No abstract available.
Colonoscopy*

No abstract available.
Neck*

70 cases free fiap were performed from March 1978 to July 1985. The donor fiap were dorsalis pedis flap in 34 cases, groin flap in 8 cases, osteocutaeous flap in 3 cases, gracilis flap in 17 cases, and latissimus dorsi flap in 8 cases respectively. The success rate was 90% in total including partial success. The causes of failure were 2 cases infection necrosis, and 1 case kinking of drain vessel. The gracilis and latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap were very satisfactory method for the reconstruction of the upper extremity flexion power, especially in the case of Volkmann's ischemic contracture. The neurovascular dorsalis pedis flap was regarded as excellent method for the heel pad reconstruction, and tactile sensation reconstruction of the hand.
Free Tissue Flaps ; Groin ; Hand ; Heel ; Humans ; Ischemic Contracture ; Methods ; Microsurgery ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Necrosis ; Sensation ; Superficial Back Muscles ; Tissue Donors ; Upper Extremity

BACKGROUND: The bone mineral densities of men decrease with increasing age like women. The incidence of osteoporosis gradually increase according to increasing proportion of older people, but the studies on osteoporosis of men are now beginning. The association between the bone mineral density and behavioral factors among adult men in Korea were studied. METHODS: The study subjects who visited health promotion center of one hospital located in Seoul from April to May 2001, aged 28 to 76 years, were all mearsured bone mineral density at left calcaneus using quantitative ultrasonography (QUS). We interviewed all subjects to get the information about past medical history and behavioral risk factors such as smoking, drinking, intake of dairy food, and exercise patterns. We also checked height, weight, blood chemistry including alkaline phosphatase and Prostate Specific Antigen. We calculated the Pearson's partial correlation coefficient between Speed of Sound (SOS) and each variables after adjusting age and body weight, and compare the mean SOS among each categories of the variables using Analysis of Covariance (ANACOVA). Finally, multiple regression analysis was done, using the model including significant variables of baseline analysis. RESULTS: One hundred six men, who did not have any metabolic disease influencing bone mineral density, were included. Age and smoking amount were negatively correlated and body weight was positively correlated with SOS. In univariate analysis, exercise, past history of fracture and dairy food intake was significantly associated with bone mineral density of men. In multiple regression analysis, body weight and dairy food intake were positively associated, but age and smoking amounts were negatively associated with bone mineral density. CONCLUSION: To increase bone mineral density of men, one should maintain adequate body weight, ingest dairy food regulary and reduce smoking amount or quit smoking.
Adult* ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Body Weight ; Bone Density* ; Calcaneus ; Chemistry ; Drinking ; Eating ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases ; Osteoporosis ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Ultrasonography

This study was designed to investigate the clinical availability of topographic auditory event related potential P300 as a biological marker in patients with schizophrenia. The subjects were composed of normal controls(N=30) and patients(N=30) with schizophrenia by DSM-IV. Topographic auditory event related potential P300 and N100 were measured by "oddball paradigm", which was known as a standard method. Schizophrenics were evaluated twice, initial and follow-up, by 4 week interval. P300 latency and N100 latency were deter-mined by Global Field Power. At this time point the maximum amplitude and its location, according to X-Y coordinates, were determined in brain topography. Clinical symptoms were evaluated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS). P300 latencies of normal controls, initial group of schizophrenics, and follow-up group of schizophrenics were 315.8+/-24.2msec, 403.8+/-42.3msec, and 364.7+/-43.2msec, respectively. P300 amplitudes of normal controls, initial group of schizophrenics, and follow-up group of schizophrenics were 8.8+/-2.7microV, 4.4+/-1.9microV, and 4.4+/-2.5microV, respectively. They had significantly different P300 latencies one another by measuring ANCOVA, of which covariables were N100 latency, age, and CCP(correct counted percent)(p<0.01). X-Y coordinates was not significant. In P300, there were some different characters between normal controls and schizophrenics even though excluding N100, which was supposed to be exogeneous component by external stimuli. When clinical symptoms were improved, P300 latency was decreased. However, P300 amplitude was not changed. These results suggest that P300 woald be available clinically as a biological marker, P300 latency be a state marker, and P300 amplitude be a trait marker in schizophrenia.
Biomarkers* ; Brain ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Schizophrenia*

Animal experiment was carried out to measure the physiologic changes of thoracic or thoracolumbar spine that occurred as a result of electrical stimulation, and to evaluate the usefulness of electrical stimulation as a possible treatment for scoliosis. Unilateral electrical stimulations were applied to the back muscle of immature rabbits.They were subgrouped into medial, intermediate, and lateral muscle stimulated groups in order to observe the effects of various electrode placements. The radiograms were taken every other week to observe the changes of the spinal curvatures for the period of 12 weeks. The histological studies of the muscles, which were obtained from the stimulated(right) and the nonstimulated(left) sides at the same level, also were carried out to determine the response of the muscles to the electrical stimulation. The results were as follows. l. A significant scoliotic curvature was observed two weeks after electrical stimulation, and those curvatures did not change more for the next six weeks in spite of prolonged stimulation. 2. Scoliotic curvature induced by electrical stimulation for eight weeks remained unchanged for another four weeks after stopping stimulation. 3. There were no statistical differences in the induced scoliotic curvature among the three groups stimulated at different sites of the medial, intermediate, and lateral regions respectively. 4. A prolonged unilateral electrical stimulation could induce the scoliosis, and may be used as a method for treatment of scoliosis.
Animal Experimentation ; Back Muscles ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrodes ; Methods ; Muscles ; Scoliosis ; Spinal Curvatures ; Spine

We measured the mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) length, height and widths of the anterior, posterior and inferior section of the resected distal femurs using three dimensional computer tomographic measurements in 200 knees from 100 cadavers. We also calculated the aspect ratio (ML/AP) and compared the measured parameters with that of six conventionally used total knee femoral prostheses. We found that the average ML (70.2+/-5.5 mm) and AP (53.9+/-3.8 mm) dimensions from our study were lower than those reported from Western populations. The aspect ratio showed a progressive decline with an increasing antero-posterior dimension. All of the compared designs showed undersizing for the mediolateral dimension distally and for the widths of the resected medial and lateral posterior femoral condyles. But some of the compared designs showed oversizing for the height of the resected medial and lateral posterior femoral condyles. This study provides guidelines for designing a suitable femoral component for total knee prostheses that fit Asian populations.
Anthropometry ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cadaver ; Femur ; Humans ; Knee ; Knee Prosthesis ; Prostheses and Implants

Using computerized tomographic data and three dimensional model, we studied the influence of tibial intramedullary canal axis and other morphologic factors of the tibia on the entry point for tibial intramedullary alignment guides. Various anatomical parameters including tibial anteroposterior dimensions (AP), mediolateral dimensions (ML), aspect ratio (ML/AP), bowing and the intramedullary canal axis were studied. In addition, the entry point for the intramedullary alignment guide for primary and revision total knee arthroplasty were studied. The averaged entry point at the level of the tibial plateau was 5.7+/-2.2 mm anterior and 4.3+/-2.0 mm lateral to the classical entry point (P<.001). Furthermore, this entry point was more anterolateral in females when compared to males (P<.001). At a depth 10 mm below the tibial plateau, the entry point was on average 8.8+/-1.9 mm anterior and 2.9+/-1.9 mm lateral to the center of the cut surface. With increasing tibial varus the entry point tended to shift laterally at both levels (r=0.49) (P<.001). In Korean, the entry point for tibial intramedullary alignment systems is anterolateral to the classically described entry point. Moreover, the increment of tibial varus necessitates more lateral placement of the entry point. Intraoperatively, the entry point can be localized during primary knee arthroplasty to a point 15.9+/-2.8 mm anterior to and 1.2+/-2.8 mm lateral to the lateral tibial spine. For revision knee arthroplasty the point is on average 8.8+/-1.9 mm anterior and 2.9+/-1.9 mm lateral to the center of the cut surface of the tibia at a depth of 10 mm from the articular surface.
Arthroplasty ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Female ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Spine ; Tibia

BACKGROUND: Small vessel dementia (SVD) is the most frequent cause of vascular dementia and is regarded a distinct clinical entity. However, the data on the natural course of SVD and drug trials specifically aiming SVD have been sparse. The aim of this study was to answer the following three questions: 1) How does SVD progress? 2) Does cholinesterase inhibitor therapy improves cognitive symptoms and daily activity of life (ADL) in SVD? 3) Is there any clinical difference among the subtypes of SVD? METHODS: According to cholinesterase inhibitor medications, patients with SVD were retrospectively analyzed using Hyoja Dementia registry. In this study, effects of treatment were assessed by comparing the scores of Korea version Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR), Functional Independence Measure (FIM) at the base line with those at endpoints. RESULTS: After 12 months, the mean MMSE, CDR, FIM scores improved significantly in the cholinesterase inhibitor treatment group, compared with that in no-treatment group. In no-treatment group, annual decline of MMSE was 2.7, compared with 0.3 increment in the treatment group. White matter type of SVD showed worst prognosis compared with other types. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that SVD has more benign clinical course than previously reported, and cholinesterase inhibitor improves cognitive and ADL functions in SVD. Among the subtypes of SVD, the white matter type may have poor prognosis.
Activities of Daily Living ; Cholinesterases ; Dementia ; Dementia, Vascular ; Deoxycytidine ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Korea ; Neurobehavioral Manifestations ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Body fluid status of patients in an emergency room environment is a very important parameter during clinical evaluation. In this study, we wanted to know the relationship between the diameter of the inferior vena cava and the diameter of the (IVC/Ao index) and central venous pressure (CVP) in hemodynamically unstable patients. METHODS: This study was done prospectively in an emergency medical center of a hospital from January to August, 2009. We compared the diameter of the IVC, the diameter of inferior vena cava/the body surface area index (IVC/BSA index), the IVC/Ao index, and other variables. Before and after hydration of patients with a systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg and who had a central venous catheter in place. Then, we calculated the correlation coefficient for DeltaCVP, DeltaIVC/Ao index, and other indexes. RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients were enrolled in the study. The mean IVC diameter before hydration was 14.3+/-2.7 mm; it was 15.6+/-2.7 mm after hydration (p<0.01). The IVC/BSA index before hydration was 8.75+/-1.72 and 9.55+/-1.79 after hydration (p<0.01). The IVC/Ao index before hydration was 1.08+/-0.23; it was 1.16+/-0.25 after hydration (p<0.01). The correlation coefficient for DeltaCVP and DeltaIVC was 0.37 (p<0.01); for DeltaCVP vs. the DeltaIVC/BSA index it was 0.37 (p<0.01); for the DeltaIVC/Ao index it was 0.27 (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: CVP has a higher correlation to IVC diameter and to IVC/BSA index than to the IVC/Ao index. Hence, we should estimate the IVC/Ao index and use that estimate along with other indexes to evaluate body fluid status when dealing with hemodynamically unstable patients.
Blood Pressure ; Body Fluids ; Body Surface Area ; Central Venous Catheters ; Central Venous Pressure ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Prospective Studies ; Vena Cava, Inferior