No abstract available.
Bleomycin* ; Lymphangioma, Cystic*

No abstract available.
Rhinoplasty*

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(PAP) is a rare disease in which the alveolar spaces are filled with an eosinophilic, PAS-positive material, whereas the interstitial architecture of the lung usually remains unaffected. Although a definitive diagnosis is usually made by an open lung biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) cytology may play a decisive role in the diagnosis and therapy of these patients and may spare a patient a more invasive diagnostic procedure. The author presents a patient in whom BAL cytology specimen contained the characteristic globules of amorphous proteinaceous PAS-positive material accompanied by background of rare macrophages and inflammatory cells. Ultrastructural study using BAL specimen can confirm the diagnosis of PAP.
Biopsy ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage* ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Lung ; Macrophages ; Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis* ; Rare Diseases

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a rare tumor accounting for less than 1% of all cervical adenocarcinoma. This tumor is characterized by aggressive biological behavior with frequent local recurrence or metastatic spread, postmenopausal onset, and occasional association with conventional squamous cell carcinoma. The cytologic diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the uterine cervix is often difficult because of negative smear due to intact overlying mucosa, cytologic findings mimicking endometrial cells, and masquerade as squamous cell carcinoma. Recently we have experienced a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma arising in the uterine cervix, which was identified on the routine Papanicolaou smear and was histologically confirmed by the consequent biopsy. The smear showed abundant cellularity composed of relatively uniform cells. The tumor cells were arranged in small clusters, acini, naked cells, and loose sheets with abortive cribriform pattern. There were scattered globoid basement membrane-like materials and tumor diathesis. The nuclei were pleomorphic and showed hyperchromatic and coarsely granular choromatin with inconspicuous nucleoli. The punch biopsy of the uterine cervix showed typical histologic findings of adenoid cystic carcinoma characterized by tumor nests composed of hyperchromatic uniform basaloid cells, cribriform pattern, and cylindrical hyaline bodies.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoids* ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervix Uteri* ; Diagnosis ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Hyalin ; Mucous Membrane ; Papanicolaou Test ; Recurrence

Understanding the genetic background of hearing loss is important since almost 50% of the cases of profound hearing loss are caused by genetic factors. Until now, more than 150 causative genes have been identified. In this review, classification of genetic hearing loss (syndromic versus non-syndromic, recessive versus dominant, X-linked and mitochondrial), pitfalls in elucidating causative genes, anatomy of the inner ear, introduction of the most common syndromic hearing loss, introduction of the most common non-syndromic hearing loss-causing genes, mitochondrial and multifactorial hearing losses were discussed. Moreover, clinical approaches to the patients with hereditary hearing loss and genetic counseling were also explained briefly. Finally, future directions of the hereditary hearing loss research in Korean population were presented.
Ear, Inner ; Genes, Mitochondrial ; Genetic Counseling ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss ; Humans

A clear cell islet cell tumor of the pancreas is extremely rare and characterized by extensive clear cell components. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical findings are essential to prove that the mass with clear cells is an unusual manifestation of an islet cell tumor. Herein, we report a case of clear cell islet cell tumor of a 54-year-old woman with abdominal pain. The tumor was composed of polygonal clear cells arranged in nests, trabeculae, and ribbon pattern with the extensively fibrous stroma. These tumor cells showed strong reactivity for chromogranin and weak reactivity for somatostatin and glucagon. An electron microscope revealed that the important contributing factor of the clear cytoplasmic change was mainly due to an accumulation of lipid droplets, coupled with cytoplasmic swelling in some areas. Some tumor cells showed many endosecretory granules ranging from 111 to 297nm in diameter. In the clinical and immunohistochemical findings these granules were consistent with somatostatin granules in morphology and size.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenoma, Islet Cell* ; Cellular Structures ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Glucagon ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans* ; Middle Aged ; Pancreas* ; Somatostatin

A clear cell islet cell tumor of the pancreas is extremely rare and characterized by extensive clear cell components. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical findings are essential to prove that the mass with clear cells is an unusual manifestation of an islet cell tumor. Herein, we report a case of clear cell islet cell tumor of a 54-year-old woman with abdominal pain. The tumor was composed of polygonal clear cells arranged in nests, trabeculae, and ribbon pattern with the extensively fibrous stroma. These tumor cells showed strong reactivity for chromogranin and weak reactivity for somatostatin and glucagon. An electron microscope revealed that the important contributing factor of the clear cytoplasmic change was mainly due to an accumulation of lipid droplets, coupled with cytoplasmic swelling in some areas. Some tumor cells showed many endosecretory granules ranging from 111 to 297nm in diameter. In the clinical and immunohistochemical findings these granules were consistent with somatostatin granules in morphology and size.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenoma, Islet Cell* ; Cellular Structures ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Glucagon ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans* ; Middle Aged ; Pancreas* ; Somatostatin

No abstract available.
Pressure Ulcer*

Recently halothane and enflurane are commonly used inhalational anesthetic agents in our country. However, it is a controversial matter whether these agents are a potential threat to the liver. Therefore, in order to evaluate the effects of halothane and enflurane on the hepatic function, we divided a anesthetized patients into the following 4 groups. 1st group; low spinal anesthesia. 2nd group; single inhalational anesthesia with halothane.3rd group; repeated secondary inhalational anesthesia with halothane. 4th group; secondary inhalational anesthesia with enflurane following halothane. On postoperative 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th day, we checked the levels of SGOT, SGPT and ALP. The results are as follows. group 1. Low spinal anesthesia(10 cases) ;SGOT and SGPT levels-no change or recovered in 9 cases (90%) ALP level-no change in all cases. group 2. Single inhalational anesthesia with halothane (14 cases) ;SGOT and SGPT levels-no change or recovered in 13 cases(92%) severely changed in 1 case. ALP level-no change or recovered in 13 cases (92%) group 3. Repeat 2ndary halothane anesthesia following previous halothane anesthesia. (14cases) ; SGOT level-no-change or recovered in 11 cases (79%), severely changed in 2 cases. SGPT level-no-change or recovered in 11 cases (79%), severely changed in 3 cases. ALP level-no-change or recovered in 11 cases (79%), severely changed in 1 case group 4. Repeated 2ndary enflurane anesthesia following previous halothane anesthesia. (11 cases) ; SGOT level-no-change or recovered in 8 cases (72%), severely changed in 2 cases SGPT level-no-change or recovered in 8 cases (63%), severely changed in 2 cases ALP level-no-change or recovered in 5 cases (45%), severely changed in 1 case From the above results, more cases of elevated SGOT, SGPT and ALP levels and slower recovery rate were noted in the repeated anesthesia group than in the one time anesthesia group. Not only the anesthetics themselves but also other variables such as disease severity coincidental illness, transfusion, duration of operation and so on are probably responsible for these alterations.
Alanine Transaminase* ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Anesthetics ; Aspartate Aminotransferases* ; Enflurane ; Halothane ; Humans ; Liver