. However, the effect of PQ on macrophage cell viability remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect of PQ on the mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7 and its possible mechanism of action. RAW264.7 cells were treated with PQ (0, 75, and 150 muM), and cellular apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and intracellular ROS levels were determined. Morphological changes to the cell nucleus and cellular apoptosis were also evaluated by DAPI and Annexin V staining, respectively. In this study, PQ induced apoptotic cell death by dose-dependently decreasing MMP. Additionally, PQ increased the cleaved form of caspase-3, an apoptotic marker. In conclusion, PQ induces apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Thus, our study improves our knowledge of PQ-induced toxicity, and may give us a greater understanding of how PQ affects the immune system.
Animals
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Annexin A5
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Apoptosis*
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Caspase 3
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Cell Death
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Cell Line
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Cell Nucleus
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Cell Survival
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Herbicides
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Immune System
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Macrophages
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Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial
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Mice
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Mitochondria
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Monocytes
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Multiple Organ Failure
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Paraquat*
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Rats
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Reactive Oxygen Species