The current classification of pituitary adenomas is based on cell type, largely ascertained by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. In an application of immunohistochemistry, pathologists have some problems in judging the results. An immunostaining result does not always correspond with a serum hormone level. It is also difficult to determine the nature of a tumor when a few cells are positive. We performed the immunohistochemical stains on 34 pituitary adenomas using polyclonal antibodies to six pituitary hormones [PRL (prolactin), GH (growth hormone), ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)] and compared with serum hormone level. The serum hormone level was increased in 14 cases (41.2%) of PRL, 7 cases (20.6%) of PRL & GH, 6 pleurihormonal cases (17.6%), 4 nonfunctioning cases (11.8%), 2 cases (5.9%) of FSH, and 1 case (2.9%) of GH. The most common immunohistochemical type of pituitary adenoma was 10 prolactinoma cases (38.5%), followed by 7 pleurihormonal cases (26.9%), 4 null cell cases (15.4%), 3 cases of mixed PRL & GH (11.5%), 1 case of ACTH (3.8%) and 1 FSH & LH case (3.8%). The corresponding rates of the serum hormone level and immunostaining results were 94.1% in GH, 88.9% in TSH, 85.7% in LH, 82.4% in ACTH, 66.7% FSH, and 61.8% in PRL. In the immunostaining for FSH, 12 cases showed less than 5% positivity and most of them exhibited the normal serum hormone level. In conclusion, the most common elevated serum hormone and immunohistochemical type of pituitary adenoma was prolactinoma. The corresponding rate of the serum hormone level and immunostaining result was the highest in GH cell adenoma and was the lowest in prolactinoma. The cells showing less than 5% positivity seem to be entrapped normal cells.
Adenoma ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Antibodies ; Classification ; Coloring Agents* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Lymphocytes, Null ; Microscopy, Electron ; Pituitary Hormones ; Pituitary Neoplasms* ; Prolactinoma

Giant cell arteritis is a focal granulomatous inflammation of arteries of medium and small size that affects principally the cranial vessels, especially the temporal arteries, in older individuals. It appears to be a localized process; its significance apparantly depends on the organ affected. A 67-year-old man was admitted to hospital because of the left scrotal mass and pain lasting for 1 month. On physical examination, the hard masses were palpated at the superior part of the left epididymis without tenderness. Histologically, the spermatic cord showed granulomatous arteritis involving the small and medium sized arteries with a transmural inflammatory infiltrates centered on the inner media, and composed of lymphocytes, histiocytes, some eosinophils and multinucleated giant cells. The elastic tissue stain revealed the fragmentation of the internal elastic lamina along with numerous epithelioid histiocytes and giant cells.
Male ; Humans

PURPOSE: The overuse and misuse of antimicrobial agents and their resultant emergence of resistant microorganisms have made choices regarding antimicrobial therapy more difficult. We studied the changes of antibiotic sensitivity to the causative organisms of urinary tract infection(UTI) for recent 5 years in order to give some useful informations about the choice of adequate drug in the treatment of UTI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed 1191 uropathogens and their antibiotic sensitivities of the 1132 patients who admitted or visited the National Police Hospital and had more than 105cfu/ml on urine culture from January 1994 to December 1998 retrospectively. RESULTS: The common pathogenic organisms were E. coli(51.5%), staphylococcus(15.7%), pseudomonas(9.1%), klebsiella(7.5%) and enterobacter(4.0%), enterococcus(3.4%), proteus(3.1%) in order. The incidence of E. coli decreased from 50.8% in 1994 to 41.3% in 1998 but the incidence of other gram negative organisms like pseudomonas, klebsiella, enterobacter, proteus and acinetobacter increased from 24.8% in 1994 to 42.6% in 1998. In E. coli isolates(the majority of positive cultures), resistance to six antibiotics changed significantly: ampicillin(19.4% to 15.5%), piperacillin(44.1% to 32.0%), cephalothin(70.6% to 58.6%), gentamicin(62.8% to 60.2%), tobramycin(95.0% to 88.1%), and ciprofloxacin(87.6% to 76.3%). The sensitivity rates of the gram negative organisms including E. coli were very low in 1998 (ampicillin 11.6%, piperacillin 36.6%, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 49.3%). CONCLUSIONS: We think that E. coli is still the most important organism in the UTI but we shoud be concerned about the increasing incidence of other gram negative organisms like pseudomonas, klebsiella, enterobacter, proteus and acinetobacter. And prior to receiving the bacteriological report, using ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole as the first choice in the treatment of UTI shoud be reconsidered.
Acinetobacter ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Enterobacter ; Humans ; Incidence ; Klebsiella ; Piperacillin ; Police ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

Cryptococcal meningitis is a relatively common central nervous system infection by Cryptococcus neoformans. Before the introduction of amphotericin B in 1956, cryptococcal infection of the central nervous system had been almost uniformly fatal. Although amphotericin B(alone or in combination with flucytosine) has been the standard therapeutic regimen, problems such as modest efficacy, nephrotoxcity, other clinically significant toxicities, and the inconvinience of intravenous dosing have led to search for a new antimycotic agents. Fluconazole is a new therapeutic agent which is effective as amphoterin B. Accumulating evidence suggests that the antifungal triazole fluconazole represent an advance in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis, particulary in acquired immunodeficiency syndrom patients. Thus we report clinical experiences of fluconazole therapy for 5 cases of cryptococcal meningitis. Four of 5 patients are improved clinically and microbiologically, 1 of 5 patients is expired due to concomittent tuberculous infection.
Amphotericin B ; Central Nervous System ; Central Nervous System Infections ; Cryptococcus neoformans ; Fluconazole* ; HMGB1 Protein ; Humans ; Meningitis, Cryptococcal*

PURPOSE: To evaluate CT features of metastatic ureteral tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT findings in 16 patients with ureteral metastases were evaluated retrospectively ;there were eight cases of bilateral ureteral involvement. Primary tumors metastatic to the ureter were advanced gastric cancer (n=13), breast cancer (n=l), colon cancer (n=l), or adenocarcinoma of unknown primary (n=l). We analysed CT findings with regard to the site of ureteral obstruction, configuration of obstructed sites of ureter, presence or absence of periureteral soft tissue density, and status in other organs. RESULTS: Among 24 ureters involved, ureteral wail thickening was noted in 15, periureteral soft tissue density in 13. Small nodular enhancing lesions less than lcm, within the retroperitoneal space around the involved ureters were noted in seven patients, and four of them were multiple lesions. CONCLUSION: Among various primary tumors, gastric cancer was the most common cause of ureteral metastasis. The common CT findings of ureteral metastases were thickening of ureteral wall, periureteral soft tissue density, and small periureteral enhancing nodular lesions. The constellation of these CT findings may be helpful in making the diagnosis of ureteral metastases.
Adenocarcinoma ; Breast Neoplasms ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Retroperitoneal Space ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction

Chondrodysplasia punctata is a rare congenital disorder of bone, occuring in infants, which is characterized by radiographic manifestation of premature deposition of punctate calcific densitiy in epiphyseal areas, preformed in cartilage. We experienced a case of rhizomelic type-chondrodysplsia punctata in a two day old female who showed short stature, symmetric shortening of proximal limbs, cataract, icthyositic skin lesion and characteristic coronal clefts in lumbar vertebral bodies on X-ray.
Cartilage ; Cataract ; Chondrodysplasia Punctata ; Chondrodysplasia Punctata, Rhizomelic* ; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Skin

No abstract available.
Hyperostosis, Cortical, Congenital*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in Korean child-rearing practices between the generations of young mothers and grandmothers. METHOD: The participants were 98 mothers who were 20 to 39 years old and had raised one-year-old child and 103 grandmothers who were over 60 years old and had raised their children in a small city. Data were collected through self-report questionnaire based on the Korean traditional child-rearing practice from Yoo(1986). The data were analyzed using the SPSS Win 10.0 program. RESULTS: Of 37 items in the categories of feeding and weaning, health management and taboo matters, play, and baby celebrations, the grandmothers practiced 13 items (35%) more frequently than the young mothers. However, no generation differences were found in 21 items (57%), and 3 items were practiced more frequently by the young mothers. For the young mothers, there were 15 items (41%) which were practiced over 70%, 7 items (19%) which were practiced less than 30%. CONCLUSION: It seems that some Korean traditional child-rearing practices were transferred to modern child-rearing practices. Therefore pediatric nurses need to pay attention to traditional child-rearing practices for the best health, growth and development of children.
Adult ; Child ; Family Characteristics* ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mothers* ; Taboo ; Weaning ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Ichthyosis, Lamellar*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Endometrioid*