Historically, peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) have not been as widely used as spinal and epidural anesthesia in the lower extremities due to difficulties inherent to the technique, resulting in an incomplete block and other complications. Recently, ultrasound machines have been used to facilitate locating peripheral nerves, resulting in a gradual increase in the utilization of PNBs. Currently, PNBs are used in sole regional anesthesia as well as for management of acute and chronic pain. PNBs have several advantages over other anesthetic techniques, such as central neuraxial blocks and general anesthesia. First of all, PNBs provide an improved peri-operative analgesia. Therefore, excessive opioid consumption is no longer necessary to control pain, and this results in fewer adverse effects, such as nausea, vomiting, pruritus, and respiratory depression. Furthermore, PNBs can be used as an alternative technique for high risk patients to whom a sympathetic blockade may lead to problems due to its little effect on hemodynamics. However, the use of PNBs also has pitfalls, such as a late onset, long preparation time, and risk of failure. There are advantages and disadvantages to using PNBs. If used on select cases with proper consideration for patient safety and satisfaction, PNBs can become commonly used, like other anesthetic techniques.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Conduction* ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Anesthesia, General ; Chronic Pain ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Lower Extremity* ; Nausea ; Nerve Block ; Patient Safety ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Pruritus ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Ultrasonography ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Family Practice* ; Hospitals, Community* ; Humans

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by multiple venous malformations in the skin, soft tissues and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Patients with this syndrome may develop iron deficiency anemia from chronic GI hemorrhage and require lifelong treatment with iron and blood transfusions. In addition, GI lesions can be treated using endoscopic techniques such as sclerotherapy, band ligation, coagulation, and polypectomy. We describe here the anesthetic management of a 12-year-old male patient with BRBNS for endoscopic polypectomy under general anesthesia.
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Anesthesia ; Blister ; Blood Transfusion ; Child ; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Iron ; Ligation ; Male ; Nevus ; Nevus, Blue ; Rubber ; Sclerotherapy ; Skin ; Skin Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Hemiarthroplasty* ; Hemorrhage* ; Hip* ; Hypotension* ; Retrospective Studies*

No abstract available.
Kidney Transplantation* ; Wegener Granulomatosis*

No abstract available.
Analgesia* ; Lymph Node Excision* ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mastectomy, Simple*

Cysts ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intestinal Diseases ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Meckel Diverticulum ; diagnosis

Pulmonary siderosis is one kind of pneumoconiosis, occurs from chronic inhalation of iron or iron oxide. Inhaled iron dust is deposited in the intra-alveolar spaces, which leads to radiological changes and respiratory symptoms. It is diagnosed by iron exposure history, radiological changes, and the evidence of intra-alveolar iron deposit. We have experienced a case of pulmonary siderosis which was confirmed by bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy, so report it with a review of literature.
Biopsy* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage* ; Dust ; Inhalation ; Iron ; Lung* ; Pneumoconiosis ; Siderosis*

OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed at comparing the Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) gene polymorphic variants of schizophrenics with those of normal controls, and to investigate its contribution to the development of schizophrenia. METHODS: One hundred and thirty five schizophrenics in accordance with DSM-IV criteria and one hundred and fourteen healthy individuals participated in this study. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood using proteinase K, and the MCP-1 gene promoter region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gene typing was analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using restriction enzyme PvuII. RESULTS: Distribution of the genotypes and alleles of MCP-1 gene in the patient group was not significantly different from that of the control group (p=0.145 and p=0.122, respectively). There was difference in the frequencies of genotypes between positive and negative subgroup (p=0.035), but no difference in frequencies of alleles between the two subgroups (p=0.078). There was no difference in scores of PANSS general, positive and negative subscale, the age of onset, the presence or absence of family history between patients with or without -2518G allele (p=0.979, p=0.378, p=0.056, p=0.256 and p=0.301, respectively). CONCLUSION: We suggest that the polymorphism in the MCP-1 promotor gene may be the possible marker for subgouping of negative type schizophrenia.
Age of Onset ; Alleles ; Chemokine CCL2 ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; DNA ; Endopeptidase K ; Genotype ; Humans ; Monocytes* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Schizophrenia*

No abstract available.
Erythrocytes*