No abstract available.
Muscular Atrophy*

No abstract available.
Myasthenia Gravis*

A case of severe osteoarthritic patient of both hip treated with McKee-Farrar total endoprosthesis on one hip is reported. The introduction, indication, procedure of the surgery and the use of the self curing acrylic cement were reviewed briefly. The hip following the surgery, even though the follow-up duration is short, showed exceIlent result.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans

The elbow joint is the most commonly dislocated-joint in the body except for the shoulder, and in children less then 10 years old, it is the most frequently dislocated articulation. The injury and the treatment are well described in most standard textbooks, but the characteristic findings and follow-up evaluations are not generally recognized. Authors have clinically analyzed 45 cases of traumatic fracture and dislocation of the elbow joint which are treated between January, 1975 and June, 1985 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wonju Medical College of Yonsei University. The results were as follows; 1. The age incidences were in even distribution except in the old ages where the incidence was low and the male to female ratio was 7: 3. 2. The major cause of the injury of the elbow was fall down (60%). 3. Posterior and posterolateral dislocations were about 60% of all cases. 4. Associated fractures were 35.6% of all the elbow dislocations, of which medial epicondyle fracture had the highest incidence. 5. Complications including ulnar nerve injury (3 cases), median nerve injury(1 case), radial nerve mjury(1 case), rupture of brachial artery(2 cases), recurrent dislocation(1 case) and calcification of ligament(2 cases) were observed. 6. Pure elbow dislocation occurred in 13 cases (28.9%). 7. The average immobilization period for patient with non-operative treatment (45%) and operative treatment(55%) were 7 days and 3 weeks, respectively, and much better results were seen in patients with non-operative treatment than in operative treatment and in shortened immobilization period.
Child ; Clinical Study ; Dislocations ; Elbow Joint ; Elbow ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Male ; Median Nerve ; Orthopedics ; Radial Nerve ; Rupture ; Shoulder ; Ulnar Nerve

It is well-known that the infection of bone and joints could produce the shortening by destroying the articuiar cartilage and growth plate, or the lengthening hy increased hlood circulation to the epiphyseal and metaphyseal regions of long bone. Since 1985, we have treated total l7 cases of children s pyogenic or tuberculous children s knee with early arthrotomy and continuous irrigation etc. and followed their long hone growth for average 53 months after surgical intervention. Five patients (group I ) were early treated within 2 weeks and twelve patients(group 3 ) were delayed to treat their knees for more than 2 weeks of symptom development. Total 11 patients out of 17 cases(64.7%) (2 cases of group 1 pyogenic arthritis, and 1 case of group l and 8 cases of group II tuberculous arthritis) revealed growth acceleration. Femoral lengthening was much more greater than that of tibial growth, and the size of patella, distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphysis which were measured by computerized digitizer were also significantly larger than that of opposite knee. The total limb length was increased hy average 7mm in 6 months, l4mm in 1 year and 3mm in 2 years after operation. These results suggest the pyogenic and tuberculous arthritis in children s knee should he treated as early as possible after symptoms developed, and followed them to trace their limh inequality for at least 2 years after surgery. That means the early arthrotomy for tuberculous knee or even in pyogenic arthritis can preserve normal articular cartilage and can also prevent the early epiphyseal closure hy infection. and can get the limh lengthening by increased blood circulation around the knee joint.
Acceleration ; Arthritis ; Blood Circulation ; Cartilage ; Cartilage, Articular ; Child* ; Epiphyses ; Extremities ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Lower Extremity* ; Patella ; Socioeconomic Factors

OBJECTIVES: Auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) is knoun for its high prevalence and difficulty in evaluation. Authors hypothesized that it may be possible to find useful dimensions of AVH that reflect the clinical status of schizophrenic patients by assessing the multi-dimensional changes and linguistic forms' of AVH during antipsychotic treatment. METHODS: 33 schizophrenic patients with AVH were selected and periodically assessed with the 11 items of hallucinations subscale of 'The Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS)'. In addition, to assess the linguistic forms observed in the AVH, the evaluations of sentence structure of AVH reported by the patients were conducted. RESULTS: PSYRATS showed the multidimensionality inherent in AVH. The changes in the quantitative dimensions did not correlate well with patients' subjective distress. However, qualitative changes in the cognitive and emotional dimensions showed more favorable correlation with clinical course of the patient. The sentence structures of AVH showed tendency to change from "sentence" to "non-sentence" type with overall improvement during treatment. CONCLUSION: Multi-dimensional approach to AVH can give us more information about the changing patterns of multi-faceted structure of AVH and clinical status of patients than one-dimensional or categorical approach.
Hallucinations* ; Humans ; Linguistics ; Prevalence ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVES: Auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) is knoun for its high prevalence and difficulty in evaluation. Authors hypothesized that it may be possible to find useful dimensions of AVH that reflect the clinical status of schizophrenic patients by assessing the multi-dimensional changes and linguistic forms' of AVH during antipsychotic treatment. METHODS: 33 schizophrenic patients with AVH were selected and periodically assessed with the 11 items of hallucinations subscale of 'The Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS)'. In addition, to assess the linguistic forms observed in the AVH, the evaluations of sentence structure of AVH reported by the patients were conducted. RESULTS: PSYRATS showed the multidimensionality inherent in AVH. The changes in the quantitative dimensions did not correlate well with patients' subjective distress. However, qualitative changes in the cognitive and emotional dimensions showed more favorable correlation with clinical course of the patient. The sentence structures of AVH showed tendency to change from "sentence" to "non-sentence" type with overall improvement during treatment. CONCLUSION: Multi-dimensional approach to AVH can give us more information about the changing patterns of multi-faceted structure of AVH and clinical status of patients than one-dimensional or categorical approach.
Hallucinations* ; Humans ; Linguistics ; Prevalence ; Weights and Measures

An unusual case of intraspinal peripheral neuroepithelioma arising from the cauda equina is reported. The patient, a 21-year old female, suffered from low back pain with radiation to the posterior aspect of both legs. Myelographic, computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging studies of lumbosacral spine showed the intradural extramedullary mass lesion on the L3-S1 level which was excised surgically, but recurred rapidly. It could be diagnosed by the histopathologic findings. The postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy were administered. We report this rare case with review of the literatures.
Cauda Equina* ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Low Back Pain ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral* ; Radiotherapy ; Spine ; Young Adult

There has been remarkable progress in the treatment of erectile dysfunction during last decade. We have analyzed 2,000 patients with erectile dysfunction who had been treated with a variety of treatment modalities during last 10 years to identify the annual changes in the proportion of the respective treatment modality. The most remarkable change was seen in the proportion of patients treated by vasoactive pharmacotherapy The proportion was 12.0% on 1984, which was gradually increased in time, and reached to 82.1% on 1994. Another remarkable change was found in the proportion of patients treated by surgery, especially vascular surgery : The proportion of patients treated by penile prosthesis implantation on 1985 and vein ligation on 1986 was 64.0% and 14.3%, respectively ; whereas, it was decreased to 1.8 % and 0% on 1994, respectively. In conclusion, we could find remarkable change of trend in the primary treatment modality for erectile dysfunction from invasive and costly surgical treatment to less invasive and cheap vasoactive pharmacotherapy. Nowadays, intracavernous self-injection of vasoactive agents plays a primary role in the treatment of impotence. Penile prosthesis implantation remains as the last treatment modality for erectile dysfunction. However, vascular surgery is rarely being performed nowadays because of its poor long-term outcome.
Drug Therapy ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Humans ; Ligation ; Male ; Penile Implantation ; Veins

Nocturnal enuresis is by any standard the most benign voiding dysfunction in children, with a spontaneous cure rate of up to 15% per year. On the other hand it is one of the most sociopsychologically disturbing diseases in children because of its association with taboos and rites, and for families with bedwetters it is also a significant economic burden. Many investigators have reported upon the effectiveness of drugs in alleviating nocturnal enuresis in children and adults. We evaluated the results of drug therapy in 60 children with nocturnal enuresis: 42 boys and 18 girls. mean age 8.7 years(range 5-15). All children were evaluated after treatment with imipramine, and the response rate of imipramine was 76.7%. For the remaining 14 non-responders, desmopressin was given intranasally at bedtime. And the response rate of desmopressin was 64.3%. So, the overall response rate of imipramine and desmopressin was 9l.7%. No serious side effects were observed. These data show that the combined therapy with imipramine and desmopressin is very effective in treating enuresis.
Adult ; Child ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin* ; Drug Therapy ; Enuresis* ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Imipramine* ; Nocturnal Enuresis ; Research Personnel ; Taboo