No abstract available.
Barium* ; Intussusception*

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the association between Ser311/Cys311 polymorphism in the dopamine D2 receptor gene and bipolar disorder in korean population. METHOD: Ser311/Cys311 polymorphism in the dopamine D2 receptor gene was typed with PCR in 86 bipolar disorders and 100 normal controls. RESULTS: Genotype of Ser/Ser, Ser/Cys, Cys/Cys were 82 (95.3%), 4 (4.7%), 0 (0.0%) respectively in the bipolar disorders, 96 (96.0%), 4 (4.0%), 0 (0.0%) respectively in the controls. Allele frequencies of Ser and Cys were 168 (97.7%), 4 (2.3%) in the bipolar disorders, 196 (98.0%), 4 (2.0%) in the controls. There were no differencies in genotype distribution and allele frequencies of dopamine D2 receptor gene polymorphism Ser311/Cys311 between in the bipolar disorders and in the controls. CONCLUSION: These result suggests dopamine D2 receptor gene polymorphism Ser311/Cys311 is not causally related to the development of bipolar disorder in korean population.
Bipolar Disorder* ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Dopamine D2

No abstract available.
Mucocele* ; Sphenoid Sinus*

PURPOSE: To establish the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the Coonrad classification for an idiopathic coronal curve pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiographs of 257 idiopathic scoliosis patients that had a rib humping of more than 1 cm and a Cobb angle of more than 10 were reviewed. The interobserver and intraobserver reliability was assessed by a comparison of the classification of the curves between four observers. RESULTS: In the Coonrad classification, a 1A type-curve occurred in 37 cases, the 1B type-curve occurred in 27 cases, the 2A type-curve occurred in 70 cases, a 2B type-curve occurred in 22 cases, a 3 type-curve occurred in 44 cases, a 4 type-curve occurred in 6 cases, a 5 type-curve occurred in 15 cases, a 6 type-curve occurred in 22 cases, a 7 type-curve occurred in 13 cases and a 8 type curve occurre in 1 case. The interobserver reliability for the Coonrad classification was 0.60 and the intraobserver reliability was 0.71. CONCLUSION: The Coonrad classification proved to be relatively reliable, but revealed some confusion, particularly between type 2A and type 3. Also, there seemed to be no advantage in using this method of determining the treatment modality compared with the conventional scoliosis classification system.
Adolescent* ; Classification* ; Humans ; Ribs ; Scoliosis*

PURPOSE: Cardiac disease has been known as the most common cause of early and late postoperative mortality following elective arterial surgery. We attempted to investigate the prevalence of concomitant cardiac disease and predictor of postoperative cardiac events in the patients undergoing elective arterial surgery. METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed 300 patients who underwent elective arterial operations at the Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital. For preoperative cardiac screening, history taking and physical examination were done with ECG and CK-MB enzyme (OPUS CK-MB, Behring Diagnostic) measurement. Transthoracic echocardiography (145), myocardial perfusion scanning (81, adenosine Tc-99m MIBI or thallium-201 SPECT), and coronary angiography (5) were performed in selective basis. IHD was defined by perfusion defect on myocardial scan and clinical criteria consisting of chest pain, ECG abnormality and serum CK-MB>5%. Possible risk factors including age(> or= 70 years), previous cardiac symptom, aortic clamping, abnormal cardiac function tests, and comorbidities were analyzed to determine the predictor of cardiac events after arterial surgery. RESULT: IHD was associated with in 20.2% of the patients with chronic arterial occlusive disease and 12.8% of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. IHD were more commonly associated with diabetes (30.3% vs 15.8%, p=0.014) and hypertension (28.2% vs 11.8%, p=0.0003). After 340 arterial operations for 300 patients, 11 (3.7%) cardiac events (1 congestive heart failure, 10 myocardial infarction or anginal attack and 1 cardiac deaths) were followed. By univariate statistical analysis, postoperative cardiac events occurred more frequently in the patients with prior history of cardiac symptom (9.5% vs 2.7%, p=0.052) and higher CK-MB titer (11.8% vs 3.0%, p=0.038). CONCLUSION: In determining the indications for more detailed preoperative cardiac evaluation, presence of diabetes or hypertension should be considered. To reduce the risk of postoperative cardiac events after elective arterial surgery, more intensive cardiac monitoring is required for the patients with previous cardiac symptoms and/or elevated serum CK-MB.
Adenosine ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; Chest Pain ; Comorbidity ; Constriction ; Coronary Angiography ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart Failure ; Heart Function Tests ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Mass Screening ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia* ; Perfusion ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Alveolar Bone Loss ; Animals ; Dental Implants ; Dogs ; Electrodes ; Femur ; Implants, Experimental ; Osseointegration ; Plasma ; Porosity ; Titanium ; Vacuum

Spasticity is common stroke in patients, and its management has been considered as one of the major problems in stroke rehabilitation. The goal of this study was to determine if transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) and acupuncture would reduce the muscle spasticity. To estimate the efficacy of electrical stimulation for the treatment of spasticity TENS(100 Hz, asymmetric bipolar pulse current) was applied to the skin over the extensor muscles of spastic limbs for 20 minutes, once a day in six stroke patients. In addition, acupuncture was also applied to the acupoints of extensor muscles of all extremities and face for 20 minutes twice a day to determine the efficacy of acupuncture for the treatment of spasticity in six stroke patients. As controls subjects, six stroke patients were examined without TENS or acupuncture treatment. In experimental groups, the efficacy of treatment was measured 1, 5, 10, 15 days and 20 days after treatment with either TENS or acupuncture using the spasticity measurement methods (modified Ashworth scale, ankle clonus score, and H/M ratio). Based on the results from the present study, we have concluded that the H/M ratios of affected spastic limbs were significantly higher than those of unaffected limbs (p<0.05). TENS and acupuncture therapies lessened the spasticity of affected limbs of stroke patients when measured with the modified Ashworth scale however not with the H/M ratios nor with the ankle clonus scores.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture* ; Ankle ; Electric Stimulation ; Extremities ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity ; Muscles ; Rehabilitation ; Skin ; Stroke* ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of electromyography (EMG)-biofeedback treatment in children with spastic-diplegic cerebral palsy. METHOD: Twenty patients with spastic diplegia, who could recognize the auditory and visual stimulation, were recruited. Ten patients underwent EMG-biofeedback treatment with neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) for 12 weeks, 3 times a week, total 1 hour a day, but age-, sex- and functional-matched ten controls underwent only NDT. Before and after the treatment, active range of motion, spasticity, muscle strength and Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) and Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) were measured. RESULTS: In experimental group, there was a significant increase in active range of motion of hip and ankle joints (p<0.05). Spasticity of ankle joint was decreased, but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Muscle strength of ankle dorsiflexor and hip extensor muscles was significantly improved (p<0.05). WeeFIM and GMFM scores significantly increased in an experimental group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: EMG-biofeedback treatment in children with spastic-diplegic cerebral palsy might be an effective adjuvant to NDT through the muscle reeducation.
Ankle ; Ankle Joint ; Biofeedback, Psychology* ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Child* ; Electromyography ; Hip ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity ; Muscle Strength ; Muscles ; Photic Stimulation ; Range of Motion, Articular

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between the severity of paralysis and hand sympathetic skin response (SSR) in patients with Bell's palsy and to evaluate the clinical utility of hand SSR as a predicting factor of prognosis. METHOD: Twenty patients with Bell's palsy and twenty normal controls were recruited. The severity of paralysis was graded according to House-Brackmann Facial Grading Scale (H-B FGS), and percent degeneration of Nasalis was determined by Facial Nerve Conduction Study (FNCS). RESULTS: The difference of hand SSR amplitude between affected and unaffected side was significant (p<0.05). There was significant correlation between H-B FGS and the difference of hand SSR amplitude (p<0.05). There was significant correlation between percent degeneration and the difference of hand SSR amplitude (p<0.05). There were significant correlations between the difference of hand SSR amplitude at 5 days and percent degeneration at 9 and 14 days (p=0.026, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The difference of hand SSR amplitude between affected and unaffected side was useful for the indication of the severity of paralysis. And, hand SSR would be useful for an early prognostic predictor in Bell's palsy.
Bell Palsy* ; Facial Nerve ; Hand* ; Humans ; Paralysis ; Prognosis ; Skin*