No abstract available.
Spine*

: In order to observe the antigenic fractions in saline extract of adult Paragonimus westermani, proteins in the crude extract were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in reducing conditions. The separated protein fractions were transferred to nitrocellulose paper on which 20 sera from human paragonimiasis were reacted and immunoblotted. Out of 15 stained protein bands in SDS-PAGE, 7 reacted with the sera. Of 14 reacted bands, 30 kilodalton(kDa) band was the most frequently reacted (95%) and was a strong antigen. Protein bands of 23 and 46 kDa were also strong antigens. Bands of over 150 kDa, 120 kDa, 92 kDa, 86 kDa, 74 kDa, 62 kDa, 51 kDa, 32 kDa, 28 kDa, 16.5 kDa and 15.5 kDa were also reactive but their frequencies of the reaction were variable.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Paragonimus westermani ; immunology ; antigen ; electrophoresis

We report an autopsy case of secondary hemochromatosis associated with multiple frequent blood transfusion for the treatment of aplastic anemia. A 23-year-old man had been diagnosed as having aplastic anemia at the age of 13. He received a whole blood transfusion, about 1280 ml, every month during the past 10 years. Recently he developed diabetes mellitus and a congestive heart failure. The autopsy revealed that multiple organs were affected by secondary hemochromatosis, including the liver, heart, pancreas, spleen, bone marrow, stomach, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and testes. The lungs and liver showed gross and microscopic findings consistent with a congestive heart failure in addition to hemochromatosis. The details are presented. This is a case of rare secondary hemochromatosis occurring in a young man and presenting the classic histopathologic changes indistinguishable from those of primary hemochromatosis.
Adrenal Glands ; Anemia ; Anemia, Aplastic* ; Autopsy* ; Blood Transfusion ; Bone Marrow ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Heart ; Heart Failure ; Hemochromatosis* ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Pancreas ; Spleen ; Stomach ; Testis ; Thyroid Gland ; Young Adult

The combination of reflux and infection may produce progressive renal damage. If the V-U reflux is corrected, normal renal growth can be resumed in most cases, but some cases remain with reduced renal growth. 70 kidneys with V-U reflux during the past 5 years was reviewed clinically, so the following results were obtained; 1. The incidence of renal scar was noticed in 50% among 70 VUR cases, and the incidence and the severity of renal scar was increased according to the grade of VUR. 2. 33 cases (94.3%) of 35 cases with renal scar was associated with UTI, and in these cases the grade of renal scar was higher than no UTI cases. 3. Under the age of 4 years the incidence of renal scar was high as 23 (60.5%) out of 38 VUR cases. and over the age of 4 years the incidence of renal scar was low as 12 (37.5%) out of 32 VUR cases. 4. The length & width in VUR cases compared to normal for age was within normal limit, but the renal parenchymal thickness compared to normal was lower. In the higher grade of VUR the parenchymal thickness was thinner than in he lower grade. 5. In most cases of successfully treated VUR medically and surgically, renal parenchymal thickness was grown into the normal level. Although the VUR was treated successfully, renal parenchymal growth was retarded in the higher grade of VUR (more then IV) or more severe renal scar (more than b).
Cicatrix ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*

PURPOSE: This study investigates nurses' organizational commitment, internal marketing, and occupational satisfaction depending on their age, martial status, clinical experience and income. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 350 nurses from six hospitals in Jeolla-do. The t-tests were used to analyze the differences in internal marketing, occupational satisfaction, and organizational commitment depending on their age, marital status, career, and income. The relationships among internal marketing, occupational satisfaction, and organizational commitment were analyzed by the path analysis. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that organizational commitment was correlated with age, clinical experiences, and income, but not significantly associated with martial status. Education and training policy, benefit system, and fairness of the internal marketing were influencing factors on occupational satisfaction. These factors were correlated with organizational commitment through occupational satisfaction. CONCLUSION: This study addressed the relationships among nurses' internal marketing, occupational satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Based on the results, it is suggested that hospital organizations introduce more diverse incentive policies to enhance nurses' occupational satisfaction and organizational commitment.
Marital Status ; Marketing ; Motivation

Purpose: To identify the correlation between near work and the occurrence of delayed-onset consecutive esotropia after surgery for intermittent exotropia. Methods: A survey and retrospective review were conducted on patients in two groups. The study included patients who visited from January 2019 to January 2020. Patients who re-developed esodeviation after recovering orthophoria after the initial postoperative overcorrection for the surgical correction of intermittent exotropia were included in the delayed-onset esotropia group (Group 1), and patients with persistent orthotropia for at least 3 years after bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia were included in Group 2. We evaluated the daily frequency and hours of distanceear work in both groups. Results: A total of 42 patients were evaluated. Preoperative exodeviation at a distance was 28.5 ± 4.4 prism diopters (PD) in group 1 and 30.5 ± 5.2 PD in group 2, with no significant difference between the two groups. The percentages of patients who chose two or more extremely near-work activities a day were 47.8% and 15.8% for groups 1 and 2, respectively; these values were statistically significant (p = 0.02). Twelve patients in Group 2 answered “watching TV” (63.2%) as the most common activity, which was statistically significant compared to Group 1 (26.1% in Group 1, p = 0.02). The total numbers of hours of extremely near-work a day were 2.7 ± 2.1 and 1.5 ± 1.2 hours for groups 1 and 2, respectively, which was also statistically significant (p = 0.037). Conclusions We found a significant correlation with occurrence of delayed-onset consecutive esotropia with the frequency and hours of extremely near-work after bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia. More attention to extremely near-work should be considered carefully after bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia.

Purpose: To identify the correlation between near work and the occurrence of delayed-onset consecutive esotropia after surgery for intermittent exotropia. Methods: A survey and retrospective review were conducted on patients in two groups. The study included patients who visited from January 2019 to January 2020. Patients who re-developed esodeviation after recovering orthophoria after the initial postoperative overcorrection for the surgical correction of intermittent exotropia were included in the delayed-onset esotropia group (Group 1), and patients with persistent orthotropia for at least 3 years after bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia were included in Group 2. We evaluated the daily frequency and hours of distanceear work in both groups. Results: A total of 42 patients were evaluated. Preoperative exodeviation at a distance was 28.5 ± 4.4 prism diopters (PD) in group 1 and 30.5 ± 5.2 PD in group 2, with no significant difference between the two groups. The percentages of patients who chose two or more extremely near-work activities a day were 47.8% and 15.8% for groups 1 and 2, respectively; these values were statistically significant (p = 0.02). Twelve patients in Group 2 answered “watching TV” (63.2%) as the most common activity, which was statistically significant compared to Group 1 (26.1% in Group 1, p = 0.02). The total numbers of hours of extremely near-work a day were 2.7 ± 2.1 and 1.5 ± 1.2 hours for groups 1 and 2, respectively, which was also statistically significant (p = 0.037). Conclusions We found a significant correlation with occurrence of delayed-onset consecutive esotropia with the frequency and hours of extremely near-work after bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia. More attention to extremely near-work should be considered carefully after bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia.

Background & Objective: The number of ischemic stroke is increasing steadily. The recent stroke prevention strategies have targeted risk factors for preventing ischemic stroke. Community-based data that quantify the prevalence of these risk factors are needed to develop effective stroke prevention strategies. This study was performed aiming to establish customized prevention strategies by investigating vascular risk factors of ischemic stroke among the healthy adults in an urban population in Korea. Methods: The Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (PRESENT) survey collected data associated with stroke risk factors between 2007 and 2009 in Ansan city, Korea. Of 46,537 people, 2,843 were selected by random sampling, and final population included 358 men and 422 women over 50 years old. We checked modifiable risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and physical inactivity. Results: The mean age of study subjects was 60.1±8.2 years; 55.5% had hypertension, 18.6% had diabetes mellitus, 17.7% were current smoker, 44.9% had hyperlipidemia, 1.7% had atrial fibrillation, and 4.5% had cardiovascular disease. Men had more risk factors for stroke, and higher rates of diabetes mellitus and current smoking. However, women had higher cholesterol and obesity rates and lower physical activity. The proportion of individuals with >1 risk factor for stroke increased with age. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases also increased with age, but low-density lipoprotein levels and current smoking decreased. Conclusions: This study provides valuable information to develop customized strategic policies for primary and secondary stroke prevention.
Stroke

Background: Fluvastatin is the first entirely synthetic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A(HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. Clinical data indicate that this agent exhibits the proven efficacy of its class and also has some theoretical advantages in safety for long-term use because of its unique pharmacololgic property consistent with hepatoselectivity(i.e., low systemic exposure). This study is to evaluate efficacy and safety of fluvastatin in hypercholesterolemic patients in Korea. Methods: An open clinical trial with fluvastatin was conducted in 31 subjects who continued to have high blood cholesterol levels of 6.21 mmol/L(240 mg/dl) or greater after 1 month of lipid-lowering diet plus single blind placebo period. Fluvastatin was administered for 8 weeks with the initial dose of 20 mg per day and if serum cholesterol levels did not fall below 5.20 mmol/L(200 mg/dl) after 4 weeks the dose was increased to 40 mg per day for the second 4 weeks. On each visit every 4 weeks they underwent interview and laboratory tests about side effects and tolerability. Results: The mean % changes in plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol from baseline were
Cholesterol ; Creatine Kinase ; Diet ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Korea ; Oxidoreductases ; Plasma ; Sleep Stages ; Triglycerides

BACKGROUND: While sleeping, humans frequently change their position; this is done to avoid direct and excessive pressure on the body surface, and is considered to be very important for the prevention of pressure sores. A patient who is under general anesthesia, however, cannot perform this reflex movement; maintaining the same position during an entire operation causes concentrated pressure on specific body surfaces, and this may result in complications such as allopecia, back pain, pressure sores and peripheral nerve damage. Because little is known about the relationship between surgical position and pressure on the body surface, position is in most clinical situations decided on the basis of experience and informed guesswork. In order to qualitatively and quantitatively determine weight-bearing areas, pressure on the body surface of patients was evaluated under general anesthesia. METHOD: Ten patients scheduled for elective surgery were selected for this study. They were all aged over 20 and ASA class 1. A mattress equipped with a force sensing resistor was placed on the operating table and used to determine pressure on the body surface. Pressure was measured before and after anesthesia was induced in the supine, lateral and prone position. The signal generated by this mattress was processed using an analogue-digital (AD) converter, then displayed as pressure distribution on a computer screen. Pressure points were compared qualitatively, and for quantitative measurement were digitally expressed. 'Pressure' here is mean pressure at each point calculated among ten patients. RESULTS: In the supine position, pressure was concentrated on the shoulder and sacral areas. Pressure distribution in these areas was 29.8% (shoulder) and 26.0% (sacral area) before anesthesia was induced, and 20.3% (shoulder) and 25.8% (sacral area) after induction. In the lateral position, the shoulder and trochanteric areas were identified as the main weight-bearing areas; pressure distribution was 11.2% and 8.1% before induction, and 21.6% and 15.3% after induction, respectively. In the prone position, the chest and abdomen were the main weight-bearing areas. Pressure distribution in the chest area was 30.8% before induction and 24.4% after. Operating table tilt in each surgical position also produced marked changes in pressure distribution. CONCLUSIONS: In each surgical position, weight-bearing areas were qualitatively and quantitatively determined before and after anesthesia.
Abdomen ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Back Pain ; Femur ; Human Body* ; Humans* ; Operating Tables ; Peripheral Nerves ; Pressure Ulcer ; Prone Position ; Reflex ; Shoulder ; Supine Position ; Thorax ; Weight-Bearing