No abstract available.
Graves Disease* ; Humans ; Thyroid Gland*

No abstract available.
Aortic Coarctation*

No abstract available.
Hypothermia* ; Vena Cava, Inferior*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the differences between IOLMaster(R) and A-scans in changes in axial length after vitrectomy in patients with macular disease. METHODS: Using IOLMaster(R) and A-scans, we measured preoperative and postoperative axial length in 12 eyes with epiretinal membranes (ERM) and in 8 eyes with macular holes (MH). The relationship between the absolute error in axial length after vitrectomy and both methods was assessed using Mann-Whitney U test. The correlation to central macular thickness was evaluated by Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: In eyes with ERM and MH, preoperative and postoperative axial lengths obtained with both methods had no significant difference (p>0.05). The absolute error in axial length after vitrectomy was not significant using IOLMaster(R) (ERM: 0.07+/-0.05 mm, MH: 0.04+/-0.02 mm, p>0.05) but was significant using A-scan (ERM: 0.20+/-0.11 mm, MH: 0.30+/-0.07 mm, p<0.05). The correlation between the change of axial length after vitrectomy and the central macular thickness was poor (IOLMaster(R): ERM; correlation coefficient = -0.182, p>0.05, MH; correlation coefficient = -0.054, p>0.05, A-scan: ERM; correlation coefficient = -0.210, p>0.05, MH; correlation coefficient = -0.156, p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The IOLMaster(R) is more useful than the A-scan when measuring axial length without refractive errors after vitrectomy in eyes with macular disease.
Epiretinal Membrane ; Eye ; Humans ; Refractive Errors ; Retinal Perforations ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the differences between IOLMaster(R) and A-scans in changes in axial length after vitrectomy in patients with macular disease. METHODS: Using IOLMaster(R) and A-scans, we measured preoperative and postoperative axial length in 12 eyes with epiretinal membranes (ERM) and in 8 eyes with macular holes (MH). The relationship between the absolute error in axial length after vitrectomy and both methods was assessed using Mann-Whitney U test. The correlation to central macular thickness was evaluated by Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: In eyes with ERM and MH, preoperative and postoperative axial lengths obtained with both methods had no significant difference (p>0.05). The absolute error in axial length after vitrectomy was not significant using IOLMaster(R) (ERM: 0.07+/-0.05 mm, MH: 0.04+/-0.02 mm, p>0.05) but was significant using A-scan (ERM: 0.20+/-0.11 mm, MH: 0.30+/-0.07 mm, p<0.05). The correlation between the change of axial length after vitrectomy and the central macular thickness was poor (IOLMaster(R): ERM; correlation coefficient = -0.182, p>0.05, MH; correlation coefficient = -0.054, p>0.05, A-scan: ERM; correlation coefficient = -0.210, p>0.05, MH; correlation coefficient = -0.156, p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The IOLMaster(R) is more useful than the A-scan when measuring axial length without refractive errors after vitrectomy in eyes with macular disease.
Epiretinal Membrane ; Eye ; Humans ; Refractive Errors ; Retinal Perforations ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: Scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) has improved Infrared (IR) imaging. Since greater penetration of IR light permitted better visualization of subretinal structures, we evaluated chorioretinal layer in various chorioretinal dieases with SLO. METHODS: Cases of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), drusen, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, MEWDS (multiple evanesant white dot syndrome) and inflammatory choroiditis, toxoplasmosis, Stargardt's disease, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and submacular hemorrhage were included. We used SLO (101, Rodenstock, Germany) for IR image and compared argon laser image with monochromatic IR image (780 nm wave length). RESULTS: The demarcation and extent of serous retinal detachment and macular star were more distinct in IR image. Small drusen, subretinal deposit and RPE atropy which could not be seen in argon green laser image were visible and appeared brightly with high reflectance in IR image. The CNV membrane which was not seen in full extent in argon laser image were observed completely in IR image. In case of inflammatory choroiditis, patch-like hot spot with surrounding high reflectance was observed in IR image. The subretinal structures and new vessels were clearly visible in IR image despite overlying thick preretinal fibrous prolifertive membrane and vitreous hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: The IR image using SLO is a fast and non-invasive diagnostic tool. Compared to fluorescein angiography, IR image gave a improved image for subretinal structure and additional information. Therefore IR imaging is recommended along with clinical symptom, FAG, ICGA for the diagnosis and treatment.
Argon ; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ; Choroid ; Choroiditis ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Diagnosis ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Hemorrhage ; Macular Degeneration ; Membranes ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Toxoplasmosis ; Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

PURPOSE: Kinetic automated perimetric tests were performed with OCTOPUS 101 perimeter using Goldmann module. Normal isopter positions in the peripheral visual field were visualized by the average position +/- 2 standard deviations. METHODS: We examined 102 eyes of 51 normal healthy Koreans who had no family history of glaucoma, no specific ophthalmologic disease, best corrected visual acuity more than 1.0 and normal intraocular pressure less than 21 mmHg with OCTOPUS 101 perimeter using Goldmann module in 5 isopters (I1e, I2e, I3e, I4e, II4e) at 8 meridians (0degree, 45degrees, 90degrees, 135degrees, 180degrees, 225degrees, 270degrees, 315degrees). RESULTS: The visual field was oval shape, and widest at the inferotemporal area, followed by temporal, and inferior. CONCLUSIONS: The normal position of 4 isopters can be used as a reference index for the peripheral visual field test.
Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Meridians ; Octopodiformes* ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields* ; Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy

A study of the knowledge, attitude and practices about the maternal and child health of 305 married women residing in apartments at the Yonsei community Health area was conducted during the period from November to December 1970 using designed questionnaire with well trained interviews. The results and findings obtained from the study are summarized as follows : A. Pregnancy and Birth. Questions were asked about their last child. 1. 16.4% of the women were pregnant. 2. Among 281 women who hand experienced delivery, 48.0% were assisted by doctor or midwives for their last delivery, while the rest of women delivered their last baby at home without any professional's assistance. The higher the level of education or the greater exposure to mass communication, the more the deliveries were assisted by doctors or midwives. Those women who were born and raised in cities had more deliveries assisted by doctors and midwives than those who were not. 3. Kinds of delivery sheets used. Among 141 cases of home delivery 68% used cement bag paper or vinyl sheets. Three% used nothing and remained used unsterile materials. 4. Among 141 cases of home delivery, 70.2% used scissors. The rest of them used other methods. 5. 47.3% of the women had a rest for one month or more after birth. The higher the level of education, the longer the period of rest was observed. 6. 52.4% of the women fed the colostrum to their babies. This was not related to the mother's education. 7. About half(42.9%) of the women had poor knowledge about a proper diet for the pre and post natal period. B. Child Health. 1. Knowledge and practice regarding to the immunization for their children : Most of the women (93.2%) could name at least one kind of immunization. 20.3% could name 6 kinds of immunization. Mothers education level did not influence their ability to name immunizations. 85.2% of children had been immunized at least once. 2. Morbidity of last born children : 48.1% of their last born children were found to have been sick during the last year. Less than half (41.5%) of the sick children were seen by doctor. 3. Counselling at well baby clinic : most of the women (76.5%) had no counselling for their children. Registration rate at the well baby clinic at the Severance Hospital was 13.2%. 45.9% wanted to visit to the well baby clinic at the Severance Hospital. 4. Weaning Period : 44.6% said that the beginning of the weaning for their last born children was from 6 months to twelve months of age. The most important reason of weaning was the health of both mothers and children. 5. Knowledge and Practice regarding birth and death Registration : 64.6% of the women could name correctly the Ku-office as the place for the registration. Only 29.2% registered the birth of their last born children within 14 days. C. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding to family planning Most : of the women accepted the idea of family planning. 97.7% could name at least one contraceptive method. 35.4% were found to be current users of countraceptive methods. The ideal number of children was 3.1 in average.
Child ; Child Health* ; Child* ; Colostrum ; Contraception ; Diet ; Education ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Immunization ; Midwifery ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Weaning

We have attempted to measure parafoveal retinal acuity directly on the exact retinal locus, while observing the retinal image in real time using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope(SLO 101, Rodenstock, Munish, Germany). By the SLO Visumetry software(Rodenstock v. 3.0), thirty eyes of healthy volunteers were examined in 20degrees image field. Using Snellen E as stimulus, the examination was performed from the fovea by the radial pattern. The maximal retinal distance point, which responded to stimulus, was recorded by the pixel, and the distance(mm) from the fovea was calculated by the Bennett formula. The maximum distance from the fovea at the given stimulus size was achieved as follows: 0.32+/-0.01mmat the 15 x15 arc of minute(0.333), 0.63+/-0.01mm at the 17 x17 arc of minute(0.294), 1.05+/-0.03 mmat 20 x 20 arc of minute(0.25), and 1.44+/-0.0 5 mmat the 23 x23 arc of minute(0.217). It was also revealed that the horizontal maximal distance from fovea at given stimulus size was statistically superior to the vertical maximal distance(p<0.05). In conclusion we were able to establish the normal range of parafoveal retinal acuity in healthy volunteers. It may serve as the baseline for subsequent study of retinal pathology and functional evaluation as well as its treatment.
Healthy Volunteers* ; Pathology ; Reference Values ; Retinaldehyde* ; Visual Acuity*

The Dandy-Wlaker syndrome is a developmental disoeder characterized by cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle and agenesis or hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis and is usually associated with hydrocephalus. This syndrome is also associated with intracranial malformations such as agenesis of corpus callosum, and extracranial malformations such as facial anormalies (cleft palate, cleft lip, and ocular anomalies), polycystic kidney, and cardiac anormalies. Reported associated ophthalmic anomalies are microphthalmos, coloboma, and congenital cataract.We experienced a case of infantile esotropia in abnormal insertion and direction of lateral rectus muscle as a variant of the Dandy-Walker syndrome accompanied by cleft palate and cleft lip in a 19-month-old male infant. Subsequent treatment of the 30delta esodeviation and left inferior oblique muscle overaction, including resection of the lateral rectus muscle in both eyes and the myectomy of the inferior oblique muscle in the left eye, yielded satisfactory results, so we report this case, with a review of the pertinent literature, as the first case of Dandy-Walker syndrome associated with esotropia with abnormal course of lateral rectus muscle in Korea.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum ; Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Coloboma ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome* ; Dilatation ; Esotropia* ; Fourth Ventricle ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant ; Korea ; Lip ; Male ; Microphthalmos ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases