No abstract available.
Thrombocytosis*

This study was designed to evaluate the potential applicability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of acute renal vein thrombosis. Renal vein thrombosis was experimentally induced by surgical ligation of the left renal vein in a total of 21 rabbits. MRI was performed with a 0.5 Tesla superconductive magnetic system. Spin echo technique was used with varying TR and TE parameters. Spin echo images of the rabbit kidney were analysed for morphology and signal intensity. T1 and T2 relaxation times of the renal cortex and medulla were calculated from the images. After venous ligation, kidneys became enlarged. Low signal band along the outer medulla in T2 weighted images were characteristically shown from 1 hour to 3 days after ligation, Changes of cortex to medullar contrast (CMC) values were significant (p<0.05) in T1 - and T2- weighted images of the ligated side. T1 and T2 relaxation times were significantly prolonged (p<0.05) on the ligated side, both in the cortex and medulla from 1 hour to 2 weeks after the ligation, while T2 relaxation time on the contralateral side was significantly prolonged both in the cortex and medulla 2 weeks after venous ligation. The most useful MRI criteria for the diagnosis of renal vein thrombosis were enlarged renal size, and the low signal band along the outer medulla of ligated kidney. The relative intensity difference between cortex and medulla (CMC) in T1-and T2-weighted images, and T1 and T2 relaxation times were suggested to be the useful MR parameters for the diagnosis of acute renal vein thrombosis.
Diagnosis ; Kidney* ; Ligation* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Rabbits ; Relaxation ; Renal Veins* ; Thrombosis

This study was designed to evaluate the potential applicability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of acute renal vein thrombosis. Renal vein thrombosis was experimentally induced by surgical ligation of the left renal vein in a total of 21 rabbits. MRI was performed with a 0.5 Tesla superconductive magnetic system. Spin echo technique was used with varying TR and TE parameters. Spin echo images of the rabbit kidney were analysed for morphology and signal intensity. T1 and T2 relaxation times of the renal cortex and medulla were calculated from the images. After venous ligation, kidneys became enlarged. Low signal band along the outer medulla in T2 weighted images were characteristically shown from 1 hour to 3 days after ligation, Changes of cortex to medullar contrast (CMC) values were significant (p<0.05) in T1 - and T2- weighted images of the ligated side. T1 and T2 relaxation times were significantly prolonged (p<0.05) on the ligated side, both in the cortex and medulla from 1 hour to 2 weeks after the ligation, while T2 relaxation time on the contralateral side was significantly prolonged both in the cortex and medulla 2 weeks after venous ligation. The most useful MRI criteria for the diagnosis of renal vein thrombosis were enlarged renal size, and the low signal band along the outer medulla of ligated kidney. The relative intensity difference between cortex and medulla (CMC) in T1-and T2-weighted images, and T1 and T2 relaxation times were suggested to be the useful MR parameters for the diagnosis of acute renal vein thrombosis.
Diagnosis ; Kidney* ; Ligation* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Rabbits ; Relaxation ; Renal Veins* ; Thrombosis

BACKGROUND: We conducted this study to verify whether a mechanical ventilator is adequate for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). METHODS: A self-inflating bag resuscitator and a mechanical ventilator were used to test two experimental models: Model 1 (CPR manikin without chest compression) and Model 2 (CPR manikin with chest compression). Model 2 was divided into three subgroups according to ventilator pressure limits (P(limit)). The self-inflating bag resuscitator was set with a ventilation rate of 10 breaths/min with the volume-marked bag-valve procedure. The mode of the mechanical ventilator was set as follows: volume-controlled mandatory ventilation of tidal volume (Vt) 600 mL, an inspiration time of 1.2 seconds, a constant flow pattern, a ventilation rate of 10 breaths/minute, a positive end expiratory pressure of 3 cmH2O and a maximum trigger limit. Peak airway pressure (P(peak)) and Vt were measured by a flow analyzer. Ventilation adequacy was determined at a Vt range of 400-600 mL with a P(peak) of < or = 50 cmH2O. RESULTS: In Model 1, Vt and P(peak) were in the appropriate range in the ventilation equipments. In Model 2, for the self-inflating bag resuscitator, the adequate Vt and P(peak) levels were 17%, and the P(peak) adequacy was 20% and the Vt was 65%. For the mechanical ventilator, the adequate Vt and P(peak) levels were 85%; the P(peak) adequacy was 85%; and the Vt adequacy was 100% at 60 cmH2O of P(limit). CONCLUSIONS: In a manikin model, a mechanical ventilator was superior to self-inflating bag resuscitator for maintaining adequate ventilation during chest compression.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Manikins* ; Models, Theoretical ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Thorax ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilation* ; Ventilators, Mechanical*

No abstract available.
Sympathectomy

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly impacted health, culture, and the economy. Although it has had little direct effect on children and adolescents, its indirect effect on them has been significant. In this study, we aim to evaluate the alcohol and tobacco consumption behaviors of adolescents and the economic determination of their families due to COVID-19. Methods: We collected data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which is an annual cross-sectional national representative survey published by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency in South Korea. We considered, in particular, the survey conducted in middle and high school students in 2020. Results: The number of subjects was 54,948 with 28,353 male students and 26,595 female students. The drinking rate was higher in male students and female students in the group with severe economic deterioration compared to the group without deterioration (odd ratio [OR], 1.355; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.175-1.563; OR, 1.199; 95% CI, 0.987-1.457). The smoking rate was higher in male students and female students in the group with severe economic deterioration (OR, 1.435; 95% CI, 1.180-1.745; OR, 1.809; 95% CI, 1.331-2.457). The secondhand smoking rate at home was higher in male students and female students in the group with severe economic deterioration (OR, 1.397; 95% CI, 1.239-1.574; OR, 1.440; 95% CI, 1.263-1.641). Conclusions The economic deterioration due to COVID-19 is a risk factor for alcohol drinking, smoking, and secondhand smoking among adolescents. Our study results suggest the need to pay more attention to youth health management in the event of sudden economic impacts.

No abstract available.
Humans ; Rhinitis* ; Skin Tests* ; Skin*

Since the late 1990s, online e-learning has offered unparalleled convenience and affordability, becoming increasingly popular among pathologists. Traditional learning theories have been successfully applied to web/mobile-based learning systems, with mobile technologies even enhancing conventional offline education. In cytopathology, hands-on microscope training has traditionally been paramount, complemented by real-case presentations and lectures. However, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted regular academic activities, making online e-learning platforms essential. We designed a web/mobile-based learning platform to enhance continued medical education in cytopathology at various levels, particularly during the era of COVID-19 and beyond. Since 2021, we have integrated curriculum materials, virtual education files, and whole-slide images (WSIs) of cytopathology, submitted from over 200 institutions across Korea, with the support of numerous instructors. We develop a new e-learning platform named “CytoAcademy” composed of a basic session for each organ and level across the range of morphologic findings; on-demand lectures to enhance cytopathologic knowledge; WSI archives that allow users to explore various histologically confirmed cases; and a self-assessment test to help organize diagnostic knowledge acquired through the web/mobile-friendly learning system. The platform provides not just an opportunity to achieve a correct diagnosis, but also a learning experience based on problem-solving point. Members interact, identify their deficiencies, and focus on specific educational materials. In this manner, all participants can actively engage in creating and maintaining knowledge and foster a proactive approach to learning.

Since the late 1990s, online e-learning has offered unparalleled convenience and affordability, becoming increasingly popular among pathologists. Traditional learning theories have been successfully applied to web/mobile-based learning systems, with mobile technologies even enhancing conventional offline education. In cytopathology, hands-on microscope training has traditionally been paramount, complemented by real-case presentations and lectures. However, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted regular academic activities, making online e-learning platforms essential. We designed a web/mobile-based learning platform to enhance continued medical education in cytopathology at various levels, particularly during the era of COVID-19 and beyond. Since 2021, we have integrated curriculum materials, virtual education files, and whole-slide images (WSIs) of cytopathology, submitted from over 200 institutions across Korea, with the support of numerous instructors. We develop a new e-learning platform named “CytoAcademy” composed of a basic session for each organ and level across the range of morphologic findings; on-demand lectures to enhance cytopathologic knowledge; WSI archives that allow users to explore various histologically confirmed cases; and a self-assessment test to help organize diagnostic knowledge acquired through the web/mobile-friendly learning system. The platform provides not just an opportunity to achieve a correct diagnosis, but also a learning experience based on problem-solving point. Members interact, identify their deficiencies, and focus on specific educational materials. In this manner, all participants can actively engage in creating and maintaining knowledge and foster a proactive approach to learning.

Since the late 1990s, online e-learning has offered unparalleled convenience and affordability, becoming increasingly popular among pathologists. Traditional learning theories have been successfully applied to web/mobile-based learning systems, with mobile technologies even enhancing conventional offline education. In cytopathology, hands-on microscope training has traditionally been paramount, complemented by real-case presentations and lectures. However, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted regular academic activities, making online e-learning platforms essential. We designed a web/mobile-based learning platform to enhance continued medical education in cytopathology at various levels, particularly during the era of COVID-19 and beyond. Since 2021, we have integrated curriculum materials, virtual education files, and whole-slide images (WSIs) of cytopathology, submitted from over 200 institutions across Korea, with the support of numerous instructors. We develop a new e-learning platform named “CytoAcademy” composed of a basic session for each organ and level across the range of morphologic findings; on-demand lectures to enhance cytopathologic knowledge; WSI archives that allow users to explore various histologically confirmed cases; and a self-assessment test to help organize diagnostic knowledge acquired through the web/mobile-friendly learning system. The platform provides not just an opportunity to achieve a correct diagnosis, but also a learning experience based on problem-solving point. Members interact, identify their deficiencies, and focus on specific educational materials. In this manner, all participants can actively engage in creating and maintaining knowledge and foster a proactive approach to learning.