No abstract available.
Genotype ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Leprosy

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Chronic*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular*

No abstract available.
Humans ; *Liver Transplantation/contraindications ; Patient Selection

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis worldwide. Up to 85% of individuals infected with HCV develop chronic infection, which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The primary goal in the treatment of HCV infection is to reduce the mortality by preventing liver-related deaths associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and decompensated cirrhosis. Pegylated interferons together with ribavirin are currently the standard of care for patients with chronic hepatitis. Here, I discuss the goals of treatment, indication and treatment of chronic hepatitis C.
Antiviral Agents/*therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon Alfa-2a/*therapeutic use ; Interferon Alfa-2b/*therapeutic use ; Polyethylene Glycols/*therapeutic use ; Ribavirin/*therapeutic use

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Computed tomography during arterial portography and computed tomography during hepatic arteriography (CTAP and CTHA), one of the most sensitive method in detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules , is reported to reduce unnecessary operation of HCC. However, it is not clear whet her CT AP and CT HA can reduce early post operative recurrence rate of HCC. We performed this study to find any differences in early postoperative recurrence rate of HCC according to the imaging modalities used for preoperativest aging. METHODS: Ninety-seven patients with HCC who had underg one curative hepat icres ection from Dec.1994 to Mar. 1998 were included (median age = 52 years (26-78), M:F = 85:12). They were classified into 3 groups according to the imaging methods used for preoper ative staging: CTAP & CTHA group (n=56), Lipiodol CT group (n=24), and three phase helical CT group (n=16). No significant inter-group difference was found in preoperative status of the patients or characteristics of HCC. One-year recurrence rates were compared by log-rank test. RESULTS: HCC recurred in 17 of 97 patients (18.7%) within 12 months. A significant difference in 1- year recurrence rate was observed between the groups: helical CT , may be a superior imaging modality for preoperative staging of HCC that can reduce early postoperative recurrence rate.
Aging ; Angiography ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Ethiodized Oil* ; Humans ; Portography ; Recurrence* ; Tomography, Spiral Computed*

For many years, the histogenesis of the granular cell tumor was controversial and this resulted in the tumor being given more than 20 synonyms. Abrikossoff, reporting on the fiist granular cell tomor, favored a muscle origin, but other authora have postulated a fibroblastic or a histiocytic origin. Recently, the concept of Schwann cell origin, supported by electron microscopic studies and immunohistochemistry of S-100 protein, has gained wider recognition. Approximately 90 cases of esophageal granular cell tumor have been reported in the literature, representing about 2% incidence of all reported granular cell tumor, In Korea, only four cases of granular cell tumors were reported in the literatures including the cases occuring in the cecum, colon, and anus until now. Recently we experienced 46-years old women with granular cell tumor of the esophagus, which might be the second case in Korean literature.
Anal Canal ; Cecum ; Colon ; Esophagus* ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Granular Cell Tumor* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; S100 Proteins

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of hypofractionated radiation therapy (RT) in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after failure of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or in cases of refractory HCC, and to investigate biliary complications after hypofractionated RT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled patients with unresectable, TACE-unresponsive, or refractory HCC treated with hypofractionated RT between July 2006 and December 2012. The perihilar region was defined as the 1-cm area surrounding the right, left, and the common hepatic duct, including the gallbladder and the cystic duct. Significant elevation of total bilirubin was defined as an increase of more than 3.0 mg/dL, and more than two times that of the previous level after completion of RT. RESULTS: Fifty patients received hypofractionated RT and 27 (54%) had a tumor located within the perihilar region. The median follow-up period was 24.7 months (range, 4.3 to 95.5 months). None of the patients developed classic radiation disease symptoms, but four patients (8%) showed significant elevation of total bilirubin within 1 year after RT. During follow-up, 12 patients (24%) developed radiologic biliary abnormalities, but only two patients had toxicities requiring intervention. Estimated local progression-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival of the patients at 3-year post-hypofractionated RT were 89.7%, 11.2%, and 57.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Biliary complications associated with a higher dose exposure of hypofractionated RT were minimal, even in the perihilar region. Hypofractionated RT provided excellent local control and may be a valuable option for treatment of unresectable cases of TACE-unresponsive or refractory HCC.
Bilirubin ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Cystic Duct ; Disease-Free Survival ; Dose Fractionation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gallbladder ; Hepatic Duct, Common ; Humans ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Melanoma ; Nevus ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Warts

Malakoplakia is an uncommon granulomatous disease most frequently found in the bladder or ureter. Howevcr, it has been reyorted in almost every ather organ and structure, the colon is the most common site of malakoplakia outside the urogenital tract and colonic carcinoma is the most commonly associated disease. A case of malakoplakia of the colon in a 54-year-old female is reported. Sigmoidoscopy revealed multiple whiteyellowish nodules simulating polypoid lesion at 10cm from the anal verge. The biopsy showed characteristically comprised submucosal proliferations of histiocyte and chronic inflammatory cells with typical cytoplasmic inclusions known as Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. Intravenous pyelogram showed no evidence of involvement of the urinary system. These nodules were removed by endoscopic polypectomy, So far, this is the first case of isolated colonic malakoplakia in Korea.
Biopsy ; Colon ; Female ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies ; Korea ; Malacoplakia* ; Middle Aged ; Rectum ; Sigmoidoscopy ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder