Background: Body mass index (BMI) is associated with inflammation, immune response, and chronic pain. However, the impact of BMI on pain in patients with herpes zoster remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether BMI was associated with acute pain and postherpetic neuralgia in patients with herpes zoster. Methods: We analyzed medical records of 620 patients with herpes zoster, aged ≥50 years, from 2017 to 2021. BMI was classified into three categories: underweight, BMI＜18.5 kg/m2 ; normal, 18.5 kg/m2 ≤BMI＜25.0 kg/m2 ; and obesity, BMI≥25.0 kg/m2 . Acute pain in patients with herpes zoster was assessed using a numeric rating scale (NRS) with scores ranging from 0∼10. To evaluate acute and chronic pain in patients with herpes zoster, we used a multiple linear regression model for the acute pain score and a multivariate logistic regression model for the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia. Results: The acute pain NRS score was higher in the underweight group than in the normal group (3.9 vs. 3.0, p=0.01). No significant differences were observed between the obese and normal-weight groups. In multivariate analysis, odds ratio for postherpetic neuralgia in the obesity group was 1.80 (95% confidence interval, 1.22∼2.66;p＜0.01) compared to the normal weight group. However, the odds ratio for postherpetic neuralgia in the underweight group was not significantly different from that in the normal-weight group. Conclusion In patients with herpes zoster, being underweight was associated with a higher NRS score of acute pain than normal weight, and obesity was associated with a higher incidence of postherpetic neuralgia than normal weight.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is associated with inflammation, immune response, and chronic pain. However, the impact of BMI on pain in patients with herpes zoster remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether BMI was associated with acute pain and postherpetic neuralgia in patients with herpes zoster. Methods: We analyzed medical records of 620 patients with herpes zoster, aged ≥50 years, from 2017 to 2021. BMI was classified into three categories: underweight, BMI＜18.5 kg/m2 ; normal, 18.5 kg/m2 ≤BMI＜25.0 kg/m2 ; and obesity, BMI≥25.0 kg/m2 . Acute pain in patients with herpes zoster was assessed using a numeric rating scale (NRS) with scores ranging from 0∼10. To evaluate acute and chronic pain in patients with herpes zoster, we used a multiple linear regression model for the acute pain score and a multivariate logistic regression model for the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia. Results: The acute pain NRS score was higher in the underweight group than in the normal group (3.9 vs. 3.0, p=0.01). No significant differences were observed between the obese and normal-weight groups. In multivariate analysis, odds ratio for postherpetic neuralgia in the obesity group was 1.80 (95% confidence interval, 1.22∼2.66;p＜0.01) compared to the normal weight group. However, the odds ratio for postherpetic neuralgia in the underweight group was not significantly different from that in the normal-weight group. Conclusion In patients with herpes zoster, being underweight was associated with a higher NRS score of acute pain than normal weight, and obesity was associated with a higher incidence of postherpetic neuralgia than normal weight.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is associated with inflammation, immune response, and chronic pain. However, the impact of BMI on pain in patients with herpes zoster remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether BMI was associated with acute pain and postherpetic neuralgia in patients with herpes zoster. Methods: We analyzed medical records of 620 patients with herpes zoster, aged ≥50 years, from 2017 to 2021. BMI was classified into three categories: underweight, BMI＜18.5 kg/m2 ; normal, 18.5 kg/m2 ≤BMI＜25.0 kg/m2 ; and obesity, BMI≥25.0 kg/m2 . Acute pain in patients with herpes zoster was assessed using a numeric rating scale (NRS) with scores ranging from 0∼10. To evaluate acute and chronic pain in patients with herpes zoster, we used a multiple linear regression model for the acute pain score and a multivariate logistic regression model for the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia. Results: The acute pain NRS score was higher in the underweight group than in the normal group (3.9 vs. 3.0, p=0.01). No significant differences were observed between the obese and normal-weight groups. In multivariate analysis, odds ratio for postherpetic neuralgia in the obesity group was 1.80 (95% confidence interval, 1.22∼2.66;p＜0.01) compared to the normal weight group. However, the odds ratio for postherpetic neuralgia in the underweight group was not significantly different from that in the normal-weight group. Conclusion In patients with herpes zoster, being underweight was associated with a higher NRS score of acute pain than normal weight, and obesity was associated with a higher incidence of postherpetic neuralgia than normal weight.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is associated with inflammation, immune response, and chronic pain. However, the impact of BMI on pain in patients with herpes zoster remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether BMI was associated with acute pain and postherpetic neuralgia in patients with herpes zoster. Methods: We analyzed medical records of 620 patients with herpes zoster, aged ≥50 years, from 2017 to 2021. BMI was classified into three categories: underweight, BMI＜18.5 kg/m2 ; normal, 18.5 kg/m2 ≤BMI＜25.0 kg/m2 ; and obesity, BMI≥25.0 kg/m2 . Acute pain in patients with herpes zoster was assessed using a numeric rating scale (NRS) with scores ranging from 0∼10. To evaluate acute and chronic pain in patients with herpes zoster, we used a multiple linear regression model for the acute pain score and a multivariate logistic regression model for the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia. Results: The acute pain NRS score was higher in the underweight group than in the normal group (3.9 vs. 3.0, p=0.01). No significant differences were observed between the obese and normal-weight groups. In multivariate analysis, odds ratio for postherpetic neuralgia in the obesity group was 1.80 (95% confidence interval, 1.22∼2.66;p＜0.01) compared to the normal weight group. However, the odds ratio for postherpetic neuralgia in the underweight group was not significantly different from that in the normal-weight group. Conclusion In patients with herpes zoster, being underweight was associated with a higher NRS score of acute pain than normal weight, and obesity was associated with a higher incidence of postherpetic neuralgia than normal weight.

The number of imaging data sets has significantly increased during radiation treatment after introducing a diverse range of advanced techniques into the field of radiation oncology. As a consequence, there have been many studies proposing meaningful applications of imaging data set use. These applications commonly require a method to align the data sets at a reference. Deformable image registration (DIR) is a process which satisfies this requirement by locally registering image data sets into a reference image set. DIR identifies the spatial correspondence in order to minimize the differences between two or among multiple sets of images. This article describes clinical applications, validation, and algorithms of DIR techniques. Applications of DIR in radiation treatment include dose accumulation, mathematical modeling, automatic segmentation, and functional imaging. Validation methods discussed are based on anatomical landmarks, physical phantoms, digital phantoms, and per application purpose. DIR algorithms are also briefly reviewed with respect to two algorithmic components: similarity index and deformation models.
Dataset ; Methods ; Models, Theoretical ; Radiation Oncology

This study examined the influence of the apical sizes on the sealing ability of a root canal filling. Thirty-six single rooted teeth with a single canal were divided into 3 groups (n = 12) and instrumented with either the Profile(R) or LightSpeed(R) system to achieve three different apical sizes (master apical file [MAF] of #25, #40, or #60). The teeth were filled with gutta percha using a modified continuous wave technique. The level of microleakage was determined by immersing ten teeth from each group into India ink for 1 week followed by clearing with nitric acid, ethyl-alcohol, and methylsalicylate. The microleakage was measured using vernier calipers. The data was analyzed statistically using Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA and a Student-Newman-Keuls Method. Two teeth from each group were sectioned horizontally at 1, 2, 3 and 4 mm from the apex in order to observe a cross section. The apical size was significantly (p < .05) influenced the level of microleakage. In the Student-Newman-Deuls Method, MAF sizes of #25 and #40; and MAF sizes of #25 and #60, respectively showed a statistically significant difference. There was no significant difference between #40 and #60. In most cross sections, oval-shaped canals were observed, and the irregularity of the internal surface increased with decreasing apical size. There was also an increase in the area of recess, which is the area where the canal space is not filled with either gutta-percha or sealer. When the root canals are filled using a modified continuous wave technique, canal filling with more consistent and predictable outcome may be expected as the apical preparation size is increased.
Carbon ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Gutta-Percha ; India ; Ink ; Nitric Acid ; Salicylates ; Tooth

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can detect bacteria more rapidly than conventional plate counting. However DNA-based assays cannot distinguish between viable and dead cells due to persistence of DNA after cells have lost their vitality. Recently, propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment has been introduced. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the applicability of the PMA treatment and real-time PCR method for cell counting in comparison with plate counting and to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of 2% CHX on E. faecalis using PMA treatment in combination with real-time PCR. Firstly, to elucidate the relationship between the proportion of viable cells and the real-time PCR signals after PMA treatment, mixtures with different ratios of viable and dead cells were used. Secondly, relative difference of viable cells using PMA treatment in combination with real-time PCR was compared with CFU by plate counting. Lastly, antibacterial efficacy of 2% CHX on E. faecalis was measured using PMA treatment in combination with real-time PCR. The results were as follows : 1. Ct value increased with decreasing proportion of viable E. faecalis. 2. There was correlation between viable cells measured by real-time PCR after PMA treatment and CFU by plate counting until Optical density (OD) value remains under 1.0. However, viable cells measured by real-time PCR after PMA treatment have decreased at 1.5 of OD value while CFU kept increasing. 3. Relative difference of viable E. faecalis decreased more after longer application of 2% CHX.
Azides ; Bacteria ; Cell Count ; Chlorhexidine ; DNA ; Enterococcus ; Enterococcus faecalis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Propidium ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

In this study, we developed MobileNurseTM; a prototype of mobile nursing information system using PDA. MobileNurseTM is designed to communicate with hospital information system(HIS) via mobile support station(MSS) which interchanges and stores clinical data. MobileNurseTM consists of 3 components. The first component is medical order checking module. It enables nurses to retrieve patients' information such as physicians' orders and test results at anywhere or anytime. The second component is nursing recording module which helps nurses to record the results of their practices at bedside. On the autosynchronization of MSS and PDA, the data in PDA and MSS can be interchanged and updated respectively. The last component is nursing unit care planing module. It is helpful for retrieving the nursing care plans of patients that are expected to be done, such as patients' discharge, consultation, or transfer. With use of PDA in clinical environment, nurses can spend more time on caring for patients by reducing time-consuming, redundant paperwork. It is promising that this 'point-of-care system enables nurses to improve the quality of nursing care.
Humans ; Information Systems* ; Nursing Care ; Nursing Records ; Nursing* ; Patient Care Planning