Ovarian tumor in pregnancy is not rare and benign cystic teratoma is most common ovarian tumor in pregnancy. Most ovarian tumor in pregnancy is found at first and second trimester but sometimes found at third trimester and it is difficult to make a decision for management. Moreover physician should consider fetal age and mother's condition, and weigh outcome of operation for complicated ovarian tumor in pregnancy. Torsion of ovarian tumor is not an uncommon complication during first trimester of pregnancy and puerperium but rare occurs during the third trimester of pregnancy. We have experienced a case of torsion of benign cystic teratoma of ovary which occurred at 37 weeks gestation in a 25 year-old woman. So we report this case with a brief review of literature.
Adult ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Ovary* ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Pregnancy* ; Teratoma*

No abstract available.
Fallopian Tubes* ; Female

Vesicovaginal fistula is a uncommon status in the developed countries. In the past it was mostly by obstetric causes. But now a days, posthysterectomy fistulas are seen. Fistula is a discomfort to the patient because of urine leakage, odor, and its inconvenience. We have experienced one case of fistula after abdominal hysterectomy and have repaired it by Latzko partial colpocleisis. So we report a case with some references.
Developed Countries ; Fistula ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Odors ; Vesicovaginal Fistula*

BACKGROUND: The aim of study was to confirm the clinical effectiveness and results of wide and single anterior approach for fractures occurring along length of humerus. METHODS: A total of 23 patients with humeral fracture were enrolled into our study who were able to participate in at least one year of follow-up. Seven patients had segmental comminuted humeral fractures and 16 patients had distal humeral fractures. We made various tractions of the muscles to expose the proximal and the middle third humerus between the biceps and brachialis and the distal humerus by partial splitting of lateral side of biceps through a single incision. Postoperatively, we measured the Mayo elbow performance index (MEPI). RESULTS: we achieved bone union in all 23 patients. Solid union of the bone was achieved at an average 13.9 weeks. Postoperatively, two complications were observed screw loosening and nonunion. Revision surgery was performed in both patients. The patient with bone nonunion was treated using bone grafts. No postoperative infections or peripheral neuropathies were observed. At the final follow-up (average 20 months), we found that the average MEPI functional score of the patients was 91.7 points regardless of the fracture site. CONCLUSIONS: Our whole humerus with a single incision was effective for the treatment of segmental comminuted and distal fractures. we believe it is a useful alternative to preexisting methods of fracture fixation.
Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation* ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; Humerus* ; Muscles ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Traction ; Transplants ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical features of children with high hyperopia weaning with age. METHODS: The medical records of 203 children wearing spectacles due to hyperopia of +4.00 diopters (D) or greater in at least one eye based on the cycloplegic refraction and with follow-up for 3 years or more were reviewed. The patients were divided into those who showed a decrease in the spherical equivalent (SE) of 1.50 D or greater and those who maintained. The age of wearing spectacles, the magnitude of hyperopia, the angle of deviation, the ratio of accommodative-convergence to accommodation (AC/A), and the frequency of amblyopia and anisometropia were compared. RESULTS: Forty seven patients with decreased hyperopia and 156 patients with sustained hyperopia were included. The decreased-group started to wear spectacles later than the sustained-group (5.0 ± 2.3 years vs. 4.1 ± 2.4 years). The mean SE of the hyperopic eye in the decreased-group was significantly greater at the initial visit than in the sustained-group (6.29 ± 2.18 D vs. 5.47 ± 1.38 D); was identical at the 1 year follow-up (4.83 ± 1.72 D vs. 4.89 ± 1.55 D); and significantly lower at the last follow-up (3.15 ± 1.72 D vs. 4.65 ± 1.56 D). In the decreased-group, the mean hyperopia of 3.14 ± 2.02 D decreased during a mean period of 3.9 years, especially during the first year after spectacle correction. At baseline, the frequency and angle of esotropia at both distant and near with/without hyperopic correction was significantly larger in the sustained-group. The frequency of amblyopia and anisometropia and the AC/A were identical between the two groups, while the frequency of amblyopia at the last follow-up was significantly lower in the decreased-group. CONCLUSIONS: Some patients with hyperopia of +4.00 D or greater who had none or a small angle of esotropia and improved amblyopia showed a decrease in hyperopia with age.
Amblyopia ; Anisometropia ; Child ; Emmetropia ; Esotropia ; Eyeglasses ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Medical Records ; Weaning

PURPOSE: To report two cases with recurrent involvement of the optic nerve as the initial sign of acute leukemic relapse.CASE SUMMARY: An 8-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia on the maintenance chemotherapy was referred for a decrease in visual acuity in the right eye. The visual acuity and optic disc swelling were completely resolved with high-dose steroid therapy. Two months after the initial presentation, the symptoms recurred and brain/orbit magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed high intensity along the right optic nerve from the retrobulbar area to the optic chiasm. The visual acuity was restored after high-dose steroid therapy. One month after the second attack, the symptoms recurred and the cerebrospinal fluid cytology was positive for lymphoblasts. Three weeks after the intrathecal chemotherapy, the visual acuity improved fully, but optic disc atrophy developed. A 45-year-old male, who received allogenic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia, presented with a decrease in visual acuity in the left eye. The left optic disc swelling improved with high-dose steroid therapy, but the medication was restarted due to the recurrence of symptoms 3 weeks later. Brain MRI showed a mass lesion compressing the left optic nerve, presumed to be a myeloid sarcoma. One month after local irradiation, the visual acuity was no light perception in the left eye.CONCLUSIONS: In patients with a prior history of acute leukemia, the recurrent involvement of the optic nerve should be considered as a central nerve system relapse, regardless of improvement with steroid treatment.

BACKGROUND: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common mononeuropathy encountered in clinical practice. When performing routine diagnostic nerve conduction studies (NCS) in patients with CTS, we sometimes happen to be confronted with patients who have no definite electrophysiological evidence of CTS. We therefore evaluated the diag-nostic sensitivities of several parameters in NCS for CTS patients. METHODS: We analyzed 187 patients (262 hands) who were diagnosed with CTS clinically and electrophysiologically for the past 4 years in this hospital. RESULTS: Significant abnormal findings of nerve conduction velocity (NCV) were noted in the palm to wrist (P-W) seg-ment( 98.5%), thumb-wrist (I-W) segment (97.3%), distoproximal ratio in the third finger (95.0%), and the terminal latency (71.4%) of the median nerve. There were no statistical differences in the abnormal NCVs between the male and female groups. The sensitivity of each compartment parameters were obtained in the female groups and statistical dif-ferences were found in the sensory NCV of the P-W segment and compound nerve action potential (CNAP) amplitude of the I-W segments in patients between the ages of 40 and 60. The sensory NCV of the P-W segment was especially more significant in this age group. There were statistical differences in the amplitude of the index finger to wrist (F-W) and P-W segments between the denervated electromyography group and normal group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In clini-cally suspected CTS, the most sensitive tests were the sensory NCV of the P-W segment, I-W segment, and distoproxi-mal ratio in the third finger. Therefore, the sensory NCV of the P-W segment should be performed first. If the results of this test are unremarkable, then, the next tests should include the sensory NCV of the I-W segment and the distoproxi-mal ratio should be performed before ruling out the diagnosis of CTS.
Action Potentials ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Diagnosis ; Electromyography ; Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Male ; Median Nerve ; Mononeuropathies ; Neural Conduction ; Wrist

A 17-year-old female had headache for several weeks and she developed an episode of seizure one day prior to admission. She underwent both CT and MRI, which both revealed a large tumor with cystic and solid portions at the right frontoparietal convexity. During operation, a well-defined tumor was found to have a stalk connecting the tumor itself with the brain parenchyma, proving that it was growing exophytically and expanding into the subarachnoid space. Histopathological examination revealed an anaplastic ependymoma with high cellularity. We report here on this case of an unusual supratentorial ependymoma with exophytic growth, and this can be mistaken as another exophytic growing intra-axial tumor or even as an extra-axial tumor.
Adolescent ; Brain ; Ependymoma* ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Seizures ; Subarachnoid Space ; Supratentorial Neoplasms

PURPOSE: Literature shows that low rectal cancer, that especially undergoing abdominoperineal resection (APR), is worse than mid or high rectal cancer. Two reasons have been proposed: diverse lymphatic channels in the low rectum, and technical difficulty in performing the APR. By comparison with the results reported in representative literature, we tried to find out whether low rectal cancer is really worse oncologically than high rectal cancer. METHODS: For 133 patients who underwent an APR from 1995 to 2005, we examined the pathological characteristics of the cancer, the recurrence, the metastasis, the survival rates, and the prognostic factors. RESULTS: The patient distribution according to stage was 15.9% in stage I, 33.6% in stage II, and 50.4% in stage III. The overall 5-year actuarial survival rate (5SR) of patients undergoing a curative resection (n=113) was 74.6%. Local pelvic recurrence was found in 11.5% of the patiennts, and systemic metastasis was noted in 14.2%. Among several prognostic variables, lymph node metastasis, the number of metastatic lymph nodes, adjuvant chemotherapy, and the distance between the tumor border and the dentate line were significant factors. In the multivariate analysis, lymph node metastasis was the most significant prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: It is true that a curative resection in low rectal cancer is difficult due to the anatomy of pelvis, so knowledge of the anatomic features of the pelvis and surgical skill are important. definitely, acceptable oncological results can be attamed if the rule of curative resection is obeyed. We also found that lymph node involvement was the most significant prognostic factor in low rectal cancer.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pelvis ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Rectum ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

Sialoblastoma and hepatoblastoma of neonate were very rare cancer. We present a case of concurrent sialoblastoma with hepatoblastoma associated with chromosomal anomaly.
Hepatoblastoma* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*