Purpose: Many studies have been conducted on the cause of the medial meniscus posterior horn root (MMPHR) tears. A previous study reported that the relatively large size of the medial femoral condyle (MFC) compared to the size of the medial tibial condyle (MTC) could cause a tear of the MMPHR. The authors conducted a study to confirm that this was correct. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the knee at our Hospital from March 2011 to April 2019 were divided into a group with a tear of MMPHR and a control group without a tear. The size (MFC, MTC) and relative size ratio of the MFC and the MTC (MFC/MTC) were measured and compared to determine if there was any correlation with the tear of MMPHR. Results: The mean MFC size of the 175 patients with MMPHR tear was 24.6±2.1 mm (0°), 23.5±2.1 mm (30°), 24.1±2.2 mm (60°), and the mean MTC size was 28.2±2.2 mm. The mean size of the MFC of the 147 control subjects was 25.2±2.4 mm (0°), 23.9±2.3 mm (30°), and 24.5±2.6 mm (60°), and the mean size of the MTC was 29.0±2.6 mm. The mean ratios (MFC/MTC) of the 175 patients with MMPHR tears were 0.87±0.05 (0°), 0.83±0.04 (30°), and 0.85±0.05 (60°) for each location. The corresponding mean ratios (MFC/MTC) of the 147 control subjects were 0.87±0.05 (0°), 0.83±0.04 (30°), and 0.85±0.05 (60°). There was no significant difference between the patient group and the control group. Conclusion The size and relative ratio of MFC and MTC do not appear to be related to a tear of the MMPHR.

As a solution about many problems of pharmacotherapy for Korean patients with major psychiatric disorders, Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Major Psychiatric Disorders (KMAP) was launched. Recently, a medication algorithm for schizophrenic patients was developed and distributed. This review article showed the designs, processes and methods for developing this algorithm. Also we compared the development of Korean algorithm for schizophrenics with other foreign representative algorithms or clinical practice guidelines. We hope that this review elicit the productive criticism about the rigour, the system of development and the objectivity of content. The limitations and problems of Korean algorithm are also discussed in this review.
Drug Therapy ; Hope ; Humans ; Schizophrenia

Inflammatory aortic aneurysm is rare cause of retroperitoneal fibrosis with ureteral obstruction. Although the treatment options for retroperitoneal fibrosis are variable, a surgical procedure is the best choice when this condition is combined with inflammatory aortic aneurysm. We report here on our experience with laparoscopic bilateral ureterolysis and intraperitonealization of the ureters for the patient suffering with retroperitoneal fibrosis that was caused by an inflammatory aortic aneurysm.
Aortic Aneurysm* ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Retroperitoneal Fibrosis* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction

PURPOSE: To investigate the short-term safety of antidiuretic hormone in elderly patients with nocturnal polyuria, focus on hyponatremia and others electrolytes disturbances and to assess short-term effects on nocturnal urine output and number of nocturnal voids. METHODS: Between June 2005 and August 2006, a total of 34 patients with nocturnal polyuria were orally administered 0.2 mg desmopressin tablet at bedtime for two weeks. Serum sodium, others electrolytes, urine sodium and urine osmolarity were assessed in the third days, one week and two weeks after treatment with desmopressin and compared adult group (<65 years of age) with elderly group (> or =65 years of age). We assessed the effect of desmopressin using a frequency-volume charts and analysed. RESULTS: In total 34 patients (20 adult, 14 elderly) were analyzed. Desmopressin treatment did not significantly change serum and urine electrolytes include soduim concentration in elderly patients comparied with adult patients. Serum sodium concentration below normal range was recorded in 2 patients in elderly group, but no serious adverse events occurred and recovered without sequelae. The mean number of nocturnal voids decresed (54% reduction) and nocturnal urine output decreased (57% reduction) after using desmopressin. CONCLUSIONS: Desmopressin was well tolerated and effective in elderly patients with nocturnal polyuria without clinically significant hyponatremia.
Adult ; Aged ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin ; Electrolytes ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Nocturia ; Osmolar Concentration ; Polyuria ; Reference Values ; Sodium

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of 3 chairside polishing methods and laboratory polishing methods on surface roughness and C. albicans adhesion of polyamide denture base. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using contact profilometer, the surface of polyamide specimens (25x15x2 mm) was studied after conventional polishing without finishing and after chiarside polishing with 2 chiarside polishing kits and chairside-pumice polishing following finishing with tungsten carbide bur. To evaluate the adhesion of C. albicans, C. albicans suspension was overlayed on the test specimen. And the specimens were incubated for 2 hours. Imprint culture method was achieved and counted the colony on the agar plate. Polished polyamide were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. The statistics were conducted using one-way ANOVA and in case of difference, Scheffe test and Tamhane's T2 test were used. RESULTS: Surface roughness (Ra) of surfaces polished with 2 chairside polishing kits had higher than conventional polishing and pumice polishing. The highest roughness value was 0.32 +/- 0.10 microm, and the lowest was 0.02 +/- 0.00 microm. The adhesion of C. albicans on the specimens polished with chairside polishing group and pumice polishing group were increased than conventional polishing group (P<.01). CONCLUSION: Conventional laboratory polishing was found to produce the smoothest surface and the lowest adhesion of C. albicans. Two groups polished with Chairside polishing kits were similar with respect to surface roughness. Surface of the specimen polished with pumice is significantly smoother than 2 chairside polishing groups, but the result of C. albicans adhesion is that group polished with pumice was similar with 2 chairside polishing groups (P>.01).
Agar ; Candida ; Candida albicans ; Denture Bases ; Dentures ; Electrons ; Nylons ; Silicates ; Tungsten ; Tungsten Compounds

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to provide clinical consensus and evidence regarding initial treatment strategies for the pharmacological treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD) in Korea. METHODS: We prepared a questionnaire to derive a consensus from clinicians regarding their preference for the pharmacological treatment of SAD in Korea. Data regarding medication regimens and psychotropic drugs used during initial treatment, the doses used, and the pharmacological treatment duration were obtained. Responses were obtained from 66 SAD experts, and their opinions were classified into three categories (first-line, second-line, third-line) using a chi-square analysis. RESULTS: Clinicians agreed upon first-line regimens for SAD involving monotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) venlafaxine, or combined therapy using antidepressants with betablockers or benzodiazepines on a standing or as-needed basis. First-line psychotropic drug choices for initial treatment included the following: escitalopram, paroxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine, and propranolol. The medication dosage used by domestic clinicians was found to be comparable with foreign guidelines. Domestic clinicians tended to make treatment decisions in a shorter amount of time and preferred a similar duration of maintenance treatment for SAD when compared with foreign clinicians. CONCLUSION: This study may provide significant information for developing SAD pharmacotherapy guidelines in Korea, especially in the early stage of treatment.
Antidepressive Agents ; Anxiety Disorders ; Anxiety ; Benzodiazepines ; Citalopram ; Consensus ; Drug Therapy ; Korea ; Paroxetine ; Propranolol ; Psychotropic Drugs ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; Sertraline ; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride

Background: This study was performed to compare the viral load and kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in saliva with those in standard nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swabs. Methods: Fifteen patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection from four hospitals were prospectively enrolled and matched samples of nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs and saliva were collected at Day 1 of admission and every other day till consequently negative for two times. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) was performed to detect the envelope (E) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) genes. Results: The cycle threshold values of saliva were comparable to those of NP/OP swabs overall (P = 0.720, Mann–Whitney U test). However, the overall sensitivity of rRT-PCR using saliva was 64% (34/53), which is lower than the 77% (41/53) using NP/OP swabs. The sensitivity of rRT-PCR using saliva was especially lower in early stage of symptom onset (1–5 days; 8/15; 53%) and in patients who did not have sputum (12/22; 55%). Conclusion Saliva sample itself is not appropriate for initial diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to replace NP/OP swabs, especially for the person who does not produce sputum. COVID-19 cannot be excluded when the test using saliva is negative, and it is necessary to retest using NP/OP swabs.

OBJECTIVES: The Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology and the Korean Academy of Schizophrenia developed the Korean algorithm project for schizophrenia to aid clinical decisions. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of Korean Medication Algorithm for Schizophrenia patients in clinical settings in Korea. METHODS: A total of 108 schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder patients were enrolled at 19 centers and treated according to the algorithm. PANSS (Positive and Negative Symptom Scale) and CGI (Clinical Global Impression) were used to evaluate symptom severity. Also UKU (UKU side effect rating scale) and LUNSERS (Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale), DAI-10 (Drug Attitude Inventory-10), PPS (Patient Preference Scale), SWN (Subjective Well-Being under Neuroleptic treatment) and WHOQOL (World Health Organization Quality of Life) were used to evaluate tolerability and satisfaction of patient respectively. RESULTS: Overall ratings including symptom severity, compliance of medication, side effect of medication, quality of life were favorable. The treatment response (PANSS improvement > or = 20%) rate was 63%, 75% at the first Clinical decision point (CDP) and 4 month respectively. CONCLUSION: Symptom improvement, tolerability and quality of life were all favorable. These results suggest that this algorithm can be useful in clinical practices.
Compliance ; Humans ; Korea ; Psychotic Disorders ; Quality of Life ; Schizophrenia ; World Health Organization

Background: South Korea has been experiencing a third wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since mid-November 2020. Our hospital in Gwangju metropolitan city experienced a healthcare-associated COVID-19 outbreak early in the third wave. The first confirmed COVID-19 patient was a symptomatic neurosurgery resident with high mobility throughout the hospital. We analyzed the transmission routes of nosocomial COVID-19 and discussed infection control strategies. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing results according to time point and evaluated transmission routes. Results: Since COVID-19 was first confirmed in a healthcare worker (HCW) on 11/13/2020, we performed RT-PCR tests for all patients and caregivers and four complete enumeration surveys for all HCWs. We detected three clusters of nosocomial spread and several sporadic cases. The first cluster originated from the community outbreak spot, where an asymptomatic HCW visited, which led to a total of 22 cases. The second cluster, which included patient-to-patient transmission, originated from a COVID-19 positive caregiver before diagnosis and the third cluster involved a radiologist and a banker. We took measures to isolate Building 1 of the hospital for 17 days and controlled the outbreak during a period of increasing community COVID-19 prevalence. Universal screening of all inpatients upon admission and resident caregivers was made mandatory and hospital-related employees are now screened monthly. Conclusion Infection control strategies to prevent the nosocomial transmission of emerging infectious diseases must correspond with community disease prevalence. Our data reinforce the importance of multi-time point surveillance of asymptomatic HCWs and routine surveillance of patients and caregivers during an epidemic.