No abstract available.
Graves Disease* ; Humans ; Thyroid Gland*

No abstract available.
Aortic Coarctation*

No abstract available.
Hypothermia* ; Vena Cava, Inferior*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the differences between IOLMaster(R) and A-scans in changes in axial length after vitrectomy in patients with macular disease. METHODS: Using IOLMaster(R) and A-scans, we measured preoperative and postoperative axial length in 12 eyes with epiretinal membranes (ERM) and in 8 eyes with macular holes (MH). The relationship between the absolute error in axial length after vitrectomy and both methods was assessed using Mann-Whitney U test. The correlation to central macular thickness was evaluated by Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: In eyes with ERM and MH, preoperative and postoperative axial lengths obtained with both methods had no significant difference (p>0.05). The absolute error in axial length after vitrectomy was not significant using IOLMaster(R) (ERM: 0.07+/-0.05 mm, MH: 0.04+/-0.02 mm, p>0.05) but was significant using A-scan (ERM: 0.20+/-0.11 mm, MH: 0.30+/-0.07 mm, p<0.05). The correlation between the change of axial length after vitrectomy and the central macular thickness was poor (IOLMaster(R): ERM; correlation coefficient = -0.182, p>0.05, MH; correlation coefficient = -0.054, p>0.05, A-scan: ERM; correlation coefficient = -0.210, p>0.05, MH; correlation coefficient = -0.156, p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The IOLMaster(R) is more useful than the A-scan when measuring axial length without refractive errors after vitrectomy in eyes with macular disease.
Epiretinal Membrane ; Eye ; Humans ; Refractive Errors ; Retinal Perforations ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the differences between IOLMaster(R) and A-scans in changes in axial length after vitrectomy in patients with macular disease. METHODS: Using IOLMaster(R) and A-scans, we measured preoperative and postoperative axial length in 12 eyes with epiretinal membranes (ERM) and in 8 eyes with macular holes (MH). The relationship between the absolute error in axial length after vitrectomy and both methods was assessed using Mann-Whitney U test. The correlation to central macular thickness was evaluated by Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: In eyes with ERM and MH, preoperative and postoperative axial lengths obtained with both methods had no significant difference (p>0.05). The absolute error in axial length after vitrectomy was not significant using IOLMaster(R) (ERM: 0.07+/-0.05 mm, MH: 0.04+/-0.02 mm, p>0.05) but was significant using A-scan (ERM: 0.20+/-0.11 mm, MH: 0.30+/-0.07 mm, p<0.05). The correlation between the change of axial length after vitrectomy and the central macular thickness was poor (IOLMaster(R): ERM; correlation coefficient = -0.182, p>0.05, MH; correlation coefficient = -0.054, p>0.05, A-scan: ERM; correlation coefficient = -0.210, p>0.05, MH; correlation coefficient = -0.156, p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The IOLMaster(R) is more useful than the A-scan when measuring axial length without refractive errors after vitrectomy in eyes with macular disease.
Epiretinal Membrane ; Eye ; Humans ; Refractive Errors ; Retinal Perforations ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: Scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) has improved Infrared (IR) imaging. Since greater penetration of IR light permitted better visualization of subretinal structures, we evaluated chorioretinal layer in various chorioretinal dieases with SLO. METHODS: Cases of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), drusen, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, MEWDS (multiple evanesant white dot syndrome) and inflammatory choroiditis, toxoplasmosis, Stargardt's disease, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and submacular hemorrhage were included. We used SLO (101, Rodenstock, Germany) for IR image and compared argon laser image with monochromatic IR image (780 nm wave length). RESULTS: The demarcation and extent of serous retinal detachment and macular star were more distinct in IR image. Small drusen, subretinal deposit and RPE atropy which could not be seen in argon green laser image were visible and appeared brightly with high reflectance in IR image. The CNV membrane which was not seen in full extent in argon laser image were observed completely in IR image. In case of inflammatory choroiditis, patch-like hot spot with surrounding high reflectance was observed in IR image. The subretinal structures and new vessels were clearly visible in IR image despite overlying thick preretinal fibrous prolifertive membrane and vitreous hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: The IR image using SLO is a fast and non-invasive diagnostic tool. Compared to fluorescein angiography, IR image gave a improved image for subretinal structure and additional information. Therefore IR imaging is recommended along with clinical symptom, FAG, ICGA for the diagnosis and treatment.
Argon ; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ; Choroid ; Choroiditis ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Diagnosis ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Hemorrhage ; Macular Degeneration ; Membranes ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Toxoplasmosis ; Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

PURPOSE: Kinetic automated perimetric tests were performed with OCTOPUS 101 perimeter using Goldmann module. Normal isopter positions in the peripheral visual field were visualized by the average position +/- 2 standard deviations. METHODS: We examined 102 eyes of 51 normal healthy Koreans who had no family history of glaucoma, no specific ophthalmologic disease, best corrected visual acuity more than 1.0 and normal intraocular pressure less than 21 mmHg with OCTOPUS 101 perimeter using Goldmann module in 5 isopters (I1e, I2e, I3e, I4e, II4e) at 8 meridians (0degree, 45degrees, 90degrees, 135degrees, 180degrees, 225degrees, 270degrees, 315degrees). RESULTS: The visual field was oval shape, and widest at the inferotemporal area, followed by temporal, and inferior. CONCLUSIONS: The normal position of 4 isopters can be used as a reference index for the peripheral visual field test.
Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Meridians ; Octopodiformes* ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields* ; Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy

No abstract available.
Pregnancy* ; Pyelonephritis*

PURPOSE: We compared the clinicopathologic effects of TTT between pigmented and albino rabbits. METHODS: TTT was delivered using infrared diode laser at 810 nm(Iris Medical Instrument, Mountain Veiw, CA, USA) and applied with spot size of 3 mm, duration of 60 seconds. At 1 week and 4 weeks after TTT, fundus photographs and simultaneous FAG/ICG angiogram were taken with SLO(Scanning Laser Ophthalmolscopy, Rodenstock, Munish, Germany). Light and electron microscopic examination were performed. RESULTS: In pigmented rabbits, visible funduscopic change was visible even with minimal power setting(100 mW). Obliteration of choroidal vessels was observed on ICG angiogram. In microscopic examination, entire layers of neural retina, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and deep choroid were severely damaged at the center of treated fields. Whereas, in albino rabbits fundus changes were not observed at any power setting. However, focal thrombosis at margin of lesion was identified on ICG angiogram after power of 300 mW. In microscopic examination, tissue damage was developed up to 600 mW and the lesion extended into the superficial choroid posteriorly and outer neural retina anterioly. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of TTT was increased with fundus pigmentation. Clinically we should adjust TTT power setting according to the amount of melanin pigmentation in the fundus.
Choroid ; Epithelial Cells ; Lasers, Semiconductor ; Melanins ; Pigmentation ; Rabbits ; Retina* ; Retinaldehyde ; Thrombosis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relation between recovery of visual function and microperimetric fixation area in eyes with idiophthic macular hole after vitrectomy. METHODS: We used SLO (Scanning laser microscope, Rodenstock, Germany) microperimetry to examine foveal retinal function and fixation area in 14 eyes with idiopathic macular hole following pars plana vitrectomy. The relation between those preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity and fixation area was studied. RESULTS: The macular hole size was correlated with preoperative visual acuity (p=0.026) and the closure of hole was related to the size of fixation area (p=0.003). The postoperative visual acuity was related to symptom duration before the vitrectomy (p=0.03), but not related to preoperative macular hole size. The fixation area correlated with the postoperative best corected visual acuity (p=0.043) and the direction of movement was variable. In most eyes, fixation area was located above the horizontal meridian. CONCLUSIONS: The fixation area was correlated with postoperative visual acuity and we think functional macular hole closure as well as anatomical closure were useful parameter of the success of macular hole surgery.
Ophthalmoscopes* ; Retinal Perforations* ; Retinaldehyde ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy*