PURPOSE: We performed this study to evaluate the process of radiation induced apoptosis in A431 skin epithelial cancer cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Low to high dose radiation (0, 2, 5, 10, 25 Gy) was given to A431 cells by Cs-137 cell irradiator. Apoptosis was evaluated by cell morphology, dye exclusion test, and DNA laddering. RESULTS: Cell viability decreased as the radiation dose increased. Number of apoptotic bodies increased as radiation dose increased. It increased most significantly at 12 hours after irradiation. Lactate dehydrogenase activity in culture medium increased according to radiation dose and time after irradiation. CONCLUSION:: Radiation-induced apoptosis which was the main course of cell death in A431 cells could be analyzed quantitatively by counting apoptotic bodies under microscope. Apoptosis increased as radiation dose increased.
Apoptosis* ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; DNA ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Skin

Diaphyseal fractures of the long bone associated with massive soft tissue injury or severe comminution is difficult to treat. Fracture healing is often delayed due to the damaged soft tissue, deep seated wound infection, fracture instability and poor local circulation. The delayed fracture healing necessitates prolonged immobilization of the limb which results in joint stiffness. Various type of fracture treatment was suggested for this type of fractures to ease the treatment. The Wagner's apparatus was one of the device to treat it, which was originally introduced as a device for controlled leg lengthening. Its use also has been expanded to serve as a rigid unilateral external fixation frame for fracture. In order to obtain satisfactory fracture union without adjacent joint contracture, the Wagner's apparatus has been employed by us in three cases who were hospitalized in Kangnam St. May's Hospital. The experience of this technique was very encouraging; therefore we recommend its wide application in fracture treatment in cases of the patient who can not receive the bilateral external fixation frame.
Contracture ; Extremities ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Joints ; Leg ; Lower Extremity ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Wound Infection

No abstract available.
Cell Line* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Colloids* ; Mice*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Chitosan* ; Eating* ; Mice*

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a space occupying lesion which is composed of myofibroblasts, plasma cells, and lymphocytes. IMT of the maxillary sinus is rare and its etiology is unknown. We present a case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor occurring in the right maxillary sinus of a 57-year-old woman. Radiologically, this tumor was interpreted as malignant neoplasm. On histologic examination, bundles of spindle cells were admixed with inflammatory cells including mature plasma cells and lymphocytes. On the basis of the immunohistochemical findings and ultrastructural features, we recognized that the intervening spindle cells were myofibroblasts. We discussed etiology and prognostic factors of this tumor.
Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Maxillary Sinus* ; Middle Aged ; Myofibroblasts* ; Plasma Cells

PURPOSE: To obtain the findings of normal variant types of lower cervical body configuration for the purpose of differention from compression fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed simple true lateral radiographs of cervical spine from C3 to C7 in 157 pediatric patients who did not have definitive clinical symptoms of cervical spinal injury. We classified the variations of normal cervical spine into 5 types by their configuration. In case of rounded upper corner or anteriorly wedged type, we measured the height and the width of vertebral body to classify these types, and undertook ANOVA test and multiple range test to determine the correlation between the gross configuration and the measured values. RESULTS: Type 1 was similarly observed at each of C3 to C7 in age of 1-4 group but the frequency was markedly decreased in age of 5-8 group. Type 2a was frequently observed at both age groups, and its incidence increased considerally at C3 and C4 with advancing age. Type 2b was more frequently observed at C3 body and Type 3 was observed only at C3 body in age group 1-4. Type 4 was markedly increased at 5-8 age group. Type 2b and 3 were seen mostly at C3, but sometimes at C4 body. Height of body was statistically more significant than width of body in classification of type 2a, 2b and 3. CONCLUSION: The configuration of lower cervical spine in infants and children changes from immature oval type(type 1) to mature rectagular type(type 4) with increasing age. Among the 4 types, the rounded upper corner type or anterior wedging type of lower cervical spine should be differentiated from compresson fracture. We concluded that the height of cervical body is more significant than the width of body in simple radiographic classification of types 2a, 2b and 3.
Child* ; Classification ; Fractures, Compression ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Injuries ; Spine

The fabella is the seasmoid bone occurring in about 10–30% of individuals and is located in the head of the lateral tendon of the Gastrocnemius muscle. Fracture of the fabella is a very rare condition. Since first reported by Jacob Sagel in 1932, only 5 cases of fabella fracture had been reported. However, there has been no bilateral case. We report a first case of bilateral fracture of the fabella with review of literature. This case was combined with rupture of anterior cruciate ligament and lateral collateral ligament on the right knee.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Head ; Knee ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Rupture ; Tendons

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lymphocytes* ; Siblings* ; Sister Chromatid Exchange* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: Radiation adaptive response in human peripheral lymphocytes and mouse bone marrow cells was investigated using both metaphase analysis and micronucleus assay. We assessed the correlation between both tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of the human peripheral lymphocytes and mouse bone marrow cells were exposed to low dose (conditioning dose, 0.18 Gy) or high dose (challenging dose, 2 Gy) gamma-rays. The other 4 groups were exposed to low dose followed by high dose after several time intervals (4, 7, 12, and 24 hours, respectively). The frequencies of chromosomal aberrations in metphase analysis and micronuclei in micronucleus assay were counted. RESULTS: Chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei of preexposed group were lower than those of the group only exposed to high dose radiation. Maximal reduction in frequencies of chromosomal aberrations were observed in the group to which challenging dose was given at 7 hour after a conditioning dose (p<0.001). Metaphase analysis and micronucleus assay revealed very good correlation in both human lymphocytes and mouse bone marrow cells (r=0.98, p<0.001; r=0.99, p=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Radiation adaptive response could be induced by low dose irradiation in both human lymphocytes and mouse bone marrow cells. There was a significant correlation between metaphase analysis and micronucleus assay
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells* ; Bone Marrow* ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cytogenetics* ; Humans* ; Lymphocytes* ; Metaphase* ; Mice* ; Micronucleus Tests