No abstract available.
Danazol* ; Humans

Bottoming out is the term used to describe the inferior displacement of a breast implant after breast augmentation that results in increased distance between the nipple areolar complex and the inframammary fold. Conventional techniques for correcting bottoming out involve capsulectomy and capsulorrhaphy via an inframammary fold incision that is prone to cause large scar and increases the patient's burden. However, using an endoscopic approach via the axilla, we are able to correct bottoming out, resulting in a smaller scar and shorter recovery time. In this article, we present a novel and simple method to correct bottoming out using endoscopy and electrocauterization.
Axilla ; Breast Implants ; Breast* ; Cicatrix ; Endoscopy ; Nipples

No abstract available.
Angelica*

Liver is generally known as an organ which is most commonly involved by the metastic tumors. According to the tendency of using fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of hepatic tumors, the differentital diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic carcinoma frequently has been a main issue in the poorly differentitated cases, especially to the pathologists of Korea, an endemic area of hepatocellular carcinoma. Until now the problem has been usually solved by the comparison of cytologic characteristics of their tumor cells but not by background cytologic features which rarely have been studied. We observed the background cytologic features helpful for the differential diagnosis through the analysis of 20 cases who had confirmed primary cancer and were diagnosed as metastatic carcinomas in the liver by fine needle aspiration cytology. Twenty cases included 9 adenocarcinomas, 7 spuamous cell carcinomas, 1 small cell carcinoma, 1 carcinoid, 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma, and 1 renal cell cacinoma. Analysis of background cytologic features revealed that 77% of adenocacinoma cases showed benign mesenchymal components and hepatocytes and spuamous cell carcinoma cases disclosed benign mesenchymal tissue (71%) and necrosis (57%). Remaining cases showed variable combinations of benign mesenchymal component, necrosis, hepatocytes, and bile duct epithelial cells. No case revealed atypical hepatocytic naked nuclei, a useful cytologic finding of hepatocellular carcinoma. In summary, the background cytologic features more commonly observed in metastatic carcinomas than in the hepatocellular carcinoma were benign mesenchymal components, hepatocytes, necrosis, and bile duct epithelium. The endothelial cells and hepatocytic naked nuclei, two relatively specific findings of hepatocellular carcinoma were not observed except for renal cell carcinoma. Above background cytologic features are thought to be helpful for the differential diagnosis between the hepatocellular carcinoma and various metastatic carcinomas in the poorly differentiated cases.
Adenocarcinoma ; Bile Ducts ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endothelial Cells ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome* ; Hepatocytes ; Korea ; Liver ; Necrosis ; Pneumococcal Infections* ; Ulnar Nerve

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis(LAM) is a rare disease of women of child-bearing age in which there is progressive hyperplasia of atypical smooth mucle along lymphatics in the lung, and/or axial lymphatics in the thorax and abdomen, resulting in honeycombing of lung. Interestingly there has been a speculation that it represents a forme furste or incomplete expression of tuberous sclerosis complex. This is based on the observation that patients with tuberous sclerosis can manifest pulmonary lesions indistinguishable from LAM. We report a case of LAM occuring in a 39-year-old female, who complained of recurrent pneumothorax, chest pain and shortness of breath. Three years ago, the patient had right nephrectomy under the diagnosis of ruptured angiomyolipoma. A X-ray film of the chest showed honeycombing with a diffusely reticulonodular pattern and cyst-like spaces. She had a characteristic facial appearance of adenoma sebaceum, which her father and uncle had. Microscopically, the lung showed a marked smooth muscle proliferation around the slit-like lymphatic spaces and also some respiratory bronchioles.
Female ; Humans ; Adenoma

The authors have made an anatomy CD titled Human Anatomy (Ministry of Culture & Tourism registration number 980052) for the self study by students and have used it in anatomy classes. For better student -centered and individual education, the introduction of remote education or interactive tutorial site was inevitable. In this study, amelioration report will be presented on the development and trials of this interactive tutorial site. Total hits for attending classes were 337.5 times, making 4.1 hits per student. About 76 messages were posted on the Q&A board, less than one per student. One assignment was given per lecture and all 82 students have submitted their report. Without delay after test, all students were able to check their grades and ranks between other students. Professors were able to evaluate the percentage of correct answers per question and the average of the score. An online discussion was held for 30 minutes after each lecture. On average, 37 students were participated in the discussion. After the term, evaluation survey in the remote education or interactive tutorial on the internet was made. Eighteen students (26%) have chosen 'good', 'bad' 13 students (19%), 'not much different' 38 students (55%). One the other side, 8 (12%)-'good', 19 (28%)-'not much different', 32 (46%)-'bad' figures were shown for remote examination. From this result, it is guessed that students who are not used to using computers have shown negative feeling from the burden that they had to use a computer to take exams, not demonstrating their full ability. To see all the results of this study, you can log in at http://anatomy. hallym.ac.kr as guest ID '000' and password '000'.
Education* ; Humans ; Interactive Tutorial ; Internet

No abstract available.
Cardiomyopathies* ; Peripartum Period*

BACKGROUND: The SF-6D, derived from the SF-36, is a preference-based instrument measuring health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Using this tool, we measured the HRQOL of persons disabled by stroke dwelling in Gyeongju city and identified factors affecting the HRQOL. METHODS: As of March 2008, 991 persons who had had a stroke and were aged 50 and over were identified on the Gyeongju city disabled registry. Interviewers specifically trained for this face-to-face survey gathered pertinent information including general and clinical characteristics from June to October 2008. In addition, the health status was measured using the Modified Rankin Scale, the Barthel ADL index, and the SF-36. The SF-6D index was derived from the SF-36. We analyzed the known-group construct validity and convergent validity. Finally, we performed multiple regression analyses to identify factors affecting the HRQOL. RESULTS: Of the 991 potential subjects, 498 persons participated in the interviews (response rate: 50.3%). The SF-6D indices for females and those aged 70 and over were lower than indices for males and those aged 60 and less. Correlation coefficients between the Modified Rankin Scale, the Barthel index, and the SF-6D index were relatively high (-0.533 and 0.555, respectively) and statistically significant (P<0.001). Multiple regression analyses showed that sex, age, smoking, alcohol use, comorbidity, the Modified Rankin Scale, and the Barthel index had an effect on the SF-6D index of persons with stroke, and the Barthel index was the most important factor. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the SF-6D can be a valid tool for evaluating health states of persons disabled by stroke, and functional limitation was the main factor affecting the HRQOL.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Comorbidity ; Disabled Persons ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stroke ; Value of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Orientia tsutsugamushi* ; Rickettsia* ; Ulsan*

No abstract available.
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease*