No abstract available.
Prospective Studies* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule*

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to compare postmortem fetal MRI findings with autopsy findings and to assess whether postmortem MRI can replace autopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 13 stillborn fetuses, seven that died immediately after birth, and five terminated because of anomalies seen on prenatal sonograms. A total 17 were male, and eight were female, and their gestational ages were from 20 to 41 (average; 28.2) weeks. Spin-echo T1-and T2-weight-ed axial, sagittal, and coronal MR images were obtained, and autopsy findings were divided into major and mi-nor. A major finding was defined as an anomaly or syndrome which caused fetal death or termination of the pregnancy; minor findings were classified, on the basis of gross inspection, as internal or external. MR images were retrospectively analyzed by two radiologists unaware of the autopsy findings, and by comparison with these, the postmortem MRI detection rates for major and minor findings was then determined. RESULTS: In seven of 25 fetuses, MR imaging revealed major findings, a detection rate of 100%. There were two cases of anencephaly, two of trisomy-18, and one each of hydrops fetalis with large cystic hygroma, diaphrag-matic hernia, and Dandy-Walker malformation. Twenty-three of 60 minor findings (38.3%) were detected by MRI. The detection rates for external and internal findings were 29.6%(8/27) and 45.5%(15/33), respectively. CONCLUSION: Although a limitation of our study is the low detection rate for minor findings, postmortem fetal MRI may help diagnose the major cause of fetal death.
Anencephaly ; Autopsy* ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome ; Female ; Fetal Death ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Hernia ; Humans ; Hydrops Fetalis ; Lymphangioma, Cystic ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies

A clinico-pathologic study with an immunohistochemical examination for c-erbB-2 expression in 54 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ and 16 cases of Paget's disease of the breast was performed. c-erbB-2 oncoprotein overexpression was observed in 45% (24/54) and 88% (14/16) of ductal carcinoma in situ and Paget's disease, respectively. The overexpression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was significantly correlated with the nuclear grade of tumors and inversely with the status of the estrogen receptor. c-erbB-2 was positive in 4 out of 5 patients with metastasis to axillary lymph nodes and 3 out of 4 patients who died of the disease. Prognostic significance of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in ductal carcinoma in situ was highly suggested. The expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in Paget's disease was well correlated with coexisting infiltrating or in situ ductal carcinoma. The high positive rate of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in ductal carcinoma with Paget's disease could be understood with a recent hypothesis that c-erbB-2 oncoprotein is involved in promotion of cell motility and the spread of carcinoma cells.
Neoplasm Metastasis

We present a 37-year-old male who was found to had mas within the bronchus. This patients was admitted for the evaluation of cough. Chest CT scan showed endobronchial mass in the bifurcation of LUL and LLL bronchus. The left lower lobe was atelectatic. Lobectomy of the left lower lobe was done. On opening of the bronchus, there was a 2x1x1 cm sized endobronchial mass. Histologically, the mass was smooth muscle tumor composed of densely packed eosinophilic spindle cells in interlacing bundles with pale elongated nuclei covered by bronchial epithelium. On immunohistochemical staining, the tumor cells were positive for desmin. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells exhibited numberous cytoplasmic microfilaments with focal densities, pinocytotic vesicles, and a thick basal lamina.
Male ; Humans

Thrombomodulin (TM) is thrombin receptor present on the luminal surface of endothelial cells. Because the thrombin-TM complex acts as an anticoagulant, the functional variants or deficiency of TM may lead to increment of thrombotic tendency. In this study, we screened the genetic variants of the TM gene in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and analyzed the genotype to elucidate the effects of genetic variations of TM gene on the development of the MI. We screened a promoter region and coding sequence of the TM gene using single strand conformation polymorphism-heteroduplex analysis and identified three common genetic variants: those were TM G-33A, TM Ala455Val, and TM C1922T. The genotype frequencies were investigated in the patients with MI (n=234) and control subjects (n=291) by the method of allele-specific oligomer hybridization. The frequencies of mutant genotypes (TM -33A, TM 455Val, and TM 1922T) were higher in patient group compared to the control subjects in males while there were no significant differences in females. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, TM 455Val and TM 1922T alleles were independent risk factors for MI (OR[95% CI: 1.799[1.125-2.878] p=0.014 and 5.624[1.019-31.025], p=0.048, respectively) in males. However, the genetic variations were not independent risk factors for MI in females. There were significant linkage disequilibriums among three genetic variants. These linkage disequilibriums explain the similar effects of three genetic variants on the development of MI. To investigate the effect of the TM G-33A mutation on TM promoter activity, the two TM promoter constructs (pTM-355 and pTM-125, bearing TM -33G or TM -33A) containing of firefly luciferase gene were transfected into HepG2, BAE, and CHO cells. The promoter activities were higher in the promoter constructs with TM -33G compared to the constructs with TM -33A in pTM-355. These results suggest the possibility of the positive predisposing effect of TM -33A allele on MI in males. The functional study for TM Ala455Val and TM C1922T should be followed to elucidate the genotype effects of these mutations on the development of MI. In this study, we identified three genetic variants of TM gene and showed the significant associations between genetic variants and MI in males. These results proposed that TM gene is an attractive candidate for genetic risk factor for MI in Koreans.
Alleles ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Clinical Coding ; Cricetinae ; Endothelial Cells ; Female ; Fireflies ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Logistic Models ; Luciferases ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Phenobarbital ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptors, Thrombin ; Risk Factors* ; Thrombomodulin

Pheochromocytoma is originated from chromaffin cell of sympathetic nervous system and associated with other disease, such as neurofibromatosis, duodenal carcinoid, medullary thyroid cancer and parathyroid adenoma. Especially, pheochromocytoma is developed more than 50% in neurofibromatosis associated with hypertension. In such cases, several clinical features documented as more frequent bilateral phochromocytoma, more associated with other neuroendocrine tumors and thus more poor prognosis. We can observe the sustained hypertension despite of surgical resection of tumors in pheochromocytoma cases. One of the possible reason of post operative sustained hypertension is the pheochromocytoma originated from minor organ of Zukerkandl that was not resected during operation. Untreated or delayed treated cases with pheochromocytoma were often expired by complication of hypertension such as cerebrovascular hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, etc. Thus, in neurofibromatosis with hypertension, screening of pheochromocytorna is very important for the early detection of tumor and more favorable prognosis. Recently, We experienced a case of neurofibromatosis associated with bilateral pheochromocy-toma expired by cerebral hemorrhage during operation, so we report the case with literature review.
Carcinoid Tumor ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Chromaffin Cells ; Hemorrhage ; Hypertension ; Mass Screening ; Myocardial Infarction ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Parathyroid Neoplasms ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Prognosis ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; Thyroid Neoplasms

This study analyzed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and influencing factors among adult workers aged 19 to 64. Methods: Data from the ninth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2022 were utilized. The sample comprised 685 individuals who had measurements of fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and waist circumference, which are necessary to diagnose metabolic syndrome. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0, and complex sample logistic regression was conducted to identify factors influencing metabolic syndrome. Results: Among the participants, 34.3% were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Significant differences were observed in sex, age, region, marital status, regular worker, and physical activity between participants with and without metabolic syndrome (p < .05). Factors influencing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome included sex, age (with the 19~29 age group showing a significantly lower risk), physical activity, smoking, and perceived stress levels (p < .05). Conclusion: To prevent metabolic syndrome in adult workers, it is essential to promote physical activity, discourage smoking, and encourage effective stress management.

This study analyzed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and influencing factors among adult workers aged 19 to 64. Methods: Data from the ninth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2022 were utilized. The sample comprised 685 individuals who had measurements of fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and waist circumference, which are necessary to diagnose metabolic syndrome. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0, and complex sample logistic regression was conducted to identify factors influencing metabolic syndrome. Results: Among the participants, 34.3% were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Significant differences were observed in sex, age, region, marital status, regular worker, and physical activity between participants with and without metabolic syndrome (p < .05). Factors influencing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome included sex, age (with the 19~29 age group showing a significantly lower risk), physical activity, smoking, and perceived stress levels (p < .05). Conclusion: To prevent metabolic syndrome in adult workers, it is essential to promote physical activity, discourage smoking, and encourage effective stress management.

This study analyzed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and influencing factors among adult workers aged 19 to 64. Methods: Data from the ninth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2022 were utilized. The sample comprised 685 individuals who had measurements of fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and waist circumference, which are necessary to diagnose metabolic syndrome. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0, and complex sample logistic regression was conducted to identify factors influencing metabolic syndrome. Results: Among the participants, 34.3% were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Significant differences were observed in sex, age, region, marital status, regular worker, and physical activity between participants with and without metabolic syndrome (p < .05). Factors influencing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome included sex, age (with the 19~29 age group showing a significantly lower risk), physical activity, smoking, and perceived stress levels (p < .05). Conclusion: To prevent metabolic syndrome in adult workers, it is essential to promote physical activity, discourage smoking, and encourage effective stress management.

This study analyzed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and influencing factors among adult workers aged 19 to 64. Methods: Data from the ninth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2022 were utilized. The sample comprised 685 individuals who had measurements of fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and waist circumference, which are necessary to diagnose metabolic syndrome. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0, and complex sample logistic regression was conducted to identify factors influencing metabolic syndrome. Results: Among the participants, 34.3% were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Significant differences were observed in sex, age, region, marital status, regular worker, and physical activity between participants with and without metabolic syndrome (p < .05). Factors influencing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome included sex, age (with the 19~29 age group showing a significantly lower risk), physical activity, smoking, and perceived stress levels (p < .05). Conclusion: To prevent metabolic syndrome in adult workers, it is essential to promote physical activity, discourage smoking, and encourage effective stress management.