Volume 28, No. 2, pp.89-92, Table 1 is missing.
Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Pseudomonas*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Cell Line* ; Humans*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the radiation adaptive response (RAR) in peripheral lymphocytes (PL) of patients induced by Tc.-99m MDP and Tc-99m DTPA scintigraphies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lymphocytes from 45 patients (25 males, 20 females, mean age 44+/-18 years) were collected before and after scintigraphies using 740 MBq Tc-99m MDP (n=22) or Tc-99m L)TPA (n=23). Lympho-cytes from 20 controls (12 males, 8 females, mean age 43+/-7 years) were also callected. They were exposed to challenge dose of 2 Gy gamma-rays using a Cs-137 cell irradiator, Number of ring-form (R) and dicentric (D) chromosomes was counted under the light microscope. From them a representative score, Ydr, was calculated as Ydr=(D+R)/cells. Adaptation index (AI) was defined as difference of Ydr between unconditioned and conditioned lymphocytes. Ydr was also measured after an administration of cyclohexi-mide (CHM), a protein synthesis inhibitor, before challenge dose. RESULTS: RAR was induced in both groups of patients. CHM abolished the adaptive response in both groups. AI of Tc-99m MDP group was significantly higher than that of Tc-99m DTPA group. CONCLUSION: Tc-99m MDP induced RAR was more prominent than those induced by Tc-99m DTPA.
Chromosome Aberrations ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes* ; Male ; Pentetic Acid* ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of occupational stress and coping styles on burnout of clinical nurses. METHODS: The participants in this study were 397 nurses, working at the hospitals in Seoul, Gangwon, and Gyongbuk provinces. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from November, 2009 to January, 2010. The SPSS WIN 13.0 version program was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The most significant predictors of burnout were positive reappraisal and work load. Work load, resource inadequacy, role ambiguity, and indifference coping style positively correlated with burnout. Positive reappraisal and problem-focused coping styles negatively correlated with burnout. CONCLUSION: The study results indicate that it is important to reduce work load, resource inadequacy, and role ambiguity in nurses and to strengthen their positive reappraisal and problem-focused coping styles to prevent burnout. This could be achieved with job redesign, modification of shift work systems, and by offering burnout prevention program.
Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of cultural competency of visiting nurses and community health practitioners and explore factors that are related with their cultural competency. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 113 visiting nurses and 103 community health practitioners working in Gangwon-do. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire on May 24, 2011. The SPSS/WIN 17.0 program was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The average score for cultural competency of visiting nurses was 2.76+/-0.60 and that of community health practitioners 2.91+/-0.51. Most of subjects received no multicultural education (78.0% for nurses, 85.7% for community health nurses). Factors influencing cultural competency were number of service experience for multicultural clients and participation of multicultural education. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop systematic educational programs to enhance the cultural competency of nurses.
Community Health Nursing ; Cultural Competency ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The authors determined the value of performing urine microscopy on biochemically negative urine sepcimens in a pediatric population. The 746 urine specimens of patients who were either visited or admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, National Police Hospital, from March 1991 to July 1992 were reviewed on the basis of comparative evaluation of biochemical and microscopic urine analysis. Eight reactions of Clinitek(r) 200 were used as biochemical indicators, namely, pH, nitrite, albumin, glucose, ketone, urobilinogen, bilirubin, and blood. Out of 746 urine specimens studied, 186 were true positive. Thirty-six specimens reacted biochemically in the absence of positive microscopic findings (false postive), 492 specimens were true negatives. Thirty-two specimens had negative biochemical indicators, in spite of positive microscopy. The sensitivity of the biochemical parameters for predicting significant microscopy of urinary sediment is 85% and the specificity is 99%. The positive predictive value is 69.7% and the negative predictive value is 99.3%. The sensitivity of blood for RBC is 94%. and the specificity is 99%. The predictive value of a positive result is 84.6% and that of a negative result is 99.7%. We therefore conclude that urine microscopy is less necessary in biochemically negative urine specimens from asymptomatic pediatric patients, with hopefully resultant time and cost effectiveness.
Bilirubin ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Microscopy ; Pediatrics ; Police ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urinalysis* ; Urobilinogen

No abstract available.
Mesenteric Lymphadenitis*

BACKGROUND: Nutrition label reading is helpful in attaining a healthy diet. Nutrition label use and its related factors have been studied in many Korean articles, but their research samples were the general population and not chronic disease patients. This study aimed to explore the use of nutrition labels and its relation to dietary intake among chronic disease patients in Korea. METHODS: A total of 3160 respondents aged> or =20 years from the 2008-2009 Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-IV) participated in the study. Their chronic medical conditions included hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, diabetes and/or stroke and they were interviewed regarding their use of nutrition labels. Nutrition intake was also estimated by 24-hour dietary recalls. RESULTS: Overall, 10.4% of the chronic disease patients reported to using nutrition labels. The nutrients they looked at first were total calories, fat and cholesterol. Factors related to reading nutrition labels were relatively higher education, high body mass index and lower frequency of alcohol intake in males and relatively younger age and higher education in females. Nutrition label users consumed lower total calories, protein and fat in the male CAD group, lower total calories and carbohydrate in both diabetes and total groups and lower total calories and fiber in the female stroke group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that, in Korea, a significantly lower rate of patients with chronic disease read nutrition labels. Strategies need to be developed to improve clinical application of nutrition labels in this population.
Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Chronic Disease* ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Diet ; Education ; Female ; Food Labeling ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Korea ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Stroke

PURPOSE: The replacement of functional genes into cells that lack genes or mutant genes is the basis of gene therapy. In cancer, where cells often have multiple genetic defects, the replacement of critical genes may suffice to suppress cell growth or induce cell death. In malignant brain tumors, p53 mutation are among the most frequently observed genetic findings and inactivation p53 suggests that p53 plays a critical role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Therefore, we study the successful transfer of the wild-type p53 gene using a replicative deficient adenovirus vector into human glioma and medulloblastoma c~ell lines. Meterials and Methods: The human glioma cell line T-98G, U-87MG, U-373MG were used. To determine the efficiency of the adenovirus vector, cell lines were transfected with the Ad-p gal and analysed with X-Gal staining. Cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion every day after infection and Westem blot analysis was used to conform the expression of the exogenous p53 protein. RESULTS: Cell growth of the Ad-CMV-p53 infected U-373MG, and U-87MG was significantly suppressed. It appeared that exogenous p53 protein expression had an earlier ad more profound suppressive effect on U-373MG having a mutated p53 gene than on U-87MG having a wild-type p53. The expression of the exogenous p53 was more than 10 times higher than the expression of the endogenous p53. To examine the decreased viability, U-373MG was stained with Hochest 33258 and detected nuclear condensation and apoptic body. Staining results suggest that cells undergo apoptosis. CONCLUSION: The replicative deficient adenoviral vector can transfer and express p53 in human glioma cell lines in vitro, restoring wild-type p53 tumor suppressor functions. The restoration of normal p53-encoded protein in the mutant ceil lines induced cell death. The high expression of the newly transduced protein had different effects on the growth rate of the infected cell lines depending on the p53 status of the cells.
Adenoviridae* ; Apoptosis ; Brain Neoplasms ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Death ; Cell Line* ; Cell Survival ; Genes, p53 ; Genetic Therapy ; Glioma* ; Humans ; Medulloblastoma ; Trypan Blue