OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect and reproductive outcome of pelviscopic ovarian drilling in infertile patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome resistant to clomiphene citrate. METHODS: Twenty two patients involved in this study were taken pelviscopic ovarian drilling with needle electrocautery. Change of characteristic LH/FSH ratio before and after operative treatment, ovulation and pregnancy success were followed up. Paired t-test was applied for hormonal change (p<0.05). RESULTS: Thirteen of 14 patients (93%) treated only with pelviscopic ovarian drilling showed successful ovulation with or without clomiphene citrate and among these 10 patients (71%) were success in pregnancy and 9 patients delivered full term babies. When including patients who needed other assisted reproductive technique and specific medication of endometriosis 17 of 22 patients (77%) were successfully pregnant and 15 patients (68%) delivered healthy babies. The mean LH/FSH ratio 2.0+/-0.5 before treatment were decreased to 1.26+/-0.37 after treatment (p<0.05). Interestingly, among 22 patients, various degree endometriosis were found during pelviscopy and specific medication with GnRH analogue were followed. CONCLUSION: Pelviscopic ovarian drilling showed successful ovulation rate and effective reproductive outcome in clomiphene-resistant infertile patients with PCO. This surgical technique seems to be an alternative step for the management of clomiphene-resistant infertile patients with PCO and also for the diagnosis of possible high rate of endometriosis in these patents.
Clomiphene* ; Diagnosis ; Electrocoagulation ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Needles ; Ovulation ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Pregnancy ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted

OBJECTIVES: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism has been reported to be associated with depression and therapeutic outcome in depression. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ACE gene polymorphism is associated with seasonal variation in mood and behavior in a young Korean college student sample. METHODS: 297 young Korean medical students were recruited in this study. All subjects were free of major medical and psychiatric problems. They were genotyped for the ACE gene polymorphism and evaluated the seasonal variation in mood and behavior by the Seasonality Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). RESULTS: Global Seasonality Score (GSS) of SPAQ between three genotypes were not different. However, comparison of the group that showed seasonality of mood and behavior during winter with the group that did not showed seasonality indicated significant difference in genotype distribution (chi-square=6.79, p=0.034). The D allele non-carrier (II genotype) frequency was significantly higher in winter seasonality group than non-seasonality group (chi-square=6.59, p=0.010; odds ratio [OR]=2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-4.28). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the ACE gene polymorphism is related to winter-type seasonality in a Korean population.
Alleles ; Depression ; Genotype ; Humans ; Odds Ratio ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seasons* ; Students, Medical

Entrapment of the extensor pollicis longus tendon is reported rarely on Smith's fractures in children. In our case, a 15 year old boy with Smith's fracture received treatment of closed reduction at another hospital. When he visited our hospital, a wide gap at the fracture site was detected on radiograph and the thumb movement was limited. We have doubt the entrapment of the soft tissue, especially the tendon. We decided on open reduction. In the operation field, entrapment of the extensor pollicis longus tendon at the gap of the fracture site was found through dorsal approach. In addition, fracture treatment with K-wire fixation after reduction of extensonr pollicis longus tendon reduction was done. Therefore, we report this case with a review of the literatures.
Child ; Humans ; Tendons ; Thumb

Myotonic dystrophy is a multisystemic disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The characteristic clinical features include the presence of myotonia, atrophy of the muscles of the face and the sternocleidomastoids and numerous nonmusclar manifestations such as cataracts, frontal baldness, gonadal dysfunctions and cardiac abnormalities. We experienced one case of myotonic dystrophy with prolonged atrial flutter in 30-year-old male who was admitted because of palpitation. We present this case with reviewing literatures.
Adult ; Alopecia ; Atrial Flutter* ; Atrophy ; Cataract ; Gonads ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Myotonia ; Myotonic Dystrophy*

STUDY DESIGN: Immunohistologic staining of Intervertebral discs at surgery was performed using CD68, matrix metallopro-teinase-1(MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-3(MMP-3). OBJECTIVES: 1. To investigate the histologic characteristics of the macrophage infiltrations in herniated discs and degenerative discs. 2. To investigate the difference of immumoexpression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 activity to herniated discs and degenerative discs. 3. To investigate the possible correlation between the macrophage infiltrations, MMP-1 and MMP-3 in herniated discs and degenerative discs. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Spontaneous absorption of herniated disc is associated with infiltrating macrophages and matrix metalloproteinases. Matrix metalloproteinases(MMP) are main matrix degradative enzymes in intervertebral disc. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-seven specimens of degenerative disc specimens and one hundred and two specimens of lumbar disc herniation were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies to CD68, anti-MMP-1, and anti-MMP-3. RESULTS: The granulation tissue containing many CD68-positive macrophages was commonly observed in herniated disc and not in degenerative disc. The immunoexpression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 were observed in herniated and degenerative disc and there were the differences of intensity and localization of MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression in herniated disc and not in degenerative disc. There was no correlation between the macrophage infiltrations, MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression. CONCLUSIONS: The macrophage infiltrations were specific in the granulation tissue of herniated discs. The differents patterns of immunoexpressions of MMP-1 and MMP-3 were observed in herniated and degenerative discs.
Absorption ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Granulation Tissue ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Intervertebral Disc* ; Macrophages* ; Matrix Metalloproteinases

No abstract available.
Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Ifosfamide* ; Paclitaxel*

PURPOSE: This study is to define the structural patterns of pregnancy motivation of married women. METHOD: Q-methodology was used on 110 statements collected from interviews with women and a literature review. 38 Q-samples were selected. The Q-samples were administerd to 30 randomized P-sample. RESULT: Data analysis of Q-type obtained by QUANL program shows three types of subjectivity in the perception of pregnancy motivation. Type 1, "Family-connection strengthening", Pregnancy motivation is characterized by the tendency to make home, to tie family member, to connect couple firmly. Type 2,"Self-satisfaction", Women of this type take pleasure and happiness from child rearing in terms of being a mother and having maternal affection. Type 3, "Self-centered", This type of pregnancy motivation puts on high emphasis on self achievement and they make a family planning suitable for the maternal role. CONCLUSION: The stronger was women's pregnancy motivation, the more positive were women's pregnancy experience and maternal role attainment. Therefore, When nurses take care of pregnancy women, they should understand the women's psycho-social aspects and then apply a program of nursing intervention to the pregnant women, It is necessary to continue to study on social and psychological problems related to pregnancy.
Child ; Child Rearing ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Happiness ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mothers ; Motivation* ; Nursing ; Pleasure ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Statistics as Topic

Parosteal lipoma is a rare kind of lipoma that occurring adipous tissue around the periosteum. It has been reported most commonly in the femur, the radius, the tibia and the fibular. Treatment consists of resecting the lipomatous tumor with further exeresis of the bone and periosteal excrescence in cases with hyperostosis. The authors report a rare case of parosteal lipoma occurring at the medial portion of the femur shaft with a review of the relevant literatures.
Femur ; Hyperostosis ; Lipoma ; Periosteum ; Radius ; Tibia

Massive ovarian edema is a rare tumor-like condition occurring in young women; it involves enlargement of the ovary, caused by intermittent torsion of the mesovarium. Ultrasonographically, a well-defined inhomogeneous soft tissue mass lesion is seen, and this cannot be distinguished from other solid ovarian tumors. The MRI findings, seen on T1WI, are inhomogeneous high signal intensity of the central part, with peripheral low signal intensity of the mass lesion. On T2WI, the inner part of the mass shows high signal intensity and the peripheral part, low signal intensity. Ovarian follicles are arranged peripherally, and are seen as low signal intensity on T1WI, and high signal intensity on T2WI. These MR findings are specific for the diagnosis of massive ovarian edema.
Diagnosis ; Edema* ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Ovarian Follicle ; Ovary

PURPOSE: We performed an immunohistochemical study with pre-treatment biopsy specimens to evaluate the prognostic significance of four biomolecular markers which can be used as a predictive assay for radiotherapy (RT) treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1998 through December 2006, 68 patients were histologically diagnosed as non-metastatic NPC and treated by RT. Only 38 patients had the paraffin block for the immunohistochemical study. Thirty-one patients had undifferentiated carcinoma and 7 patients had squamous cell carcinoma. Thirty-two patients (84%) had advanced stage NPC (2002 AJCC Stage III~IV). Immunohistochemical staining was performed for Met, COX-2, nm23-H1, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression using routine methods. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 30 months (range, 11 to 83 months) for all patients, and 39 months (range, 19 to 83 months) for surviving patients. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of the patients with high Met extent (> or =50%) was significantly lower than that of the patients with low Met extent (48% vs. 84%, p=0.02). In addition, Met extent was also a significant prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (p=0.01). No correlation was observed between Met extent and T stage, N stage, stage group, gender, age, and the response to chemotherapy or RT. Met extent showed moderate correlation with COX-2 expression (Pearson coefficient 0.496, p<0.01), but COX-2 expression did not affect OS. Neither nm23-H1 or EGFR expression was a prognostic factor for OS in this study. CONCLUSION: High Met extent (> or =50%) might be an independent prognostic factor that predicts poor OS in NPC treated with RT.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; Paraffin ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor