A survey on the prevalence of intestinal parasites was performed during the period from April to June of 1969, to evaluate the present status of parasitic infections in ROK Army soldiers. Stool specimens of 1,0l2 soldiers were collected from a camp located in Won-Ju area, and examined by the method of formalin-ether sedimentation technique. For protozoan cysts, examined slide was stained with Lugol's iodine solution and for eggs of Enterobius, the Graham's scotch cellulose tape anal swab technique was applied. The results obtained in this survey were as follows: Of the 1,012 soldiers examined, 95.0 percent were found infected by one or more intestinal parasites and 28.7 percent were found positive for protozoan cysts. The positive rates of each parasites were; A. lumbricoides 61.0 percent, T. trichiurus 73.4 percent, hookworm 17.5 percent, T. orientalis 9.5 percent, E. vermicularis 0.1 percent (from stool specimen), C. sinensis 8.8 percent, M. yokogawai 1.1 percent, Taenia sp. 1.0 percent (from stool), H. nana 0.3 percent and E. histolytica 7.4 percent. E. coli 12.6 percent, E. nana 5.9 percent, I. buetchlii 0.7 pecent, G. lamblia 6.1 percent, and C. mesnili 0.8 percent. From the anal swabs, eggs of Enterobius were recovered in 2.6 percent, and eggs of Taenia sp. showed positive rate of 1.5 percent.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda-nematoda-cestoda-protozoa ; epidemiology ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Trichuris trichiurus ; hookworm ; Trichostrogylus orientalis ; Enterobius vermicularis ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Metagonimus yokogawai ; Taenia sp. ; Hymenolepis nana ; Entamoeba histolytica ; Entamoeba coli ; Endolimax nana ; Iodamoeba buetchlii ; Giardia lamblia ; Chilomastix mesnili

Human seminal plasrna (HSP) is mixture of secretion derived from various glands associated with male reproductive tract which comprises approximately 80-90% of the volume of normal ejaculate. The present study was undertaken in an effort to explore the effect of HSP pretreatment on the production of IL-1B, TNF-a and IL-12, in mice, and to investigate if HSP may cause to induce active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) in mice. In addition, effects of HSP pretreatment on contact hypersensitivity to trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB), antibody response to polyvinylpyrroridone (PVP), a thymus-independent antigen and on ASA induced by egg albumin (OVA) were also studied in this study. For the experiments of contact hypersensitivity, antibody response and cytokine production, mice were pretreated i.p. daily with 0.3ml of HSP or sterile saline alone (control) for 3 consecutive days before antigen sensitization or lipopolysaccharide injection for the cytokine induction. For the experiments of OVA- induced anaphylaxis, mice were pretreated by a single s.c. injection of HSP 0.3ml per mouse before sensitization. For induction of ASA in mice by HSP, a group of mice were sensitized i.p. 2 consecutive days with 0.3ml of HSP and one day with 0.3 ml of HSP plus 2x10(9) B. pertussis and 1.0 mg of alum (schedule A) or another group of mice were sensitized i.p. with a single i.p. injection of 0.3 ml of HSP with 2x10' B. pertussis and 1.0 mg of alum (schedule B). All sensitized and unsensitized control mice were challenged i.v. with 0.2ml of HSP 14 days after HSP sensitization, and mortality were observed. It was found that HSP pretreatment inhibited the production of IL-lB, TNF-a and IL-12, and also inhibited OVA-induced ASA, contact hypersensitivity to TNCB and anti-PVP antibody production. Interestingly, ASA was induced by HSP irrespective of the applied sensitization schedule. Taken together, this study may provide the direct evidences that HSP may inhibit the production of IL-1B, TNF-a and IL-12 and this may be the first to show the induction of ASA by HSP in mice.
Anaphylaxis* ; Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Appointments and Schedules ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Humans* ; Interleukin-12 ; Male ; Mice* ; Mortality ; Ovum ; Picryl Chloride ; Semen* ; Whooping Cough

OBJECTIVE: Estrogen is a major regulator/modulator of bone metabolism, and bone loss in estrogen deficiency is associated with increased bone turnover, But the mechanism for estrogen action on bone metabolism is still unknown. Recent studies have suggested that the increase in bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency is mediated by increased paracrine production of bone resorbing cytokines. Among cytokines, 1nterleukin-6(IL-6) is released from osteoblasts in estrogen deficiency and increases bone resorption by stimulation of osteoclastic activities and recruitment. Thus we performed this study to evaluate the effect of ovariectomies on bone mineral density and IL-6 in cultured monocytes of peripheral blood and bone marrow. METHODS: The experimental animals were 13 female Sprague-Dawley rats that were 8 weeks of age and weighed an average of 188.5 gram at the beginning of the study. Bilateral ovariectomies were performed in all rats from a ventral approach. Bone mineral density(BMD) of the total body, spine and level of IL-6 of cultured monocytes of peripheral blood and bone marrow were measured before and 8 weeks after ovariectomy. RESULTS: 1) BMD of total body and spine were lower after ovariectomy(0.257+/-0.069g/cm2, 0,208+/-0.005g/cm2) than before ovariectomy (0.276+/-0.005g/cm2, 0.229+/-0.011g/cm2), respectively (P<0.01). 2) Although IL-6 level of cultured monocytes in peripheral blood tended to be higher after ovariectomy than before ovariectomy, this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). 3) IL-6 level of cultured monocytes in bone marrow was higher after ovariectomy(82.78+/-4.99pg/ml) than before ovariectomy(48.85+/-2.42pg/ml)(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: It is possible that increased production of IL-6 in estrogen deficiency induced by ovariectomy occurs in the local environment of bone or bone marrow rather than in the pheripheral blood and stimulates bone resorption.
Animals ; Bone Density* ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Resorption ; Cytokines ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-6* ; Metabolism ; Monocytes ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Ovariectomy* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spine

Pathologists play an important role in proper evaluation of endoscopically removed polyps of the gastrointestinal tract. This study is purposed to reclassify the polyps and review the clinicopathologic features of each histologic subtypes and their malignant potential. Our material consists of total 345 gastrointestinal polyps obtained from Jan. 1986 to Dec. 1987. The results are as follows: 1) A total of 345 gastrointestinal polyps was removed from stomach is 151 cases, from colon in 180 cases, and from small intestine in 14 cases. 2) Hyperplastic polyps were the most common type of polyps I stomach (53.6%) whereas neoplastic polyps were the most common in colon (56.1%). 3) Hyperplastic polyps of the stomach occur in any age after the 3rd decade of life and neoplastic polyps predominantly developed between the 5th and 8th decades. Juvenile retention polyps were frequently noted before the 3rd decade of age. 4) Approximately 267 cases (77.4%) of patients had a single polyp and the remainders had multiple polyps. The gastric polyps were usually located at the antrum and the colonic polyps were at the sigmoid colon and rectum. 5) Epithelial atypia was exclusively noted in the neoplastic polyps of stomach (72.7%) and colon (72.3%). Malignancy in the polyp was observed in the neoplastic polyps only (13 cases). 6) Different types of polyp may occur in the same organ.

Pathologists play an important role in proper evaluation of endoscopically removed polyps of the gastrointestinal tract. This study is purposed to reclassify the polyps and review the clinicopathologic features of each histologic subtypes and their malignant potential. Our material consists of total 345 gastrointestinal polyps obtained from Jan. 1986 to Dec. 1987. The results are as follows: 1) A total of 345 gastrointestinal polyps was removed from stomach is 151 cases, from colon in 180 cases, and from small intestine in 14 cases. 2) Hyperplastic polyps were the most common type of polyps I stomach (53.6%) whereas neoplastic polyps were the most common in colon (56.1%). 3) Hyperplastic polyps of the stomach occur in any age after the 3rd decade of life and neoplastic polyps predominantly developed between the 5th and 8th decades. Juvenile retention polyps were frequently noted before the 3rd decade of age. 4) Approximately 267 cases (77.4%) of patients had a single polyp and the remainders had multiple polyps. The gastric polyps were usually located at the antrum and the colonic polyps were at the sigmoid colon and rectum. 5) Epithelial atypia was exclusively noted in the neoplastic polyps of stomach (72.7%) and colon (72.3%). Malignancy in the polyp was observed in the neoplastic polyps only (13 cases). 6) Different types of polyp may occur in the same organ.

To determine the therapeutic plan and to predict the prognosis, it is a pivotal and important task to differentiate the exact nature of the various undifferentiated neoplasms. In order to solve this problem, the electron microscopy has once been considered only method in certain cases. Recently, however, the immunoperoxidase staining method which is less expensive and easier to usethan electron microscopy has been developed and introduced. To evaluate the diagnostic value of epithelial membrane antigen(EMA), carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) and leukocyte common antigen(LCA) immunoperoxidase method, the authors applied these staining in 15 cases of which exact diagnoses were difficult with conventional routine and special stains, using the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The results are as follows: 1) EMA was helpful in confirming the diagnosis or revising to the proper diagnosis of undifferentiated carcinoma in 4 of 6 cases and in excluding the possibility of hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma in 2 cases, respectively. The negative stainabilities in one case of choriocarcinoma and one case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma was useful to exclude the possibility of squamous cell carcinoma and the positive stainability in one case of giant cell carcinoma to exclude the possibility of sarcoma. 2) The diagnostic value of CEA was similar to that of EMA; CEA was useful to differentiate from malignant lymphoma in one case of epithelial tumor in which CEA was positive and EMA negative. 3) LCA was useful to differentiate one case of malignant lymphoma from undifferentiated carcinoma and to confirm Ewing's sarcoma from malignant lymphoma in one case.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

A rare variant of glioblastoma characterized by giant or monster cells is now well recognized. However, this tumor had been remained in controversy on its pathogenesis, and the tumor had been considered to be a sarcoma until 1968, when the electronemicroscopic study demonstrated the presence of filaments mesuring 80 in diameter in the perikarya in giant cells as well as in smaller, better differentiated cells. The peroxidase antiperoxidase stain of glial fibrillary acid protein shows positive glial fibrillary fibers in their cytoplasm, accordingly the giant cells has been recognized as being of astrocytic origin. This concept has been redocumented by light microscopy since PTAH-positive astrocytic fibers are present in large numbers of neoplastic cells. The two cases reported here were frontal and occipital giant cell glioblastomas in 58 years old male and 44 years old women, respectively. On light microscopy, the tumor showed numberous characteristic giant or monster cells as well as the same features seen in the usual glioblastoma. The electron microscopy and special stains, PTAH and GFAP confirmed that the giant cells were in glial origin.
Female ; Male ; Humans

Blood group isoantigens (BGS) A, B and H comprise a group of carbohydrate cell surface markers found not only on the erythrocytes but in wide variety of epithelial cells and body fluid on 80% of the human population. There has been increasing interest in the changes in blood group A, B and H antigen expression in various epithelial malignancies. These changes included deletion of A, B determinants, accumulation of precursor substances, increment or neosynthesis of imcomplete blood group antigens and synthesis of sialylated substances bearing blood group carbohydrate chains. Also these changes have been explained as an evidence of immunologic dedifferentiation analogous to the morphologic dedifferenctiation of anaplasia. isoantigens may be altered in epithelial tissues that show repair and regeneration, metaplastic changes and dysplasia. We studied that the changes of blood group isoantigens A, B and H in 30 cases of adenocarcinoma of the colon, 27 cases of adjacent mucosa and 19 cases of metastatic lymph nodes by immunohistochemical study. In ascending, transverse and rectosigmoid colon, the blood group isoantigens A, B and H are positive in 57.1%, 0% and 57.1% of adenocarcinomas and 100%, 50% and 0% in adjacent mucosae, respectively. In ascending colon,the frequency of the metastasis and recurrences in Blood group isoantigen positive and negative cases are 75% and 66.6% and in rectosigmoid colon, those are 50.5% and 90.0%, respectively. In tumors of the ascending colon, there was no significant correlation between antigen content and frequency of metastasis. However, the cancer of the rectosigmoid colon with bloodgroup isoantigen positive were associated with a lower frequency of metastasis than those without blood group isoantigen. (p=0.045). The data suggests that the immunohistochemical studies of blood group isoantigen may be of value in estimating the clinical behavior of certain colon carcinoma.
Humans ; Adenocarcinoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Cytokeratins are a family of polypeptides of intermediate filaments which in diverse epithelia are expressed in diffeent, yet specific combinations. To evaluate the diagnostic value of keratin, immunohistochemical staining was done in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded normal and neoplastic tissues by PAP and StreptABC methods. The antiserum for cytokeratin in monoclonal antibody which gives the specificity for 40, 46, 50, 52, 56, 58, and 65-67 Kd keratin classes. The results are as follows: 1) The staining was positive for cytokeratin in all of the squamous epithelium, ductular epithelial cells of various glands, respiratory and urinary tract epithelium, and mesothelial cells. 2) No staining for cytokeratin was ovserved in respiratory alveolar epithelium, acinar cells of various glands, renal glomeruli, hepatocytes, and many mesoderm-derived tissues such as muscle, hematopoieitc and lymphoid tissues, nerve, bone, cartilage, and fibroblasts. 3) Squamous cell carcinomas, transitional cell carcinomas, mesotheliomas, and some of the adenocarcinomas (stomach, colon, uterine cervix, biliary tract and breast) exhibited positive staining for cytokeratin. Epithelial cells of thymoma, adenomatoid tumor, plemorphic adenoma of salivary gland, papillary carcinoma of thyroid, lymphoepithelioma, and craniopharyngioma were also positive. 4) Some of the adenocarcinomas (prostate and pancreas), renal cell carcinoma, ovarian stromal and germ cell tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and mesoderm-derived tumors including malignant lymphoma were uniformly negative for staining. 5) From the above results, the immunohistochemical study in paraffin-embedded tissues using monoclonal antibody for cyto keratin may be useful to differentiate various tumors, especially in differential of hepatocellular carcinoma from bile duct adenocarcinoma, lymphoepithelioma and other undifferentiated carcinomas from lymphoma, thymoma from lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinoma from melanoma. It will be helpful in the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma in which the differentiation from renal cell carcinoma and prostatic adenocarcinoma be difficult.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

Nowday, ionizing radiation is one of the methods eradicating the uterine cervical malignancy. However radiation alone or in combination with surgery have an effect on normal tissue as well as the malignant cells, and their changes have been well described in other countries. Unfortunately, the history of radiation modality for cancer treatment is relatively short and the reports about radiation induced changes are limited in our country. We evaluated the radiation-induced changes in cervico-vaginal smears of 107 uterine cervical cancer patients obtained from March, 1985 to October, 1987. Most patients had been received 5,400 Rads of external radiation and intracavitary radiation. Patient's age ranged from 30 to 67 years old. Of 107 cases, 24 cases were normal, 72 cases showed benign radiation changes, 7 cases revealed radiation dysplasia, and residual and recurrent carcinomas found in one and 3 cases, respectively. Cytoplasmic and nuclear enlargement were the most common and noted in 57 and 38 cases, respectively. Vacuolization and polychromasia of the cytoplasm were identified in 43 and 30 cases, respectively. The most common histiocytic change was multinucleation, which was found in about one third. The radiation changes of the cytoplasm and nuclear enlargement persisted for a long time after completion of radiation, however, nuclear degeneration and multinucleation gradually disappeared after 6 months. The inflammation in background prolonged for a long time but degeneration disappeared after 6 months. The biologic significance of post-radiation dysplasia could not evaluated because of short follow up period.