No abstract available.
Muscle, Smooth*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Histamine* ; Hydroxyzine* ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Disease Management ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/*therapy

PURPOSE: This study aimed to find out any different characteristics in various different voiding symptom questionnaires in the outpatient clinics between interstitial cystitis and overactive bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between October 2005 and December 2007, retrospectively were analyzed the consecutive 41 IC female patients' and 43 OAB female patients' questionnaires, who had completed three questionnaires at the outpatient department (Incontinence Quality of Life; I-QoL, King's Health Questionnaire; KHQ, International Prostate Symptom Score; IPSS). Additionally, the 41 IC patients also completed O'Leary Sant Questionnaire (OLS, or ICSI/ICPI). RESULTS: No statistical differences existed in age and symptom duration between two groups (p>0.05). In I-QoL, only the social embarrassment score was statistically different between two groups (p<0.05), but the total score, avoidance and limiting behavior, and psychosocial impact scores were not (p>0.05). In KHQ, the general health perceptions, impact on life, social limitations, personal relationships, emotions, and sleep/energy scores were statistically different (p<0.033), but the role limitations, physical limitations, and incontinence severity measures scores were not (p>0.059). In IPSS, the straining symptom, and quality of life scores were different between two groups (p<0.05). The IC patients also completed OLS questionnaire with mean interstital cystitis symptom index score of 14.10+/-3.92, and interstitial cystitis problem index score of 11.79+/-3.75. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that some differences among symptom questions in questionnaires did exist between the two groups and that the IC group had much more impaired quality of life than the OABs.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Cystitis ; Cystitis, Interstitial ; Female ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Prostate ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Sprains and Strains ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive

No abstract available.
Prostatic Hyperplasia

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male ; Urethra*

PURPOSE: Local anesthetic effect is thought to be a part of mechanisms of musculotropic agents, and the clinical trials of local anesthetics in the treatment of hyperreflexic neurogenic bladder or in the cystoscopic biopsies have been made, but not much has been uncovered about their exact mechanism of the action on bladder. We attempted to uncover the effects of several local anesthetics on the intrinsic nerve and the smooth muscle of the bladder, and compare the potencies of them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male 12 week-old Sprague-Dawley rats(384+/-31gm, n=36) were killed by cervical dislocation and the urinary bladder was immediately obtained. The urinary bladder was dissected free from surrounding tissues and the bladder muscle strips(0.7x1.1x5.6mm) were prepared. The contractile responses were monitored via an FT03 force transducer(Grass) and recorded on a Grass Polyview in 95%O2/5%CO2-bicarbonate solutions. Utilizing electrical field stimulation and carbachol(5.0microM), the inhibitory effect of local anesthetics(lidocaine, bupivacaine, tetracaine) in intrinsic nerves and smooth muscle of the bladder were studied. RESULTS: The contractile response elicited by electrical field stimulation(70V/cm2, 0.8msec duration, 50Hz, trains of 2.5sec every 3 min) in local anesthetics treated Tyrode`s solution were diminished in a dose dependent manner. And their potency was in following order(bupivacaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, IC50=1-10microM) In order to study the effects on the smooth muscle itself, tetrodotoxin(0.3microM) were given to block the intrinsic nerve. After doing this, the contractile response elicited by electrical field stimulation(800msec duration pulse) in local anesthetics treated Tyrode`s solution were diminished in a dose dependent manner. And local anesthetics reduced the maximum contractile response of isolated rat detrusor muscle to carbachol(5microM) in a dose dependent, noncompetitive manner with potency in following order(tetracaine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, IC50=50-500microM). CONCLUSIONS: From these studies, local anesthetics is shown to exert direct inhibitory effect on bladder muscle as well as the intrinsic nerve, and further studies on the exact mechanism of the action on bladder smooth muscle will be needed.
Anesthetics ; Anesthetics, Local* ; Animals ; Biopsy ; Bupivacaine ; Dislocations ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Poaceae ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tetracaine ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic

Lower urinary tract symptoms are highly prevalent and closely related to patients’ quality of life. Clinical research on urologic disease is essential for accumulating evidence on patient management; however, the major obstacle is converting patients’ subjective symptoms to objective parameters. The optimal application of well-developed and validated questionnaires is vital in achieving objectivity and minimizing bias in clinical research. Numerous questionnaires for measuring symptoms and quality of life in urologic diseases have been developed worldwide; however, they cannot be directly used in clinical studies without validation processes. This review aimed to explain the common procedures for translation, linguistic, and psychometric validation of developed questionnaires from other languages. Furthermore, we comprehensively reviewed currently available questionnaires for evaluating lower urinary tract symptoms in the Korean population.

Augmentation enterocystoplasty (AEC) is a surgical procedure in which the bladder is enlarged using an intestinal segment in patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction who fail to achieve satisfactory results with all conservative treatments. Currently, surgical materials and procedures, concomitant correction of upper urinary tract abnormalities, or bladder neck reconstruction may vary depending on the experience and preferences of the surgeons. AEC has been proven to be successful with respect to surgical goals, such as achieving urinary continence, improving quality of life, and preserving the upper urinary tract over the long term. The advantage of AEC over intravesical injection of botulinum toxin—a more recent and less invasive procedure—is that the prevention of upper urinary tract damage and the improvement of urinary incontinence are more reliably guaranteed, especially considering that these surgical effects are permanent. Compared to less invasive treatments, the quality of life of patients after surgery is also much higher, and AEC may be more cost-effective in the long run. Thus, in patients with neurogenic bladder, AEC is still the gold standard surgical procedure with strong evidence in support of its efficacy. In this article, the indications, surgical methods, possible complications, long-term follow-up, and current positioning of AEC in lower urinary tract dysfunction is discussed.