PURPOSE: To evaluate the surface anatomy of the central sulcus(CS), precentral gyrus(PrCG) and postcentral gyrus(PoCG) on the basis of sulci pattern on MR images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MR images were obtained in the plane 10 degree angled to the orbitomeatal line. The MR images of 120 subjects(6 months to 79 years) with normal anatomy were analyzed and another four subjects with known space occupying lesions were also reviewed. RESULTS: The identification of gyri was feasible on the axial T1WI from anterior to posterior and from upper to lower images. The STS demonstrated symmetric pattern on both sides in 84 of 120 cases (70%), including two cases of prominent STS pattern. The asymmetric pattern was seen in 36 of 120 cases (30%):14 of 120 cases (12%) on the right and 22 of 120 cases (18%) on the left at 4.5 cm above the level of the splenium of corpus callosum. The PrCG and PoCG and CS were identified well in all cases with the use 'of the sulci pattern. CONCLUSION: The identification of the gyri on the basis of the cerebral sulci pattern on MR images is useful and important when locating the space occupying lesion of the brain.
Brain ; Corpus Callosum ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

No abstract available.
Bone Diseases* ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Humans ; Low Back Pain* ; Spine* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

No abstract available.
Enterocolitis, Neutropenic* ; Leukemia*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of MR characteristics of cystic acoustic neurinomas and to correlate with pathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the MR findings of 12 patients with cystic acoustic neurinomas. The signal intensity and enhancement pattern of the cystic components as well as the location relative to the tumors were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 30 cysts were found in 15 acoustic neurinomas;28 were intratumoral cysts and the remaining two were extratumoral cysts. The signal intensity of all 28 intratumoral cysts was higher than that of CSF on Tl-weighted images, and isointense to CSF on T2-weighted images, while the signal intensity of the two extratumoral cysts was same as CSF on both Tl-weighted and T2-weighted images. Rim enhancement was seen in 27 of 28 intratumoral cysts but in none of the two extratumoral cysts. CONCLUSION: We concluded that intratumoral cyst was due to tumoral necrosis, hemorrhage or degenerative change and extratumoral cyst due to secondary arachnoid cyst formation.
Acoustics* ; Arachnoid ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Neuroma, Acoustic* ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To describe normal postoperative MR findings and MR findings of postoperative discitis in patients who underwent operation due to herniated intervertebral disc. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed normal postoperative MR findings and MR findings of discitis in 30 patients(21-61yrs.) (13 cases dignosed as discitis and 17 cases as normal) who previonsly underwent laminectomy and discectomy, or bony fusion. We analyzed signal intensity of end plate and disc, end plate destruction, and enhancement of end plate and disc on T1- and T2-weighted images(WI) of 1.5T MRI. RESULTS: Among 14 out of 17 patients with no evidence of discitis, 7 patients showed high signal of the posterior portion of disc on T1- and T2-WI and 11 patients revealed enhancement at the same sites. In all 13 patients suspected of having discitis, end plate and disc showed low signal on T1-WI, high signal on T2-WI, heterogeneous enhancement, and irregular destruction of end plate. Meanwhile, 3 cases with no evidence of postoperative discitis clinically who underwent bony fusion showed similiar findings to those of the above 13 patients, except for homogeneous enhancement of end plate and vertebral body. CONCLUSION: The MR findings of postoperative discitis were low signal on T1-WI, high signal on T2-WI, and heterogeneous enhancement of and plate and disc, and destruction of end plate.
Discitis* ; Diskectomy ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc* ; Laminectomy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the sonographic findings of Osgood-Schlatter disease with correlation to radiographic findings and to determine value of sonography in the diagnosis of Osgood-Schlatter disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The population consist of 22 cases of Osgood-Schlatter disease and 15 healthy subjects of the same age range for comparison. The sonographic study was carried out with real time units equipped with linear probe of 7 MHz frequency. Radiography and sonography were done in all cases and follow-up sonography was performed in 10 cases. RESULTS: The sonographic features of the Osgood-Schlatter disease were swelling of cartilage over the anterior tibial tuberosity ossification center in 16 cases, fragmentation and/or irregularities of the ossification center of the anterior tibial tuberosity in 14 cases, localized thickening of the pateliar tendon in 14 cases, ossicles in the thickened pateliar tendon in 3 cases, and distension of the infrapatellar bursa in 2 cases. Fifteen of 22 cases of Osgood-Schlatter disease had abnormal findings on radiographs and sonograms. Out of 7 cases which had normal radiograph and abnormal findings on sonogram, 6 cases showed pateliar tendon thickening, cartilage swelling, and/or distended infrapatellar bursa and one case showed fragmentation of anterior tibial tuberosity on sonogram. CONCLUSION: Sonographic evaluation of Osgood-Schlatter disease provided a clear picture about pathologic changes in the superficial soft tissues and in the cartilage and also yielded the same diagnostic information on bony change as radiography Sonography is a reliable and useful method for the evaluation of young patients with clinically suspected Osgood-Schlatter disease.
Cartilage ; Diagnosis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Osteochondrosis* ; Radiography ; Tendons ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the sonographic findings of Osgood-Schlatter disease with correlation to radiographic findings and to determine value of sonography in the diagnosis of Osgood-Schlatter disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The population consist of 22 cases of Osgood-Schlatter disease and 15 healthy subjects of the same age range for comparison. The sonographic study was carried out with real time units equipped with linear probe of 7 MHz frequency. Radiography and sonography were done in all cases and follow-up sonography was performed in 10 cases. RESULTS: The sonographic features of the Osgood-Schlatter disease were swelling of cartilage over the anterior tibial tuberosity ossification center in 16 cases, fragmentation and/or irregularities of the ossification center of the anterior tibial tuberosity in 14 cases, localized thickening of the pateliar tendon in 14 cases, ossicles in the thickened pateliar tendon in 3 cases, and distension of the infrapatellar bursa in 2 cases. Fifteen of 22 cases of Osgood-Schlatter disease had abnormal findings on radiographs and sonograms. Out of 7 cases which had normal radiograph and abnormal findings on sonogram, 6 cases showed pateliar tendon thickening, cartilage swelling, and/or distended infrapatellar bursa and one case showed fragmentation of anterior tibial tuberosity on sonogram. CONCLUSION: Sonographic evaluation of Osgood-Schlatter disease provided a clear picture about pathologic changes in the superficial soft tissues and in the cartilage and also yielded the same diagnostic information on bony change as radiography Sonography is a reliable and useful method for the evaluation of young patients with clinically suspected Osgood-Schlatter disease.
Cartilage ; Diagnosis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Osteochondrosis* ; Radiography ; Tendons ; Ultrasonography*

The combination of reflux and infection may produce progressive renal damage. If the V-U reflux is corrected, normal renal growth can be resumed in most cases, but some cases remain with reduced renal growth. 70 kidneys with V-U reflux during the past 5 years was reviewed clinically, so the following results were obtained; 1. The incidence of renal scar was noticed in 50% among 70 VUR cases, and the incidence and the severity of renal scar was increased according to the grade of VUR. 2. 33 cases (94.3%) of 35 cases with renal scar was associated with UTI, and in these cases the grade of renal scar was higher than no UTI cases. 3. Under the age of 4 years the incidence of renal scar was high as 23 (60.5%) out of 38 VUR cases. and over the age of 4 years the incidence of renal scar was low as 12 (37.5%) out of 32 VUR cases. 4. The length & width in VUR cases compared to normal for age was within normal limit, but the renal parenchymal thickness compared to normal was lower. In the higher grade of VUR the parenchymal thickness was thinner than in he lower grade. 5. In most cases of successfully treated VUR medically and surgically, renal parenchymal thickness was grown into the normal level. Although the VUR was treated successfully, renal parenchymal growth was retarded in the higher grade of VUR (more then IV) or more severe renal scar (more than b).
Cicatrix ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*

Osteomalacia is a disorder in which the mineralization of the organic matrix of the skeleton is defective. Proximal muscular weakness is a common symptom of osteomalacia. A 27-year-old woman reported the gradual onset of gait disturbance and bone pain in the thigh. Her height shortened during 10 months. On neurological examinations, proximal muscular weakness of the extremities was disclosed. Serum phosphorus was 1.8 mg/dl (normal 2.5~4.5), alkaline phosphatase was 1045 IU/L (normal 70~290), and 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 was 18 pg/ml (normal 20~60). On roentgenography, multiple pseudofracture lines of the rib and erosion of the head of the right femur were demonstrated. A bone scan showed multiple hot spots on the ribs and right femur. She was medicated with calcitriol and phosphorus and she recovered most of her strength and experienced decreased bone pain after 3 months. We report a case that confirms osteomalacic myopathy by an endocrinological test in patients who experienced gradual proximal muscular weakness and bone pain.
Adult ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Calcitriol ; Cholecalciferol ; Extremities ; Female ; Femur ; Gait ; Head ; Humans ; Muscle Weakness ; Muscular Diseases* ; Neurologic Examination ; Osteomalacia ; Phosphorus ; Radiography ; Ribs ; Skeleton ; Thigh