No abstract available in English.
Acromioclavicular Joint ; Dislocations ; Methods

No abstract available.
Fetus* ; Humans ; Pregnancy, Twin*

Purpose: Many studies have been conducted on the cause of the medial meniscus posterior horn root (MMPHR) tears. A previous study reported that the relatively large size of the medial femoral condyle (MFC) compared to the size of the medial tibial condyle (MTC) could cause a tear of the MMPHR. The authors conducted a study to confirm that this was correct. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the knee at our Hospital from March 2011 to April 2019 were divided into a group with a tear of MMPHR and a control group without a tear. The size (MFC, MTC) and relative size ratio of the MFC and the MTC (MFC/MTC) were measured and compared to determine if there was any correlation with the tear of MMPHR. Results: The mean MFC size of the 175 patients with MMPHR tear was 24.6±2.1 mm (0°), 23.5±2.1 mm (30°), 24.1±2.2 mm (60°), and the mean MTC size was 28.2±2.2 mm. The mean size of the MFC of the 147 control subjects was 25.2±2.4 mm (0°), 23.9±2.3 mm (30°), and 24.5±2.6 mm (60°), and the mean size of the MTC was 29.0±2.6 mm. The mean ratios (MFC/MTC) of the 175 patients with MMPHR tears were 0.87±0.05 (0°), 0.83±0.04 (30°), and 0.85±0.05 (60°) for each location. The corresponding mean ratios (MFC/MTC) of the 147 control subjects were 0.87±0.05 (0°), 0.83±0.04 (30°), and 0.85±0.05 (60°). There was no significant difference between the patient group and the control group. Conclusion The size and relative ratio of MFC and MTC do not appear to be related to a tear of the MMPHR.

No abstract available.
Eclampsia* ; Female ; Pregnancy

Isolated ACTH deficiency is a uncommon disorder causing secondary adrenocortical insufficiency. Less than 200 cases have been reported in the world. The major clinical manifestations are hypoglycemia, weight loss, hypotension, anemia, weakness, nausea, inability to excrete water load, and hyponatremia. A 56-year-old male was admitted because of weakness, fatigue, nausea and vomiting. He was pallor and not associated with hyperpigmentation. The basal plasma ACTH and cortisol levels were 8.30 pg/ml and 0.6 ug/dl. The serum cortisol did not response to rapid ACTH stimulation test. On combined pituitary stimulation test, the cortisol did not response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Other anterior pituitary hormones showed normal responses except elevated prolactin level. Six months after glucocorticoid replacement therapy, the elevated basal prolactin level returned to normal. Brain MRI did not show any anatomic abnormalities of the sellar and suprasella area. We report a case of isolated ACTH deficiency accompanied by hyperprolactineia, which respond to glucocorticoid replacement therapy.
Adrenal Insufficiency ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone* ; Anemia ; Brain ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Hyperpigmentation ; Hyperprolactinemia* ; Hypoglycemia ; Hyponatremia ; Hypotension ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; Pallor ; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior ; Plasma ; Prolactin ; Vomiting ; Water ; Weight Loss

BACKGROUND: Thread lift is a minimally invasive procedure for facial rejuvenation, but complications of thread lift have been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes and safety associated with elastic lift in relation to midface and upper mandibular region lifting. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with sagging and laxity of the facial skin treated with elastic lift from September 2015 to October 2015 were enrolled in this study. Treatment was performed following the manufacturer's recommended protocol that called for 300 treatment lines. To evaluate elastic lift safety, a retrospective chart review was conducted. We used an automatic skin diagnosis system to evaluate the efficacy of elastic lift. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients were female, and one patient was male. The mean age of the patients was 40.4 years, and their mean follow-up period was 3 months. There were no major complications manifesting in removal of the elastic thread during the follow-up period. The median skin laxity grade score was 5 (3-6) before surgery; the median skin laxity grade score was 3 (2-4) 3 months post-surgery, resulting in a statistically significant difference in skin grade score (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Facial rejuvenation using elastic lift is an effective and safe procedure in select patients with midface ptosis and moderate jowls.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lifting ; Male ; Rejuvenation* ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there is a significant effect of growth hormone(GH) treatment with diet and exercise over the diet and exercise alone in obese non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM). METHOD: Twenty obese NIDDM adults were studied. We measured the body weight, body composition and exercise capacity before and after 12 weeks of treatment program. The subjects were assigned in a double-blind manner either to the diet, aerobic exercise with placebo treatment group(group A) or to the diet, aerobic exercise with GH treatment group(group B) for twenty-week period. Two groups were compared for the demographic data. RESULTS: After 12-weeks of treatment program, each group showed a significant weight loss (group A: 8.54+/-2.29 kg vs group B: 7.14+/-2.99 kg) than before the treatment, however there was no significant weight loss between two groups. After 12-weeks, the fat fraction of body weight loss was significantly higher in group B than group A(0.80+/-0.40%kg versus 0.55+/-0.30%kg). After 12-weeks, the maximal oxygen consumption was similarly increased in both groups(23.75% in the group A versus 29.2% in the group B). After 12-weeks, the peak torque was similarly increased in both groups(9.7% in the group A versus 17.3% in the group B). After 12-weeks, the endurance was similarly increased in both groups(10.1% in the group A versus 8.1% in the group B). CONCLUSION: Both group A and B showed a significant weight loss and resulted in a comparable gain in the muscle strength, endurance, and maximal oxygen consumption. The addition of GH in a low dose to a the calorie-restricted diet and aerobic exercise resulted in a significant fat loss especially around the visceral area.
Adult ; Body Composition ; Body Weight ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diet* ; Exercise ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Muscle Strength ; Obesity ; Oxygen Consumption ; Torque ; Weight Loss

Purpose: To report two rare cases of cortical blindness resulting from posterior cerebral artery (PCA) occlusion after laminectomy and laparoscopic gastrectomy under general anesthesia.Case summary: (Case 1) A 65-year-old man presented with visual loss after a bone graft and total laminectomy for spinal stenosis under general anesthesia. His best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was hand motion in both eyes. The pupillary light reflex was normal, and a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) was not observed. Slit-lamp microscopy and fundus examination were normal. Using brain computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and angiography, a PCA infarction was detected. His left 2b PCA was reperfused after intra-arterial thrombolysis. However. he still had left homonymous hemianopia and right homonymous superior quadrantanopia. (Case 2) A 64-year-old man was referred for visual loss in the recovery room after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy under general anesthesia. His BCVA was finger counting for the right eye and hand motion for the left eye. His pupillary light reflex was normal. A RAPD was not observed. Slit-lamp microscopy and a fundus examination were normal. Using a brain MRI and angiography, PCA infarctions were detected. Echocardiography showed an atherosclerotic change with a mobile plaque. Anticoagulation therapy was started, but he still had left homonymous hemianopia and right homonymous inferior quadrantanopia. Conclusions Cortical blindness caused by non-ophthalmological surgery under general anesthesia is known for severe complications and poor prognoses. Therefore, it is crucial to identify patients with high risks of complications to prevent ophthalmic complications resulting in visual losses before surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to provide guidelines for the diagnosis and successful treatment of orthodontic treatment with upper premolar extraction only. METHODS: The sample group consisted of 40 patients (20 with upper premolar extraction only, 20 with both upper and lower premolar extractions) who showed an overjet of more than 7 mm and were finished successfully. Lateral cephalographs were taken before and after orthodontic treatment. Landmarks showing the position of the upper and lower incisors and the position of the upper and lower lip were determined and angular measurement of these values were obtained for statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney test). RESULTS: At pre-treatment, the position of the lower incisor was less labially inclined and the convexity of the lower lip was smaller in the upper premolar extraction only group than in the upper/lower premolar extraction group. At post-treatment, there was no difference in all measurements except for the position of the lower incisor. A comparison of changes between pre- and post-treatment showed that the retraction of upper & lower incisors and the decrease in convexity of the lower lip were greater in the upper/lower premolar extraction group. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment by upper premolar extraction can be of benefit for patients whose lower incisor proclination and lower lip protrusion are not excessive.
Bicuspid* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incisor ; Lip

BACKGROUND: Viral myocarditis is considered as a cause of dilated cardiomyopathy. At present, two pathogenic mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis and subsequent cardiomyopathy. First, the virus infection of myocyte may directly lead to either cell death or persistent metabolic dysfunction. Second, virus-induced immune or autoimmune mechanism may play a role. METHODS: To test the therapeutic efficacy of immunosuppression with cyclophophamide(CYP) on coxsackievirus B3(CB3) myocarditis, 10-14 week-old Balb/c mice were inoculated with 4000 plaque-forming units of CB3. In experiment 1, CYP (100mg/kg/day subcutaneous injection, s.c) was administrated daily on days 1-7(group 2, n=16). In experiment 2, CYP 30mg/kg/day s.c(group 3, n=32) or CYP 100mg/kg/day s.c(group 4, n=32) were administrated on days 8-14. The animals of infected controls(group 1, n=26) and group 2, 3, 4 were dissected at days 4, 7, 15, 22 and spleen, heart, thymus and body weights were measured. RESULTS: In experiment 1. survival rate in group 2 on day 7, 15 were low compared with group 1(85%, 0% vs 100%, p<0.05). and myocardial virus titers in group 2 on day 4 was 50 times, and on day 7, 1000 times higher compared with group 1, Histologically, on day 7, focal cellular infiltrations were prominent findings in group 1, but diffuse myocardial necrosis without cellular infiltration were observed in group 2. In experiment 2, survival rate, cardiac histopathology myocardial virus titer and serum neutralizing antibody titers did not differ among groups 1, 3 and 4. In experiment 1 and 2, the spleen-to-body-weight and thymus-to-body-weight ratios were significantly lower in CYP treated groups than those in controls and marked cellular depletions in spleens and thymus were observed in CYP treated groups. CONCLUSIONS: As the results of above, it can be concluded that the immunosuppression during viremic phase of murine viral myocarditis aggravated the myocardial necrosis, and during aviremic phase, the administration of CYP didnot affect the process of viral myocarditis. Thus, direct viral mechanisms in the production of cardiomyocyte injury in CB3-infected mice appear to bo more important than cell mediated immune mechanism. To understand relevant pathogenic mechanisms of clinical myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy resulting from viral infection, the experimental study expanding into nonmurine animals and into various models using other infectious agents may be required.
Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Body Weight ; Cardiomyopathies ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; Cell Death ; Cyclophosphamide* ; Heart ; Immunosuppression ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Mice ; Muscle Cells ; Myocarditis* ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Necrosis ; Spleen ; Survival Rate ; Thymus Gland ; Viral Load