No abstract available.
Chitosan*

No abstract available.
Chilaiditi Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Chitosan* ; Eating* ; Mice*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop in vivo dosimetries using both chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in mice to assess biological effects of radiations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five each mice were irradiated with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 Gy of Cs-137 gamma-rays. We scored numbers of chromosomal aberrations in metaphase spreads and numbers of micronuclei in bone marrow smears under light microscope, and obtained the dose-response relationships. We also examined the relationship between the two dose-response curves. RESULTS: The frequency of both chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei increased with dose, in a linear-quadratic manner. The delta, beta, and alpha coefficients were 0.0176, 0.0324, and 0.0567 for metaphase analysis (r=1.0, p<0.001) and 0.0019, 0.0073, and 0.0506 for micronuclei assay (r=1.0, p<0.001). The frequency of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in diffirent radiation doses was significantly correlated (r=0.99, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: In vivo dosimetry using either metaphase analysis or micronucleus assay was feasible in mice. These methods could be useful to evaluate biological effects of radiation.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells* ; Bone Marrow* ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Metaphase* ; Mice* ; Micronucleus Tests

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lymphocytes* ; Siblings* ; Sister Chromatid Exchange* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: To obtain the findings of normal variant types of lower cervical body configuration for the purpose of differention from compression fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed simple true lateral radiographs of cervical spine from C3 to C7 in 157 pediatric patients who did not have definitive clinical symptoms of cervical spinal injury. We classified the variations of normal cervical spine into 5 types by their configuration. In case of rounded upper corner or anteriorly wedged type, we measured the height and the width of vertebral body to classify these types, and undertook ANOVA test and multiple range test to determine the correlation between the gross configuration and the measured values. RESULTS: Type 1 was similarly observed at each of C3 to C7 in age of 1-4 group but the frequency was markedly decreased in age of 5-8 group. Type 2a was frequently observed at both age groups, and its incidence increased considerally at C3 and C4 with advancing age. Type 2b was more frequently observed at C3 body and Type 3 was observed only at C3 body in age group 1-4. Type 4 was markedly increased at 5-8 age group. Type 2b and 3 were seen mostly at C3, but sometimes at C4 body. Height of body was statistically more significant than width of body in classification of type 2a, 2b and 3. CONCLUSION: The configuration of lower cervical spine in infants and children changes from immature oval type(type 1) to mature rectagular type(type 4) with increasing age. Among the 4 types, the rounded upper corner type or anterior wedging type of lower cervical spine should be differentiated from compresson fracture. We concluded that the height of cervical body is more significant than the width of body in simple radiographic classification of types 2a, 2b and 3.
Child* ; Classification ; Fractures, Compression ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Injuries ; Spine

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy in patients with idiopathic orbital inflammation. METHODS: Fifty-two patients who received three-day pulse methylprednisolone for acute severe swelling, loss of visual acuity, limitation of eye movement, diplopia, or pain were included in the present study. The lesions were divided into five subtypes using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging; anterior, lacrimal, myositic, diffuse and apical. A case diagnosed as sclerotic type was excluded. The response rate, recurrence rate and cure rate were assessed. RESULTS: The total response rate to intravenous methylprednisolone from all groups was 84.6%, with 100% in the anterior subtype and 71.4% in the diffuse subtype. During the mean follow-up period of 10.5 months, 15.9% of patients experienced a recurrence after a mean of 5.7 months. Overall, the cure rate was 71.2%. Recurrence was more common in the younger patients, and three of the seven patients with recurrence had myositic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous methylprednisolone was effective in patients with severe idiopathic orbital inflammation. However, combining other treatment modalities in patients with diffuse or myositic subtypes and in younger patients who show relatively low response or high recurrence is recommended.
Diplopia ; Eye Movements ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Methylprednisolone ; Orbit ; Recurrence ; Visual Acuity

The fabella is the seasmoid bone occurring in about 10–30% of individuals and is located in the head of the lateral tendon of the Gastrocnemius muscle. Fracture of the fabella is a very rare condition. Since first reported by Jacob Sagel in 1932, only 5 cases of fabella fracture had been reported. However, there has been no bilateral case. We report a first case of bilateral fracture of the fabella with review of literature. This case was combined with rupture of anterior cruciate ligament and lateral collateral ligament on the right knee.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Head ; Knee ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Rupture ; Tendons

PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of paralytic ileus after spinal operation in the supine or prone operative position and to determine the efficacy of prophylactic gastrointestinal motility medications in preventing symptomatic paralytic ileus after a spinal operation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients received spinal surgery in the supine or prone operative position. The study period was divided into two phases: first, to analyze the prevalence of radiographic and symptomatic paralytic ileus after a spinal operation, and second, to determine the therapeutic effects of prophylactic gastrointestinal motility medications (postoperative intravenous injection of scopolamine butylbromide and metoclopramide hydrochloride) on symptomatic paralytic ileus after a spinal operation. RESULTS: Basic demographic data were not different. In the first phase of this study, 27 patients (32.9%) with radiographic paralytic ileus and 11 patients (13.4%) with symptomatic paralytic ileus were observed. Radiographic paralytic ileus was more often noted in patients who underwent an operation in the prone position (p=0.044); whereas the occurrence of symptomatic paralytic ileus was not different between the supine and prone positioned patients (p=0.385). In the second phase, prophylactic medications were shown to be ineffective in preventing symptomatic paralytic ileus after spinal surgery [symptomatic paralytic ileus was observed in 11.1% (4/36) with prophylactic medication and 16.7% (5/30) with a placebo, p=0.513]. CONCLUSION: Spinal surgery in the prone position was shown to increase the likelihood of radiographic paralytic ileus occurrence, but not symptomatic paralytic ileus. Unfortunately, the prophylactic medications to prevent symptomatic paralytic ileus after spine surgery were shown to be ineffective.
Adjuvants, Anesthesia/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Adult ; Aged ; Antiemetics/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Motility/*drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction/drug therapy/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Lumbar Vertebrae/radiography/*surgery ; Male ; Metoclopramide/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Prone Position ; Prospective Studies ; Republic of Korea ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide/*administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Spinal Fusion/*adverse effects ; Supine Position ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a Medpor(R) (porous polyethylene) channel sheet in large posterior and inferior orbital wall fracture repair. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features and postoperative outcomes of 52 patients who had undergone orbital wall reconstruction with a Medpor(R) (porous polyethylene) channel sheet between February 1999 and December 2005. RESULTS: Among 52 patients, 44 were men and 8 were women, with average age of 30.8 years and average follow-up period of 6.3 months. The surgery was performed on average at15 days after injury in 44 patients, except for in 8 reoperated cases. Miniplate or microplate fixation on the orbital rim with a Medpor(R) channel was required in all 52 patients for large posterior inferior wall fracture. Preoperatively, 43 patients had symptomatic diplopia, which resolved completely in 32 patients and decreased in 11 following surgery. No patients had induced diplopia or exacerbation of preoperative diplopia, except the primary gaze of 2 patients with hypertropia remained, requiring strabismus correction. The mean difference in preoperative enophthalmos between both eyes was 2.8 mm, which improved to 0.8 mm at the last follow-up. There were no instances of orbital infection, implant exposure or migration, or visual loss during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Medpor(R) channel implant provided optimal reconstruction of large inferior orbital wall fracture with posterior defect that lacked structural support.
Diplopia ; Enophthalmos ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Orbit ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus