No abstract available.
Humans ; Physicians, Family*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyperpigmentation* ; Infant*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyperpigmentation* ; Infant*

Carcinoid tumors are well-differentiated epithelial neoplasms that usually can be diagnosed without difficulty based on their distinctive histologic patterns. These tumors are composed of variable numbers of calls that contain endocrine secretory granules in their cytoplasm, which can be identified by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy, Carcinoid tumors of the duodenum are relatively rare, the reported incidence being 2.0-8.9% of all gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors dianosed in Western countries. The rate of occurrence among all duodenal tumors is 3-5.5%. We experienced a case of carcinoid tumor of the duodenum in a 53 year-old male patient. He was admitted to our hospital because of epigastric pain. On the gastrofiberscopic examination, 0.7 cm sized Yamada type II polyp with central ulceration was noticed on the duodenal bulb. The biopsy specimen revealed carcinoid tumor. He was treated with polypectomy.
Biopsy ; Carcinoid Tumor* ; Cytoplasm ; Duodenum ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial ; Polyps ; Secretory Vesicles ; Ulcer

BACKGROUND: Apathy is one of the most frequent behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and interferes with activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences of cerebral blood flow between AD without apathy and with apathy. METHODS: Nineteen AD patients without apathy (AD-NA group) and 15 AD patients with apathy (AD-A group) were evaluated. Cerebral perfusion was measured by (99m)Tc-ECD single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The images of the AD-A and AD-NA groups were statistically analysed by means of statistical parametric mapping (SPM) 99. RESULTS: Compared with AD-NA group, the AD-A group had significantly lower perfusion in the left inferior frontal regions (left orbital gyrus, Broadmann area 47 and left median frontal gyrus, Broadmann area 11) (uncorrected p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest apathy may be related with disturbances in projections of frontal subcortical circuits, even though apathy is primarily related with dysfunction of the cingulate gyrus.
Activities of Daily Living ; Alzheimer Disease* ; Apathy* ; Behavioral Symptoms ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Humans ; Orbit ; Perfusion ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

Subacute thyroiditis is a frequent benign thyroid disease associated with previous viral upper respiratory tract infection. Known complications of this disease are long-standing subclinical hypothyroidism, persistent anterior neck pain and rarely Graves disease. In general, thyroid abscess is an uncommon disease because of anatomic isolation of the gland and its rich system of drainage for blood and lymph. Especially, development of thyroid abscess in subacute thyroiditis is extremely rare phenomenan, but significant bad outcomes can be resulted. Its clinical BACKGROUND containes immune-suppressed state, anatomic defect, presence of underlying other thyroid disease and of non-thyroidal infectious foci. We experienced a case of subacute thyroiditis complicated with streptococcal thyroid abscess during glucocorticoid therapy. The patient was a 19-year-old female who was admitted due to anterior neck pain for 1 month. Typical subacute thyroiditis was suggested from initial laboratory findings including CBC, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum T3, T4, TSH levels, thyroid scan & thyroid uptake. But during oral prednisolone therapy, unexpected bacterial thyroid abscess was developed. We report this unusual case with review of literatures.
Abscess ; Blood Sedimentation ; Drainage ; Female ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Neck Pain ; Prednisolone ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Thyroid Diseases ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroiditis, Subacute* ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To analyze the ridge profile of the anterior maxilla using cone-beam computed tomography and to assess the clinical significance of the ridge profile by performing virtual implant placement. METHODS: Thirty-two cone-beam computed tomography scans of anterior maxillae were included. For each tooth, a vertical line was made along the longitudinal axis, and 3 horizontal lines at 1-, 3-, and 5-mm levels below the labial bone crest were drawn perpendicularly to the vertical reference. At these levels, the thickness of the alveolar ridge (RT), and the labial (LT) and palatal bone plate (PT) were measured. Then, virtual implant placement using standard and tapered implants was performed. A generalized linear mixed model was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The teeth were located labially based on the proportion of LT and PT with respect to RT. At the 1-mm level, the value of LT was between 1.0±0.4 mm for central incisors and 1.3±0.6 mm for canines. A large number of teeth had area(s) with less than 1-mm-thick labial bone between the 1- and 5-mm levels below the crest. The mean PT was generally thicker than the LT in all tooth types. The greatest mean value of labial concavity was observed for canines, compared to other tooth types. Men had a greater RT than did women, but had a comparable LT. Less apical fenestration was observed when tapered implants were used. CONCLUSIONS: Most teeth in the anterior maxilla had a thin labial bone plate, with no significant difference between sexes. Tapered implants may be advantageous for the anterior maxilla.
Alveolar Process ; Bone Plates ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Dental Implants ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Maxilla ; Tooth

Most epileptic patients have commonly suffered from recurrent seizures for many years. These seizures are usually associated with inhibitory synaptic reorganization of the hippocampal region, but it is not known whether cerebellar inhibitory synaptic changes can be induced by seizure activity. We sought to determine the pattern of cerebellar alterations in the cerebellar inhibitory interneurons (basket and stellate cells) and then tested if the alterations are associated with their synaptic transmission at the cerebellar GABAergic synapses between inhibitory interneurons and Purkinje cells after systemic kainic acid administration by immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis, dot blot analysis and confocal microscopy. A dramatic increase of the intensity of GAP-43 immunostaining was obvious in the pinceau structures following KA-induced seizures and the intense GAP-43 immunoreaction involved in high expression of PKC-sigma. The activation of the presynaptic terminal at the cerebellar inhibitory synapse is accompanied with strong GABA immunoreactivity in pinceau region (especially 48 h) after KA-seizures. These results suggest a possibility that KA-seizures increase the release of GABA at the cerebellar inhibitory presynaptic terminal and it would be contribute to the depression of Purkinje cell activity, disinhibition, during the epileptogenesis.
Blotting, Western ; Depression ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; GAP-43 Protein ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interneurons* ; Kainic Acid ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Presynaptic Terminals ; Purkinje Cells ; Seizures* ; Synapses* ; Synaptic Transmission

Choledochal cyst, also referred to as cystic dilatation of the extrahepatic bile duct, is a rare malformation most frequently seen in female. Malignant changes in choledochal cyst have frequently been described, but only one case of malignant change in childhood has been reported till now. Recently, we experienced a case of bile duct cancer arising in choledochal cyst in a 13-year-old girl. She had been complaining of right upper abdominal pain for 15 days. Abdominal CT scan and ERCP showed a cylindrical dilatation of extrahepatic bile duct with irregular cystic wall mass and multiple liver metastasis which was confirmed as adenocarcinoma by ultrasono-guided needle biopsy. Anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union was not seen. This patient was the youngest case of bile duct carcinoma arising in choledochal cyst in Korea.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenocarcinoma ; Adolescent* ; Bile Duct Neoplasms* ; Bile Ducts* ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Bile* ; Biopsy, Needle ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Choledochal Cyst* ; Dilatation ; Female* ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Although levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (FDP) are low in the circulation of healthy individuals, their levels are significantly elevated in patients with thromboembolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical utilities of D-dimer and FDP in the early diagnosis of stroke subtypes and the prediction of early prognosis. METHODS: Hospitalized patients due to acute ischemic stroke underwent measurement of plasma levels of D-dimer and FDP within 12 hours after admission. Stroke severity was assessed on admission and 2 weeks later using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Stroke subtypes were classified according to the criteria of the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criterion. RESULTS: D-dimer and FDP levels were significantly higher in the cardioembolic group than in the atherosclerotic and lacunar groups. There was independent correlation between the level of FDP and cardioembolism. Ninety-six patients showed clinical improvement that was defined by a reduction of more than 4 points on the NIHSS two weeks later compared with that on admission. The level of D-dimer was higher in patients with clinical improvement than in patients without improvement (p=0.032). However, there was no correlation between the level of D-dimer and early improvement. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that measurement of FDP in acute ischemic stroke could be helpful in subtype classification. However, D-dimer and FDP were not related with early prognosis.
Cerebral Infarction ; Chondroitin Sulfates ; Dermatan Sulfate ; Early Diagnosis ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; Formycins ; Heparitin Sulfate ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Plasma ; Ribonucleotides ; Stroke ; Thromboembolism