No abstract available.
Thrombocytosis*

We experienced a rare case of sacral meningeal cyst so called sacral perineurial cyst(Tarlov cyst). A 15 years old girl was admitted to the hospital because of sudden severe low back pain and Lt. sciatica for about one week. We performed delayed myelography and spinal computeized tomographic myelography(C.T.M) for differential diagnosis. Delayed filling of contrast media in the cyst was significant in diagnosis of sacral meningeal cyst type II. Laminectomy of sacrum(S1) was performed for partial excision of cystic wall and plastic suture. Operative finding was typical sacral perineurial cyst(Tarlov cyst) which was recently clssified as sacral meningeal cyst type II. The classification of spinal meningeal cysts in the literature was indistinct and confused. We also agree with Nabors et. al, in current classificcation of spinal meningeal cysts, in which the spinal meningeal cysts, in which the spinal meningeal cysts were divided into 3 groups as extradural spinal Mcs Type I(Diverticulum), Type II(perineurial cyst), intradural spinal Mcs(arachnoid cyst).
Adolescent ; Classification ; Contrast Media ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Low Back Pain ; Myelography ; Plastics ; Sciatica ; Sutures

A case of left temporal gliosarcoma is reported. The patient was a 40-year old man who had headache, behavior change, dysphasia, and mental confusion for about 2 months duration. On brain CT, a large partially cystic mass with homogeneous enhancement was located at left temporal lobe and associated with remarkable peritumoral edema and mass effect. Angiographic tumor vascularity was faintly visualized. Surgical subtotal resection of the tumor and post-operative radiotherapy offered transient symptomatic improvement, being followed within several months by clinical deterioration and regrowth of the tumor on brain CT. Light microscopic studies of the H & E and special stained specimens showed two different components within the tumor in a mixed fashion, i.e. intermingled glioblastoma multiforme and fibrosarcoma. Electron microscopic study of the sarcomatous cells disclosed intracytoplasmic Weibel-Palade-like bodies, a specific marker of endothelial cells. The fibrosarcomatous component of gliosarcoma is believed to be originated from malignant transformation of the hyperplastic endothelial cells within the anaplastic glioma. Literature concerned with gliosarcoma is reviewed.
Adult ; Aphasia ; Brain ; Edema ; Endothelial Cells ; Fibrosarcoma ; Glioblastoma ; Glioma ; Gliosarcoma* ; Headache ; Humans ; Radiotherapy ; Temporal Lobe

The safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of an oral cholera vaccine (OCV) was assessed in adult Korean male through an open-label, non-comparative clinical study. Two doses of vaccine with an interval of 2 weeks were given to 20 healthy subjects. A total of 7 adverse events occurred in 6 subjects. However, no clinically significant change was observed in electrocardiograms, vital signs, physical examinations, and clinical laboratory tests. The immunogenicity of OCV was evaluated by serum vibriocidal assay where anti-Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 antibodies were measured at day 0, 14, and 28 of vaccine administration. The antibody titers ranged from < 2.5-5,120 for V. cholerae O1 Inaba, < 2.5-10,240 for V. cholerae O1 Ogawa and < 2.5-480 for V. cholerae O139. In addition, the fold increase in antibody titers ranged from 1-4,096 for O1 Inaba, 1-8,192 for O1 Ogawa, and 1-384 for O139. The seroconversion rate was 95% and 45% for O1 and O139 antibodies, respectively. Our study clearly shows that administration of two doses of OCV at a 2 week-interval increases an appropriate level of antibody titer in the serum of healthy Korean adult males (Clinical Trial Number, NCT01707537).
Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Antibodies, Bacterial/*blood/immunology ; Antibody Formation ; Cholera/*prevention & control ; Cholera Vaccines/adverse effects/*immunology ; Creatine Kinase/blood ; Humans ; Male ; Republic of Korea ; Toothache/etiology ; Vibrio cholerae O1/immunology

In clinical practice a serious sciatic nerve injury may result from an errornous injection of commonly used antibiotics and other therapeutic or prophylactic agents into the gluteal region which can occur at any age, especially common in infants, children and small debilitated patients. Although many isolated cases and several large series of injuries have been reported, the pathogenesis, pathology and its physiology of injection injury of the peripheral nerves in man have been poorly studied. This experimental study was conducted in order to observe the changes and degree of the functional disability of the sciatic nerve following injection of various drugs such as Rheumapyrine, Chloromycetin, Penicillin and physiological normal saline solution. Fourty-three normal adult rabbits were divided into four groups depending on injected materials and also divided into two groups of acute and chronic stages. The drugs were injected into the right sciatic nerve intraneurally and around the left sciatic nerve perineurally. For the functional study in the nerve, contractability of the calf muscle was recorded on a physiograph at intervals of 1, 3, 5, 15 and 30 minutes after the injection of the drugs. Rheobase, chronaxie and strength-duration curve of both extensor and flexor muscles of fet were recorded and measured on a chronaxie meter at intervals of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after the injection. The physiogram showed the greatest reduction in contractability of the muscles in Rheumapyrine, moderate reduction in Penicillin and the least reduction in Chloromycetin group. In the measurements of rheobase and chronaxie there were marked increase of values in group of Rheumapyrine injection. There was no significant differences in values among the group of Penicillin, Chloromycetin and saline injections in comparison with those in the control group. In the analysis of strength-duration curve, it showed a pattern of complete denervation in 3 cases and a pattern of partial denervation in 3 out of 8 cases with Rheumapyrine injection, and a pattern of partial denervation in 3 out of 6 cases with Penicillin and 2 out of 8 cases with Chloromycetin injection. There was no significant differences in values of rheobase, chronaxie and strength-duration curve as time elapsed following the injury. It was postulated the functional and physiological disabilities were developed after the injection when there was a severe degree of nerve damages on the basis of histopathological study.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Buttocks ; Child ; Chloramphenicol ; Chronaxy ; Denervation ; Humans ; Infant ; Muscles ; Pathology ; Penicillins ; Peripheral Nerves ; Physiology ; Rabbits ; Sciatic Nerve* ; Sodium Chloride

A 30 years old female patient was diagnosed valvular heart disease and double valve replacement was ndertaken. After operation, mediastinitis developed and we had done continuous mediastinal irrigation and had used IV antibiotics for 3 weeks. During outpatient follow-up, infection signs developed, so she readmitted and was reoperated because CT revealed mediastinal abscess. No infected material was observed at the operation. Infection signs continued for 3 weeks. Chest CT revealed giant pseudoaneurysm of ascending aorta. We resected the pseudoaneurysm and performed an aortoplasty with bovine pericardium under deep hypothermia and total circulatroy arrest. She recovered well and was discharged without any complication.
Abscess ; Adult ; Aneurysm, False ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aorta* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Mediastinitis* ; Outpatients ; Pericardium ; Thoracic Surgery* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

We found errors in our published article.

We found errors in our published article.

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency is caused by mutations in genes encoding enzymes involved in the synthesis and regeneration of BH4. The condition is usually accompanied by hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) and deficiency of neurotransmitter precursors L-dopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan. BH4 deficiency is much rarer than classical phenylketonuria. Dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) deficiency, an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, is a cause of malignant hyperphenylalaninemia due to BH4 deficiency. When left untreated, DHPR deficiency leads to neurologic deterioration at the age of 4 or 5 months, including psychomotor retardation, tonicity disorders, drowsiness, irritability, abnormal movements, hyperthermia, hypersalivation, and difficulty swallowing. Treatment of DHPR deficiency should be initiated as early as possible with BH4 supplementation and replacement of the neurotransmitter precursors L-dopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan. We report the first case of DHPR deficiency in Korea, a child diagnosed at 9 years of age by genetic testing.
5-Hydroxytryptophan ; Biopterin ; Child ; Deglutition ; Dihydropteridine Reductase ; Dyskinesias ; Fever ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Korea ; Levodopa ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Phenylketonurias ; Regeneration ; Sialorrhea ; Sleep Stages

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Methylation of CpG islands is associated with delayed replication, condensed chromatin and inhibition of transcription initiation in many human cancers. Another concern with regards to CpG methlation is unilateral chromosomal losses in head and neck cancer. In this study, we investigated the extent of chromosomal losses and the status of CpG methylation in head and neck cancer in relation with clinicopathologic factors. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Both normal mucosa and tumor tissue samples were secured from 17 cases to a total of 34 samples to be examined with a methylation- specific PCR on 15 cancer-linked genes. A total of 29 cases were analyzed for PCR-based loss of heterozygosity (LOH) using a panel of 41 microsatellite markers on 8 chromosomes. RESULTS: The pattern of methylation changes between the paired normal mucosa and tumor site was variable. Of the total of 206 cases examined for the methylation status of non-CpG island, 34 cases showed hypomethylation changes, 26 cases hypermethylation changes, and 31 cases no methylation changes. Regions containting CpG islands had 8 cases showing hypomethylation changes, 17 cases hypermethylation changes, and 31 cases of no methylation changes. The relationship between methylation and lymph node invasion revealed that, in the event of lymph node invasion, p16 downstream 0.7 kbp, p16 upstream 1.0 kbp, and hMLH1 upstream 1.0 kbp showed hypomethylation, whereas BGLAP upstream 4.5 kbp, Runx3 upstream 1.7 kbp, KIAA downstream 0.4 kbp showed hypermethylation. However, the rest of the genes were not changed. In 29 tumor foci, a LOH was found most frequently on the chromosomes 3p, 8p, 9p, and 13q. Interestingly, although other previous reports have not reported the detection of 8p chromosomal loss in head and neck cancer, this study frequently detected 8p chromosomal loss. Chromosomal loss yielded an overall mean value of 4.79+/-2.2 per tumor focus. A special relationship could not be drawn based on the relationship between the methylation and LOH. But in several genes such as p16 and hMLH1, there were differences between the hypomethylation. Genetic instability was raised when hypomethylation increased. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the head and neck cancer and its progression generally need the proper level of chromosomal losses to accomplish cancer progression or development. Methylation pattern and LOH might be important rules and target event in head and neck cancer. In the future, experiments to find the point of genetic modification will help the way to prevent the cancer.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Chromatin ; CpG Islands ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Head* ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Lymph Nodes ; Methylation* ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Mucous Membrane ; Neck* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction