The author analyzed the clinical study of 214 patients with congestive heart failure who were confirmed by the clinical symptoms and the laboratory findings among the admitted patients in Busan university Hospital between 1965 and 1972. The results were summarized as follows: There were males 127 and females 87 of 214 cases and the incidence was the highest in the 6th decade. The etiologic diagnosis was listed in table 2, that showed the rheumatic heart disease 34.6%, arteriosclerotic heart disease 23.8% and hypertensive heart disease 22.4% of total patients. The important symptoms such as dyspnea, palpitatia, fatigability, cough, chest discomfort and orthopnea were noticed and the physical findings such as heart murmur, hepatomegaly, edema, enlarged cervical veins, pulmonary congestion, arrhythmia and thrill were revealed on the admission. The venous pressure, measured in 85 patients, was above 150mm H20 in 71 cases. The serum chemical findings were listed in table 6 and abnormal retention of BSP was the most sensitive in congestive heart failure. The level of NPN, VUN and ceatinine was increased in one quarter of total cases. The clinical symptoms and laboratory findings were more severe in the right heart failure or the right and left heart failure than in the left heart failure. ESR was increased in 66.7% of cases and albuminuria was revealed in 47.1%. The E.C.G. findings at admission revealed prolonged Q-Tc(41%), inverted T wave(44.3%), LVH(43.2%), depressed ST segment (35.2%), flat T wave (30.7%) and atrial fibrillation(27.8%). The Chest X-ray findings showed cardiomegaly(42.2%), Pulmonary congestion and cardiomegaly(20.3%), pulmonary congestion (11.2%) and pericarditis (4.2%).
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Incidence

The effects of Prazosin administered alone or in combination were studied in 30 hypertensive patients at the Busan national University Hospital, Korea, between August 1974 and march 1975. The Patients were studied for up to 6 months; their ages ranged from 17 years to 68 years with mean age 51.4 years; 15 patients were male and 15 female. Satisfactory control of blood pressure was achieved in all patients. The group controlled by prazosin alone had the lowest mean original blood pressures, the group requiring prazosin plus polythiazide occupied an intermediate position, and the group requiring prazosin plus polythiazide plus beta blockade had the highest mean original blood pressures. 6 patients responded satisfactorily to prazosin, alone. In this group the supine systolic blood pressures before and after treatment were 185+/-16 and 150+/-12mmHg respectively; the supine diastolic pressures 106+/-5 and 90+/-3mmHg respectively. The standing systolic blood pressures before and after treatment were 173+/-13 and 134+/-4mmHg respectively; the standing diastolic pressures 102+/-5mmHg and 81+/-6mmHg respectively. 17 patients responded satisfactorily to the combination of prazosin and polythiazide. In this group the supine systolic blood pressures before and after treatment were 197+/-26 and 148+/-16mmHg respectively; the supine diastolic pressures before and after treatment were 121+/-13 and 92+/-6mmHg respectively. The standing systolic blood pressures before and after treament were 188+/-27 and 148+/-16mmHg respectively; the standing diastolic pressures before and after treatment were 110+/-14 and 85+/-5mmHg respectively. The remaining 7 patients responded satisfactorily to the combination of prazosin, polythiazide and a beta blocking agent (tolamolol). In this group the supine systolic blood pressures before and after treatment were 230+/-25 and 181+/-6mmHg respectively; the supine diastolic pressures before and after treatment were 138+/-15 and 93+/-6mmHg respectively. The standing systolic blood pressures before and after treatment were 224+/-24 and 151+/-9mmHg respectively; the standing diastolic pressures before and after treatment were 136+/-12 and 75+/-4mmHg respectively. 5 patients complained of headache, palpitations and general malaise; oedema was observed in 5 patients; 5 patients complained of drowsiness and 5 patients, fatiguability. In each case the side effects were of short duration not lasting beyond 3 days.
Blood Pressure ; Busan ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Polythiazide ; Prazosin* ; Sleep Stages

The effects of Prazosin administered alone or in combination were studied in 30 hypertensive patients at the Busan national University Hospital, Korea, between August 1974 and march 1975. The Patients were studied for up to 6 months; their ages ranged from 17 years to 68 years with mean age 51.4 years; 15 patients were male and 15 female. Satisfactory control of blood pressure was achieved in all patients. The group controlled by prazosin alone had the lowest mean original blood pressures, the group requiring prazosin plus polythiazide occupied an intermediate position, and the group requiring prazosin plus polythiazide plus beta blockade had the highest mean original blood pressures. 6 patients responded satisfactorily to prazosin, alone. In this group the supine systolic blood pressures before and after treatment were 185+/-16 and 150+/-12mmHg respectively; the supine diastolic pressures 106+/-5 and 90+/-3mmHg respectively. The standing systolic blood pressures before and after treatment were 173+/-13 and 134+/-4mmHg respectively; the standing diastolic pressures 102+/-5mmHg and 81+/-6mmHg respectively. 17 patients responded satisfactorily to the combination of prazosin and polythiazide. In this group the supine systolic blood pressures before and after treatment were 197+/-26 and 148+/-16mmHg respectively; the supine diastolic pressures before and after treatment were 121+/-13 and 92+/-6mmHg respectively. The standing systolic blood pressures before and after treament were 188+/-27 and 148+/-16mmHg respectively; the standing diastolic pressures before and after treatment were 110+/-14 and 85+/-5mmHg respectively. The remaining 7 patients responded satisfactorily to the combination of prazosin, polythiazide and a beta blocking agent (tolamolol). In this group the supine systolic blood pressures before and after treatment were 230+/-25 and 181+/-6mmHg respectively; the supine diastolic pressures before and after treatment were 138+/-15 and 93+/-6mmHg respectively. The standing systolic blood pressures before and after treatment were 224+/-24 and 151+/-9mmHg respectively; the standing diastolic pressures before and after treatment were 136+/-12 and 75+/-4mmHg respectively. 5 patients complained of headache, palpitations and general malaise; oedema was observed in 5 patients; 5 patients complained of drowsiness and 5 patients, fatiguability. In each case the side effects were of short duration not lasting beyond 3 days.
Blood Pressure ; Busan ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Polythiazide ; Prazosin* ; Sleep Stages

Recently several adrenergic beta receptor blocking agents such as dichloroisoprenaline, pronethalol, INPEA, H13/57, propranolol, sotalol, tolamolol, practolol and butoxamine were reported. It has been postulated for some time that there are two subgroups of beta receptors: cardiac receptors (beta 1-eceptor) and peripheral receptors (beta 2-receptor) responsible for vasodilatation and broncholdilatation. More recently, the cardioselective beta blockers have been developed; for example, practolol, and talamolol. Rabbits were anesthetized by the peritoneal injection of urethane 1 gm/kg and observed for 30 minutes. Arrhythmias were produced with lanatocide-C and norepinephrine through the ear vein of the anesthetized rabbits. Arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contraction and ventricular tachycardia were present within 7 minutes to 20 minutes after the injection of lanatocide-C 0.9mg, and within 15 seconds to 2 minutes after the injection of norepinephrine 150ug. Propranolol or practolol were injected before and after the production of the arrhythmias and so Lead II of the electrocardiogram was obtained from nedle electrodes inserted into the skin. Practolol was compared with propranolol on the changes of the heart rates and the arrhytmias produced by the injection of norepinephrine and lanatocide-C. The intravenous injection of propranolol and practolol reduced the heart rate but practolol reduced much lesser than propranolol. All of arrhythmias produced by lanatocide-C in anesthetzedrabbits were not abolished by practolol, but it blocked and prevented the development of arrhythmias in anesthetized rabbits on the administration of norepinephrine.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Butoxamine ; Ear ; Electrocardiography ; Electrodes ; Heart Rate ; Injections, Intravenous ; Norepinephrine ; Practolol* ; Propranolol ; Rabbits ; Skin ; Sotalol ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Urethane ; Vasodilation ; Veins ; Ventricular Premature Complexes

Congestive heart failure denotes the disturbance of the ability of the heart to maintain an adequate blood flow to the tissues and organs. It was confirmed that the cardiac output was reduced in severe congestive heart failure but if the clinical symptoms were improved after the treatment, the cardiac output was increased. The extrarenal disturbances such as congestive heart failure probably influence the kidney by causing a reduction in renal blood flow sufficient to reduce renal function but they do not produce anatomic injury and so. Consequently the renal decompression has been termed reversible uremia or functional renal failure. A reduction in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow is the basis for the rise in serum creatinine in prerenal failure. I would like to publish this paper because there were a few reports about the serum urea nitrogen and creatinine in chronic congestive heart failure. Serum NPN, BUN and creatinine values in 150 patients with chronic congestive heart failure, who were admitted in Busan university Hospital between 1965 and 1975, were measured on the admission and after the treatment for the congestive heart failure. The range of the serum NPN was 15~121mg% in 119 cases with congestive heart failure and 44 of them (36.97%) had the serum NPN above 30mg%. The range of serum BUN 7.5~103mg% in 129 cases and the serum BUN was above 20mg% in 49 of them (37.98%). The range of the creatinine was 0.15~20mg% in 146 cases and the serum creatinine was above 1.25mg% in 47 of them (32.19%). After the treatment for the congestive heart failure, the serum NPN, BUN and creatinine returned to the normal value. None had the increased serum NPN, BUN and creatinine among the left heart failure, but the serum NPN, BUN and creatinine were increased only among the left and right heart failure.
Busan ; Cardiac Output ; Creatinine* ; Decompression ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Heart ; Heart Failure* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Nitrogen ; Reference Values ; Renal Circulation ; Renal Insufficiency ; Urea ; Uremia

We studied the serum electrolytes in the 727 normal persons who visited Busan University hosptial, Benedict Hospital and Maryknoll Hospital from 1970 to 1976. The results were as follows: 1. Mean value of the serum Na+ being measured in 729 normal persons was 138.7+/-6.2mEq/L and 140+/-6.5mEq/L in 450 male, while 136.8+/-6.6mEq/L in 279 female. 2. Mean value of serum Cl- being measured in 701 persons was 99.6+/-5.9mEq/L, and 99.7+/-6.0mEq/L in 437 male while 100+/-5.7mEq/L in 264 female. 3. Mean value of serum K+ being measured in 707 normal persons was 4.4+/-0.9mEq/L in 434 male, while 4.2+/-0.8mEq/L in 273 female. 4. Mean value of serum Ca+ being measured in 557 normal persons was 4.5+/-0.6mEq/L and 4.7+/-0.7mEq/l in 355 male, while 4.3+/-0.5mEq/L in 202 female. 5. Mean value of serum phosphorus being measured in 94 normol persons was 4.2+/-0.6mg%, and 4.1+/-1.0mg% in 65 male, while 4.5+/-1.5mg% in 29 female.
Busan ; Electrolytes* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Phosphorus

Recently, we found that the Korean traditional medicine could enhance the expression of some cytokine in murine bone marrow cell culture. To understand the mode of actions of the traditional medicine, we examined the pattern of protein phosphorylation in bone marrow cells treated with Korean traditional medicine. When bone marrow cells were treated with Korean traditional medicine, the phosphorylation of p45, p50, p84/p91 kinase was observed, and gene expression of TPO and SCF was related to p45 and p91. It had been reported that TPO, SCF, IL-3 and GM-CSF gene expression transmits signal through the JAK-STAT pathway. Molecular involvement of JAK-STAT in signal induced by Korean traditional medicine was analyzed by anti-JAK and anti-STAT-1 Ab. To analyze the transcriptional factor that promotes the cytokine gene expression by the stirnulation of Korean traditional medicine, GAS and NF-B binding activity was analyzed by EMSA. We found the increase in NF-B at SMT and BHT. Therefore, we conclude that the cytokine gene expression induced by Korean traditional medicine was mediated by the JAK-STAT pathway and by the combination of GAS and NF-kB.
Bone Marrow Cells ; Butylated Hydroxytoluene ; Gene Expression ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Hematopoiesis* ; Interleukin-3 ; Medicine, Korean Traditional* ; Medicine, Traditional ; NF-kappa B ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases ; Signal Transduction

The Korean traditional medicinal (KTM) herbs such as Angelicae gigantis, Rehmannia glutinosa, Paeoniae lactiflora, Cnidii officinale, Salviae miltiorrhizae, and Millettia reticulata, and prescribed formula Samultang, and Bohyultang improve the function of the hematopoietic system and nourishing the body to promote health. However, there are limited scientific background on the mode of action of these medicine. To understand the diverse actions following traditional medicine stimulation, we determined the production of hematopoietic cytokine, thrombopoietin, stem cell factor, and interleukin-3 (IL-3) in KlM treated bone marrow cells. When bone marrow cells were treated with KTM, the expression of hematopoietic cytokine were increased in RT-PCR and ELISA analysis. Furthermore, when the bone marrow cells were separated into adherent celis and suspension cells and were treated with KTM, we found the increase of TPO gene expressions in suspension cells. Meanwhile, other hematopoietic cytokine gene expression in bone marrow cells was higher as whole than when adherent cells and suspension cells was separated. Therefore, we could know the interaction of two cells that increases the cytokine expression. These results suggest that KTM has hematopoietic effects through increasing the production of cytokine.
Angelica ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Expression ; Hematopoiesis* ; Hematopoietic System ; Interleukin-3 ; Medicine, Korean Traditional* ; Medicine, Traditional ; Millettia ; Paeonia ; Rehmannia ; Salvia ; Stem Cell Factor ; Thrombopoietin

There are many reports of ventricular arrhythmias following the injection of epinephrine under general anesthesia with halothane or cyclopropane. Raventos reported that catecholamines given animals during chloroform, cyclopropane or halothane anesthesia have caused ventricular arrhythmias which sometimes developed into ventricular fibrillation. But there are a few reports of atrial arrhythmias in patients under general anesthesia with alone halothane. While it is known that hypercapnia can elicit arrhythmia during halothane anesthesia, Black and coworkers that hypercapnia of 60 to 140mmHg (average 92mmHg) is necessary for the occurrence of arrhythmias during halothane anesthesia. Hellewell and Potts reported 12 cases of arrhythmias under halothane anesthesia which were treated by propranolol, producing a return of sinus rhythm in an average time of 46 seconds. The authors reported one case with atrial arrhythmias induced by halothane anesthesia, which were arrested by the IV injection of 5mg of tolamolo, beta-receptor blocking agent. Thereafter arrhythmias did not reappear.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Catecholamines ; Chloroform ; Epinephrine ; Halothane* ; Humans ; Hypercapnia ; Propranolol ; Ventricular Fibrillation

No abstract available.
Reference Values* ; Vestibular Function Tests*